| 1. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Climatic signatures in early modern European grain harvest yields
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 19:12, s. 2463-2491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between climate variability and grain harvest yields has been an important component of food security and economy in European history. Yet, inter-regional comparisons of climate–yield relationships have been hampered by locally varying data types and the use of different statistical methods. Using a coherent statistical framework, considering the effects of diverse serial correlations on statistical significance, we assess the temperature and hydroclimate (precipitation and drought) signatures in grain harvest yields across varying environmental settings of early modern (ca. 1500–1800) Europe. An unprecedentedly large network of yield records from northern (Sweden), central (Switzerland), and southern (Spain) Europe are compared with a diverse set of seasonally and annually resolved palaeoclimate reconstructions. Considering the effects of different crop types and time series frequencies, we find within regions consistent climate–harvest yield associations characterized by a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, winter temperature and precipitation signals in Switzerland, and spring and annual mean temperature signals in Spain. The regional-scale climate–harvest associations are weaker than the recently revealed climate signals in early modern grain prices but similar in strength to modern climate–harvest relationships at comparable spatial scales. This is a noteworthy finding considering the uncertainties inherent in both historical harvest and palaeoclimate data.
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| 2. |
- Edvinsson, Rodney, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Väder, skördar och priser i Sverige
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Agrarhistoria på många sätt. - Stockholm : Kungl. Skogs- och lantbruksakademien. - 9789185205912 ; , s. 115-136
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of skin papillomas with topical alpha-lactalbumin-oleic acid
- 2004
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 350:26, s. 2663-2672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We studied the effect on skin papillomas of topical application of a complex of α-lactalbumin and oleic acid (often referred to as human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells [HAMLET]) to establish proof of the principle that α-lactalbumin-oleic acid kills transformed cells but not healthy, differentiated cells. METHODS: Forty patients with cutaneous papillomas that were resistant to conventional treatment were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, in which α-lactalbumin-oleic acid or saline placebo was applied daily for three weeks and the change in the volume of each lesion was recorded. After this first phase of the study, 34 patients participated in the second phase, an open-label trial of a three-week course of α-lactalbumin-oleic acid. Approximately two years after the end of the open-label phase of the study, 38 of the original 40 patients were examined, and long-term follow-up data were obtained. RESULTS: In the first phase of the study, the lesion volume was reduced by 75 percent or more in all 20 patients in the α-lactalbumin-oleic acid group, and in 88 of 92 papillomas; in the placebo group, a similar effect was evident in only 3 of 20 patients (15 of 74 papillomas) (P<0.001). After the patients in the initial placebo group had been treated with α-lactalbumin-oleic acid in the second phase of the study, a median reduction of 82 percent in lesion volume was observed. At follow-up two years after the end of the second phase, all lesions had completely resolved in 83 percent of the patients treated with α-lactalbumin-oleic acid, and the time to resolution was shorter in the group originally assigned to receive a-lactalbumin-oleic acid than among patients originally in the placebo group (2.4 vs. 9.9 months; P<0.01). No adverse reactions were reported, and there was no difference in the outcomes of treatment between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with topical α-lactalbumin-oleic acid has a beneficial and lasting effect on skin papillomas.
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Erik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden's agricultural revolution reassessed: A reconstruction of arable land and food production in 1810 and 1870
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agricultural History Review. - 0002-1490. ; 70:1, s. 70-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the main results from the project Arable Land in Sweden. By examining some 9,400 cadastral maps, the acreages of arable land for the years 1810 and 1870 have been reconstructed. The calculations have thereafter been combined with other data in order to estimate agricultural production these years. As a result of the project, researchers have for the first time accurate data to quantify developments during the agricultural revolution. Surprisingly, Sweden had less arable land in the beginning of the nineteenth century than researchers have come to believe. Also, the acreage of arable land in 1870 must be adjusted downwards, but not as much. Land reclamation was thus faster than expected and firmly exceeded population growth. In addition, the data show that the expansion of the arable went hand-in-hand with increased productivity, surmounting the pitfalls of diminishing returns. In a concluding part, a partially new interpretation of Sweden's agricultural revolution is put forward.
