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- Wit, Esther M K, et al.
(författare)
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Sentinel Node Procedure in Prostate Cancer : A Systematic Review to Assess Diagnostic Accuracy
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 71:4, s. 596-605
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) is the gold standard for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases in prostate cancer (PCa). The benefit of sentinel node biopsy (SNB), which is the first draining LN as assessed by imaging of locally injected tracers, remains controversial. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of SNB in PCa. Evidence acquisition: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (1999-2016) was undertaken using PRISMA guidelines. All studies of SNB in men with PCa using PLND as reference standard were included. The primary outcomes were the nondiagnostic rate (NDR), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) rates. Relevant sensitivity analyses based on SN definitions, ePLND as reference standard, and disease risk were undertaken, including a risk of bias (RoB) assessment. Evidence synthesis: Of 373 articles identified, 21 studies recruiting a total of 2509 patients were eligible for inclusion. Median cumulative percentage (interquartile range) results were 4.1% (1.5-10.7%) for NDR, 95.2% (81.8-100%) for sensitivity, 100% (95.0-100%) for specificity, 100% (87.0-100%) for PPV, 98.0% (94.3-100%) for NPV, 0% (0-5.0%) for the FP rate, and 4.8% (0-18.2%) for the FN rate. The findings did not change significantly on sensitivity analyses. Most studies (17/22) had low RoB for index test and reference standard domains. Conclusions: SNB appears to have diagnostic accuracy comparable to ePLND, with high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, and a low FN rate. With a low FP rate (rate of detecting positive nodes outside the ePLND template), SNB may not have any additional diagnostic value over and above ePLND, although SNB appears to increase nodal yield by increasing the number of affected nodes when combined with ePLND. Thus, in high-risk disease it may be prudent to combine ePLND with SNB. Patient summary: This literature review showed a high diagnostic accuracy for sentinel node biopsy in detecting positive lymph nodes in prostate cancer, but further studies are needed to explore the effect of sentinel node biopsy on complications and oncologic outcome. The accuracy of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in detecting positive lymph nodes in prostate cancer appears to have diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). However, SNB may not have any additional diagnostic value over and above ePLND.
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- Arvidsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical and topographical analyses of dentine surfaces after Carisolv™ treatment
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 30:2-3, s. 67-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of this study was to characterise the surface chemistry of cavities after chemomechanical caries excavation, and also to measure the surface topography after caries removal with Carisolv™ or burs, followed by acid etching. Methods. Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the relative amounts of organic material and minerals of sound enamel, dentine, and cavities, after caries excavation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used for detection of Carisolv™ substances (i.e. mainly sodium hypochlorite, amino acids, and the gelling agent carboxymethyl cellulose). In total, 19 carious and 11 sound extracted teeth were used for the chemical analyses. Topographic examination of 30 carious extracted teeth was performed with a contact profilometer. Results. The relative amounts of organic material and minerals did not significantly differ between sound dentine and the cavities after caries removal with burs or Carisolv™. The FTIR analyses indicated extremely small amounts of Carisolv™ substances at the cavity surface, but the LA-ICP-MS analyses did not confirm those findings. Furthermore, the topographical parameters did not significantly differ between etched cavities after caries removal using burs or Carisolv™. Conclusions. The chemical and topographical analyses in the present study imply that any differences between the cavities after caries excavation with burs or with Carisolv™ are insignificant. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Avliakulov, NK, et al.
(författare)
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Suramin blocks nucleotide triphosphate binding to ribosomal protein L3 from Trypanoplasma borreli
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 267:6, s. 1723-1731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ribosomal protein L3 (L3) has been demonstrated to participate in formation of the peptidyltransferase center and is essential for its catalytic activity. In the present study we show that L3 is able to bind nucleotide triphosphates with high and specific affinity in vitro. L3 was serendipitously identified by screening of a genomic phage library from a primitive kinetoplastid flagellate Trypanoplasma borreli with the ATPase domain of the topoisomerase II gene as a probe. The cloned gene was overexpressed and purified as a his-tag fusion protein in E. coli. Radioligand binding experiments, using [?-35S]ATP, showed that L3 is able to bind ATP but also GTP and UTP with similar high affinity (IC50 50-100 nM), while it has no ATPase activity. Furthermore, we showed that L3 has more than 500-fold higher affinity for nucleotide triphosphates compared to the corresponding nucleotide monophosphates and diphosphates. Molecular genetic and biochemical analyses allowed us to localize the NTP binding domain of L3 to the N-terminal 296 residues. Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylamine derivative of urea, known for its chemotherapeutic effects completely inhibited the binding of [?-35S]ATP at subclinical levels. Results obtained with surface plasmon resonance technology showed that suramin both forms weak multimolecular complexes with L3 and bind strongly to L3 in nearly stoichiometric amounts.
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- Botteri, E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and risk of urothelial cell bladder cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:10, s. 1963-1970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Findings on the association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer are inconsistent. We investigated that association in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. We included 476,160 individuals mostly aged 35-70 years, enrolled in ten countries and followed for 13.9 years on average. Hazard ratios (HR) for developing urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC; 1,802 incident cases) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Alcohol consumption at baseline and over the life course was analyzed, as well as different types of beverages (beer, wine, spirits). Baseline alcohol intake was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increased risk of UCC (HR 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.06 for each additional 12 g/day). HR in smokers was 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.07). Men reporting high baseline intakes of alcohol (>96 g/day) had an increased risk of UCC (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.03-2.40) compared to those reporting moderate intakes (<6 g/day), but no dose-response relationship emerged. In men, an increased risk of aggressive forms of UCC was observed even at lower doses (>6 to 24 g/day). Average lifelong alcohol intake was not associated with the risk of UCC, however intakes of spirits>24 g/day were associated with an increased risk of UCC in men (1.38; 95% CI 1.01-1.91) and smokers (1.39; 95% CI 1.01-1.92), compared to moderate intakes. We found no association between alcohol and UCC in women and never smokers. In conclusion, we observed some associations between alcohol and UCC in men and in smokers, possibly because of residual confounding by tobacco smoking.
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- Ederth, T, et al.
(författare)
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Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on thin gold films as substrates for surface force measurements. Long-range hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic double-layer interactions
- 1998
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 14, s. 4782-4789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surfaces prepared by self-assembly of alkanethiolates onto thin (10 nm) gold films supported on glass have been used as substrates for surface force measurements between macroscopic surfaces. Surface roughness, the order in the monomolecular film, wetting properties and their stability in aqueous electrolyte solutions have been investigated using atomic force microscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Direct force measurements have been performed with a non-interferometric bimorph surface force apparatus, using surfaces with differently functionalised thiolates; measurements were made in air, water and aqueous electrolyte solutions. Results from force measurements between hydrophobic and neutral hydrophilic surfaces in air and water are presented and discussed, as well as some results from measurements with surfaces exposing carboxylic groups in various aqueous electrolyte solutions. It is demonstrated that alkanethiol monolayers self-assembled onto thin gold films on macroscopic surfaces are well suited as substrates for direct measurements of long-range surface forces. The utility of these surfaces as substrates for investigations of short-range phenomena is limited until the effect of the roughness on the adhesion between the surfaces has been properly quantified, and the contribution of the van der Waals force to the total interaction has been calculated. The latter is difficult to assess due to the large number of layers in the system, and the presence of conducting surfaces.
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