| 1. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Coevolution of RANTES sensitivity and mode of CCR5 receptor use by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of the R5 phenotype.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 1098-5514 .- 0022-538X. ; 78:21, s. 11807-11815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use has been described as the acquisition of CXCR4 use linked to accelerated disease progression. However, CXCR4-using virus can be isolated only from approximately one-half of individuals with progressive HIV-1 disease. The other half continue to yield only CCR5-using viruses (R5 phenotype) throughout the course of disease. In the present work, the use of receptor chimeras between CCR5 and CXCR4 allowed us to study the evolution of HIV-1 with the R5 phenotype, which was not revealed by studies of wild-type coreceptor use. All together, 246 isolates (173 with the R5 phenotype) from 31 individuals were tested for their ability to infect cells through receptor chimeras. R5narrow virus was able to use only wild-type CCR5, whereas R5broad(1) to R5broad(3) viruses were able to use one to three chimeric receptors, respectively. Broad use of chimeric receptors was interpreted as an increased flexibility in the mode of receptor use. R5broad isolates showed higher infectivity in cells expressing wild-type CCR5 than R5narrow isolates. Also, the increased flexibility of R5broad isolates was concomitant with a lower sensitivity to inhibition by the CC chemokine RANTES. Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV-1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process, since the mode and efficiency of CCR5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD4+-T-cell decline in a patient. One possible explanation is that ligand competition at the CCR5 receptor or changed CCR5 availability may shape the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics of coal desulphurization by Acidianus brierleyi
- 1993
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering & Technology. - : Wiley. - 1521-4125 .- 0930-7516. ; 16:3, s. 180-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acidianus brierleyi was demonstrated to remove pyritic sulphur from coal. A. brierleyi was also found capable of catalyzing the removal of what is normally reported as organic sulphur from coal 171US34. A kinetic analysis was performed by assuming a first order reaction. The first order kinetics allowed a comparison with literature data for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Also, formation of jarosite was taken into account in the analysis. The simple first order kinetics was observed to fit the data on removal of sulphur satisfactorily.
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| 4. |
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Att skapa en professionell identitet : om utvecklingsinriktade examensarbeten i lärarutbildningen
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det självständiga arbetet har en lång tradition inom svensk lärarutbildning. I boken Att skapa en professionell identitet ges exempel på praktiknära utvecklingsarbeten som både kan komplettera och utmana en rådande uppsatstradition på landets lärosäten.Utbildningsverksamheten står inför nya utmaningar och lärare måste få inflytande över vad den egna kunskapsbildningen ska omfatta samt kunskap om utvecklings- och förändringsarbete. Att inom ramen för de självständiga arbetena utveckla detta kunnande, främst bland studerande men även yrkesverksamma, i ett praktiknära samarbete kan vara en framgångsrik väg till ökad kvalitet.Bokens första del återger dels en historisk tillbakablick av den praktiknära forskningens framväxt, dels en diskussion om det ökade intresset för praktiknära frågor. Även aktionsforskning som metod och inspiration i utvecklingsinriktade arbeten behandlas.Del två skildrar ett försöksprojekt som bedrivits på Linnéuniversitet där studenter som går sista terminen på lärarutbildningen skriver utvecklingsinriktade självständiga arbeten och tillägnar sig redskap för processtänkande som ett led i systematiskt kvalitetsarbete.Den tredje delen låter studenternas röster komma till tals. Denna del innehåller exempel på ett utvecklingsinriktat arbete samt reflektioner från studenter som genomfört sådana arbeten.Boken vänder sig både till lärarstudenter och verksamma lärare samt till rektorer inom utbildningssektorn.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Jonas, 1974-
(författare)
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Dominanser : En utveckling av den realistiska livsformsteorin
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present dissertation develops a specific theory about everyday life called realist life mode theory. This theory is based on critical realism and consists of "work", "love" and "life mode" as central concepts. The background of the theory is the Danish life mode analysis developed by Thomas Højrup in the 1980:s. The aim of the study is to develop the central clusters of concepts in the realist life mode theory - i. e. "work", "love", "life mode" in a theoretical way. These concepts are seen as clusters since other related concepts are developed in connection to the concepts mentioned above. In connection to work I also discuss the concepts of "labour power", "labour receptor", and "work form"; in relation to love, "love power", "love receptor" and "love form" are discussed. And "life mode" is connected with the concept of "everyday life" in a more exact way than before. The argument of this study is that realist life mode theory is about two fundamental types of dominance - personal dominance and structural dominance. "Personal dominance" is used synonymously with "ownership". "Structural dominance" is dominance between non-personal, non-conscious entities. Life mode theory is a theory about ownership surrounded by structural dominances both beneath the owning person (sub-personally), and above (socially). Personal dominance - ownership - is produced via two human and societal processes - work and love. Work is defined as doing and occuring in the sphere of necessity. In work there especially are possibilities for ownership of the material surroundings. Love is defined as doing and occuring in the sphere of freedom. In love humans produce each other as self-owned persons through transaction of love power. Both work and love has great emancipatory potentials, and this theme is discussed in the present study. But, unfortunately, really existing work and love practices are to a great extent exploitative. Labour power is exploited in capitalism, and love power in patriarchy. When it comes to structural dominance, this study focuses on the following dominances: The dominance of labour receptor over labour power in men´s working life; the dominance of love power over love receptor in women´s love life. The dominance of work over love in men´s everyday life; the dominance of love over work in women´s everyday life. And on a more social level we find the following dominances: in the male life modes the work form dominates the love form. In female life modes the love form dominates the work form. And finally, in society as a whole male life modes have dominance over female life modes. When the dominance between social structures is analyzed, a distinction is made between "dominance form" and "the substance of dominance".