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| 7. |
- Hallberg, Erik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The Database Sweden’s Agricultural Lands 1810 and 1870. A reconstruction of arable land, meadows and food production
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project Arable land in Sweden 1810 and 1870 has reconstructed arable land and meadows in 1810 and 1870 at the district level for the whole of Sweden based on nearly ten thousand land surveying maps. The calculations have then been combined with reliable data to reconstruct agricultural production and consumption during these years. The data has been compiled in a database, free for researchers to use. During the 19th century, the agrarian revolution took place in Sweden. More and more land was reclaimed, new farming systems and crops were introduced and food security improved. A contemporary agricultural statistic is available from 1802 onwards, but unfortunately leave much to be desired. The historical map material enables comprehensive and significantly more reliable estimates of agricultural areas than other sources. The Land Survey in Sweden dates back to 1628 and in the following centuries, an extraordinary amount of large-scale maps were produced, covering almost every corner of the country. The processing of the map material was previously time-consuming, but by the Land Survey publishing the material online, a nationwide detailed investigation was made possible.
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| 8. |
- Huhtamaa, Heli, et al.
(författare)
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Combining the archives of nature and society : Tree rings and tithes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Past global changes magazine. - : Past Global Changes (PAGES). - 2411-605X .- 2411-9180. ; 28:2, s. 50-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combining information from proxy materials stored in natural and man-made archives helps to gain a more comprehensive understanding of past climate–society relationships. This is demonstrated here with an example from tree-ring and tithe data from the 16th- to 17th-century Swedish Realm.
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| 9. |
- Leijonhufvud, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Documentary data provide evidence of Stockholm average winter to spring temperatures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 18:2, s. 333-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish archives provide several types of documentary sources relating to port activities in Stockholm for the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These documentary sources reflect sea ice conditions in the harbour inlet and correlate well with late-winter to early-spring temperatures. Instrumental measurements of temperature in Stockholm began in 1756, which allow for careful empirical assessment of the proxies from that date. After combining proxy series from several sources to derive a mean time series, calibration and verification trials are made and a preliminary January–April temperature reconstruction is developed from 1692 to 1892. This series, which explains 67% of the temperature variance, is further verified against independent temperature data from Uppsala, which go back to 1722. This additional verification of the reconstruction also assesses the quality of the early instrumental data from Uppsala, which has potential homogeneity problems before 1739 as a result of the thermometer being located indoors. Our analysis suggests that before this date, the instrumental data may be ‘too warm’ and need correction. Together, the documentary and instrumental data identify the post-1990 period as the warmest in three centuries. Continuing assessment of the historical archives should result in some of the documentary records being extended back into the early sixteenth century, allowing the future development of a southern Swedish winter temperature reconstruction for the last ~500 years.
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| 10. |
- Leijonhufvud, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden between the Middle Ages and ca. 1800 CE
- 2021
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 17:5, s. 2015-2029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400-1800 CE). A database has been developed using contemporary sources, such as private and official correspondence letters, diaries, almanac notes, manorial accounts, and weather data compilations. The primary purpose is to utilize hitherto unused documentary data as an input for an index that can be useful for comparisons on a larger European scale. The survey shows that eight subperiods can be considered as having been particularly struck by summer droughts, causing concomitant harvest failures and having great social impacts in Sweden. This is the case with 1634-1639, 1652-1657, 1665-1670, 1677-1684, 1746-1750, 1757-1767, 1771-1776, and 1780-1783 CE. Within these subperiods, 1652 and 1657 stand out as particularly troublesome years. A number of data for dry summers are also found for the middle decades of the 15th century, the first decade of the 1500s, and the 1550s.
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