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- Ekelund, A, et al.
(author)
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Transcranial cerebral oximetry related to transcranial Doppler after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
- 1998
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In: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 140:10, s. 1029-1036
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Noninvasive methods for detecting cerebral artery vasospasm, still a serious complication following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, are of vital interest. Up-to-date transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) has proved to be sensitive in detecting vasospasm in the middle cerebral artery, but has less accuracy for other cerebral arteries. Transcranial cerebral oximetry (TCCO) is a new non-invasive technique which may increase the reliability for detecting cerebral ischaemia. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a putative correlation between TCCO and TCD. We examined the two hemispheres in 14 patients with the aim of evaluating a proposed correlation between TCD and TCCO. Analysis of all absolute values (maximum TCD mFV and minimum TCCO saturation, respectively) in all series indicate a correlation between TCCO and TCD, p < 0.01, r = -0.62. All patients with TCD mean flow velocity > 120 cm/s also presented TCCO saturation < 60%. Conversely, all patients with normal TCCO saturation (> or = 63%) presented normal or moderately increased TCD velocities. In clinical neurosurgical practice it is of great interest if a true correlation between TCD and TCCO exists. The present results support the assumption that TCCO may enhance the reliability for detecting cerebral ischaemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
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- Friesgaard, Kristian Dahl, et al.
(author)
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Opioids for Treatment of Pre-hospital Acute Pain : A Systematic Review
- 2022
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In: Pain and Therapy. - : Springer. - 2193-8237 .- 2193-651X. ; 11:1, s. 17-36
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Acute pain is a frequent symptom among patients in the pre-hospital setting, and opioids are the most widely used class of drugs for the relief of pain in these patients. However, the evidence base for opioid use in this setting appears to be weak. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics in the pre-hospital setting and to assess potential alternative therapies. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Scopus, and Epistemonikos databases were searched for studies investigating adult patients with acute pain prior to their arrival at hospital. Outcomes on efficacy and safety were assessed. Risk of bias for each included study was assessed according to the Cochrane approach, and confidence in the evidence was assessed using the GRADE method. Results A total of 3453 papers were screened, of which the full text of 125 was assessed. Twelve studies were ultimately included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis was not undertaken due to substantial clinical heterogeneity among the included studies. Several studies had high risk of bias resulting in low or very low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes. No pre-hospital studies compared opioids with placebo, and no studies assessed the risk of opioid administration for subgroups of frail patients. The competency level of the attending healthcare provider did not seem to affect the efficacy or safety of opioids in two observational studies of very low quality. Intranasal opioids had a similar effect and safety profile as intravenous opioids. Moderate quality evidence supported a similar efficacy and safety of synthetic opioid compared to morphine. Conclusions Available evidence for pre-hospital opioid administration to relieve acute pain is scarce and the overall quality of evidence is low. Intravenous administration of synthetic, fast-acting opioids may be as effective and safe as intravenous administration of morphine. More controlled studies are needed on alternative routes for opioid administration and pre-hospital pain management for potentially more frail patient subgroups.
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- Johansson, Patric, et al.
(author)
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The effect of combined treatment with morphine sulphate and low-dose ketamine in a prehospital setting
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Pain is a common condition among prehospital patients. The present study is designed to determine whether adding low-dose ketamine as additional analgesia improves the pain/nausea scores and hemodynamic parameters compared to morphine sulphate alone among patients with bone fractures. Methods: Prospective, prehospital clinical cohort study. Twenty-seven patients were included with acute pain. Eleven patients received morphine sulphate 0.2 mg/kg (M-group) and 16 patients received morphine sulphate 0.1 mg/kg combined with 0.2 mg/kg ketamine (MK-group). Scores for pain, nausea, sedation (AVPU) and the haemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressures (BP), heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded at rescue scene before the start of analgesia and subsequently to admission at hospital. Results: Mean treatment time 46 +/- 17 minutes in the M-group and 56 +/- 11 minutes in the MK-group, respectively (ns). Mean doses of morphine sulphate in the M-group were 13.5 +/- 3.2 mg versus 7.0 +/- 1.5 mg in the MK-group. The mean additional doses of ketamine in the MK-group were 27.9 +/- 11.4 mg. There were significantly differences between the M-and the MK-group according to NRS scores for pain (5.4 +/- 1.9 versus 3.1 +/- 1.4) and BP (134 +/- 21 mmHg versus 167 +/- 32 mmHg) at admission at hospital, respectively (P < 0.05). All patients were Alert or respond to Voice and the results were similar between the groups. One patient versus 4 patients reported nausea in the M-and MK-group, respectively, and 3 patients vomited in the Mk-group (ns). Conclusion: We conclude that morphine sulphate with addition of small doses of ketamine provide adequate pain relief in patients with bone fractures, with an increase in systolic blood pressure, but without significant side effects.
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