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| 6. |
- B Jensen, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Evidence-Based Practice for Improved Occupational Safety and Health at Workplaces in Sweden. Report on a Practice-Based Research Network Approach.
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the rapid growth in research and R&D expenditures, the translation of research into practice is limited. One approach to increase the translation and utilization of research is practice based research networks. With the aim of strengthening evidence-based practice (EBP) within occupational health services in Sweden (OH-Services), a practice-based research network (PBRN-OSH) was developed. The PBRN-OSH includes researchers and representatives from end-users. This paper reports on the development, outputs and lessons learned in the PBRN-OSH. The PBRN-OSH resulted in several practice-based research projects as well as different measures to ensure EBP in OSH such as the governmentally sanctioned national guidelines for the OH-services. Moreover, results show that the competence in EBP increased among practitioners at the OH-services. Conducting research in a PBRN is more resource demanding; however, this does not imply that it is less cost effective. To succeed in increasing the utility of research findings via PBRN, resources must be invested into an infrastructure that supports collaboration in the PBRN, including costs for a variety of means of dissemination. Further, translation activities need to be included in academic career paths and reward systems if a major improvement in the impact and return of investments from research is to be expected.
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| 7. |
- Dahl, Marianne, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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En väg till professionell yrkesutövning
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Att skapa en professionell identitet. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147130627 ; , s. 201-210
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I kapitlet behandlas delaktighet och samverkan, två aspekter som med vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet är centrala i utbildningsinriktade arbeten. Vidare diskuteras kunskapsutveckling genom dokumentation som ett led i systematiskt kvalitetsarbete samt hur studenternas professionella identitet stärks genom reflektion.
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| 8. |
- Danermark, Berth, et al.
(författare)
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Att förklara samhället
- 1997
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att förklara samhället är en bok i metodologi. Med den kritiska realismen som grund presenterar författarna metodologiska riktlinjer för en samhällsvetenskap med höga anspråk på att kunna förklara samhälleliga förhållanden.Bokens nio kapitel behandlar samhällsvetenskapens ontologiska och epistemologiska grunder, begreppsbildning och strukturell analys, kausalitet och förklaring, samhällsvetenskapen som tolkande vetenskap, förhållandet mellan struktur och aktör, olika former av slutledningar och tankeoperationer, relationen mellan det generella och det individuella, teoriers betydelse i forskningspraktiken, olika sätt att koppla teori och empiri, kombinationer av metoder (det som i boken kallas kritisk metodpluralism) samt grunderna för en samhällsrelevant samhällsvetenskap.Kritiken mot de positivistiska vetenskapsidealen, empirismen och tron på den objektiva, bevisade kunskapen har delvis slagit över i sin motsats, en överdriven försiktighet, en långtgående relativism, en betoning på vad vetenskapen inte kan göra i stället för vad den kan göra. Denna bok visar att det finns ett fruktbart alternativ till dessa positioner, ett alternativ som ger mer realistiska och samtidigt konstruktiva grunder för samhällsvetenskaplig forskning.
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| 9. |
- Danermark, Berth, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining Society : Critical realism in the social sciences
- 2002
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explaining society is a clear, jargon-free introduction to the practice and theory of critical realism in the social sciences. This is the first ever bok to comprehensively present critical realism and its methodological implications for social science
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| 10. |
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