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- Gonaus, C., et al.
(författare)
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Changes Over a Decade in Anthropometry and Fitness of Elite Austrian Youth Soccer Players
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increases in physical (e.g., high-intensity running and sprinting), technical (e.g., passing rate), and tactical (e.g., player density) aspects made elite level soccer more challenging within the past years. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether these evolutions are also been reflected in changes in anthropometric and fitness characteristics between former (2002 to 2005) and current (2012 to 2015) elite Austrian youth development center (U13 to U14) and soccer academy (U15 to U18) players. A battery of anthropometric, general and soccer-specific fitness tests was conducted annually at the end of each year. Independent t-test and Cohen's d (ES) were calculated to compare the two four-year periods (2530 vs. 2611 players) at each age group separately. Current players were significantly faster in 20 m sprint (ES = 0.26-0.50) and reaction test (ES = 0.15-0.39, except for U18), but less flexible at sit- and-reach (ES = -0.19 to -0.55), in all age categories. Whereas height (ES = 0.26-0.32), body mass (ES = 0.11-0.18) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.24-0.26) increased significantly at youth development center level, current academy players performed superior at shuttle sprint (ES = 0.210.59), hurdles agility run (ES = 0.24-0.49), and endurance run (ES = 0.11-0.20). These changes over time in speed, change-of-direction ability, lower-body power, coordination, and endurance were attributed to modern training approaches (e.g., modified games and change-of-direction drills) and modifications in selection politics (e.g., coaches favor speed and decision-making skills).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kuylenstierna, D., et al.
(författare)
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VALIDATION, ACCURACY AND PRACTICAL USE OF A POWER MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING ANALYSIS – A PILOT STUDY
- 2020
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Ingår i: Karczewska-Lindinger, M., Hakkarainen, A., Linnamo, V., Lindinger, S. (2020) (Eds), Science and Skiing VIII, University of Jyväskylä. - Jyväskylä, Finland : University of Jyväskylä. - 9789513980771 ; , s. 154-161
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lindinger, Stefan J, et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical pole and leg characteristics during uphill diagonal rollerskiing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sports Biomechanics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-3141 .- 1752-6116. ; 8:4, s. 318-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagonal skiing as a major classical technique has hardly been investigated over the last two decades, although technique and racing velocities have developed substantially. The aims of the present study were to 1) analyse pole and leg kinetics and kinematics during submaximal uphill diagonal roller skiing and 2) identify biomechanical factors related to performance. Twelve elite skiers performed a time to exhaustion (performance) test on a treadmill. Joint kinematics and pole/plantar forces were recorded separately during diagonal roller skiing (98; 11 km/h). Performance was correlated to cycle length (r ¼ 0.77; P , 0.05), relative leg swing (r ¼ 0.71), and gliding time (r ¼ 0.74), hip flexion range of motion (ROM) during swing (r ¼ 0.73) and knee extension ROM during gliding (r ¼ 0.71). Push-off demonstrated performance correlations for impulse of leg force (r ¼ 0.84), relative duration (r ¼ 20.76) and knee flexion (r ¼ 0.73) and extension ROM (r ¼ 0.74). Relative time to peak pole force was associated with performance (r ¼ 0.73). In summary, diagonal roller skiing performance was linked to 1) longer cycle length, 2) greater impulse of force during a shorter push-off with larger flexion/extension ROMs in leg joints, 3) longer leg swing, and 4) later peak pole force, demonstrating the major key characteristics to be emphasised in training.
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| 6. |
- Lindinger, Stefan J, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in upper body muscle activity with increasing double poling velocities in elite cross-country skiing
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 106:3, s. 353-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) contraction is integrated in neuromuscular activation in upper body muscles during double poling in cross-country skiing. Thirteen elite skiers performed double poling roller-skiing at increasing treadmill velocities of 9, 15, 21, 27 km h(-1) and their individual maximal velocity. Elbow angle, axial pole force and surface EMG in the triceps brachii, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle were recorded. Increases in peak pole force, rate of force development and elbow flexion angular velocities were identified (P < 0.05). The mean MVC-normalized EMG amplitudes increased during the pre-activation phase before pole plant, elbow flexion and the reflex-mediated phase between 30 and 120 ms after pole plant due to velocity increases (P < 0.05). It is thus suggested that elite cross-country skiers use SSC during double poling, particularly in the triceps muscle in order to generate high forces.
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