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- Bro, T., et al.
(författare)
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Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? - vision and driving in the Nordic countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X. ; 96:6, s. 623-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study describes the present legislation for visual requirements for driving in the Nordic countries in relation to the European Driving License Directive. MethodsResultsInformation about the formal legislation was gathered from each countries legal text. Further information about the implementation and common practices were achieved from national authorities in vision and driving. Even though the Nordic countries use the same framework of legislation, the implementation varies widely. Sweden and Norway have more specified visual field requirements than the others. On the other hand, no periodic testing of visual acuity (VA) is performed in Sweden as in all other Nordic countries. Physicians on Iceland are not obliged to report a person no longer fulfilling the visual requirements, as in other Nordic countries. In Denmark, Finland and Norway a person may apply for dispensation from the requirements by performing a practical driving test. In Sweden, a person applying for dispensation can undergo a traffic simulator test. ConclusionBecause of the national legislation in the Nordic countries, a person with a visual impairment may be given different permissions depending on which country they live in. As the inhabitants in the Nordic countries frequently cross the regional borders, a harmonization of the legislation would be of value. More research in this field could provide future standards, combining the greatest autonomy with the highest possible safety.
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- Cardell, Kristina, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatitis B vaccination in relatives to known non-responders : A family study
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hepatitis B can be prevented by hepatitis B vaccine in most individuals. However about 5 –10% of all individuals fail to produce a protective antibody level to hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs), after standard vaccination procedure with three vaccine doses. The mechanismsfor non-response are multi-factorial and not clearly understood. Non-response in this studywas defined as anti-HBs < 10 mIU/ml after at least 4 doses of intradermal hepatitis B vaccine.In this study we vaccinated relatives to known non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine. Thestudy subjects were chosen among relatives to non-responders with known HLA class IIhaplotypes. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was administered intradermally at 0, 1 and 6months. For those with anti-HBs <10 mIU/ml after three doses an additional dose was givenfollowed by new anti-HBs measurement. A total of 8 probands and 26 relatives wereincluded. Of the 26 relatives 15/26 (58%) responded to the vaccination schedule compared tothe expected 90-95%. This data therefore support the theory that genetic factors play animportant role in the antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine. The study population wasthough too small to conclude the role of specific genetic factors related to response and nonresponse.
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- Ekström, Curt, 1944-
(författare)
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Studies on the Epidemiology of Open-angle Glaucoma
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glaucoma is a common disease in the elderly population. Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is the predominant form of glaucoma. Chronic simple glaucoma and capsular glaucoma, characterized by the occurrence of pseudoexfoliation in the anterior eye segment, are the most frequent types of OAG. The purpose of the present thesis was to study the epidemiology of OAG in the municipality of Tierp, whose population has a high exposure to pseudoexfoliation.In a case-finding study, the prevalence of known cases of OAG by December 31, 1983 was estimated to 1.4% in people ≥45 years of age. Sixty-three percent of all cases had capsular glaucoma. Patients with advanced glaucoma were older, had had the disease for longer, had higher mean initial intraocular pressure, and had more extensive visual field defects at the time of diagnosis.A population survey of people 65–74 years of age was conducted in 1984–86. The prevalence of OAG was 5.3%. Pseudoexfoliation was found in 17%, being more common in females. Pseudoexfoliation was associated with OAG only in people previously diagnosed with the disease (odds ratio = 16). In cases detected at the survey, an intraocular pressure ≥20 mmHg was a serious risk factor of having OAG (odds ratio = 9.7).In a 5-year follow-up study of participants in the population survey, increased intraocular pressure and pseudoexfoliation were recognized as independent risk factors for the development of OAG (standardized risk ratios = 3.4 and 9.8, respectively). Interaction between increased intraocular pressure and pseudoexfoliation was indicated. By May 2006, the incidence of OAG was estimated to 7.1 per 1,000 person-years. The incidence of capsular glaucoma was more than twice that of chronic simple glaucoma.The prevalence and incidence of OAG was higher than that reported from other studies conducted on Caucasian populations. The probable explanation for this finding is exposure to pseudoexfoliation.
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| 5. |
- Ericsson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk för att prolaktinom växer under graviditet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 2012:25, s. 1226-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the results of visual field examinations during pregnancy in women with prolactinoma. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 73 women with prolactinoma (97 pregnancies) who were examined at the neuro-ophthalmologic clinic at Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset 2002-2010. Results: One of 62 women with microprolactinoma (1.2 per cent of the pregnancies and 1.6 per cent of the women) and 1 of 11 women with macroprolactinoma (9.1 per cent of the pregnancies and 7.1 per cent of the women) developed visual field defects during pregnancy due to tumour growth. Both women experienced visual symptoms. Conclusions: This study confirms that tumour growth causing visual field defects is rare during pregnancy, although more common with macro- than with microprolactinomas. Based on this and previous studies we conclude that women with microprolactinoma do not need visual field examinations during pregnancy due to a very low risk of non-symptomatic tumour growth, while for women with macroprolactinoma repeated visual field examinations during pregnancy should be considered.
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- Heijl, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic research in ophthalmology.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 83:3, s. 278-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nordic ophthalmologists and vision scientists are active in many fields of eye research. This is most evident at the biannual Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology, most recently held in Malmö in June 2004. The authors here review some of the research in vision and ophthalmology presented at this meeting or published recently by Nordic scientists. This paper does not represent a comprehensive review of all Nordic research in the field, but attempts to give an overview of some of the activities underway in eye research in this part of the world.
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