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- Atzendorf, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Do smoking, nutrition, alcohol use, and physical activity vary between regions in Germany?-results of a cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies on lifestyle risk factors mainly focused on age- or gender-specific differences. However, lifestyle risk factors also vary across regions. Aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which prevalence rates of SNAP (smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity) vary between East and West Germany or North and South Germany.Methods: Data came from the population-representative 2015 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) comprising 9204 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. To assess an east-west or south-north gradient, two binary logistic regression models were carried out for each SNAP factor.Results: The logistic regression models revealed statistically significant differences with higher rates of at-risk alcohol consumption and lower rates of unhealthy nutrition in East Germany compared to West Germany. Significant differences between North and South Germany were found for at-risk alcohol consumption with higher rates of at-risk alcohol consumption in South Germany. Daily smoking and low physical activity were equally distributed across regions.Conclusions: The implementation of measures reducing at-risk alcohol consumption in Germany should take the identified east-west and south-north gradient into account. Since the prevalence of unhealthy nutrition was generally high, prevention and intervention measures should focus on Germany as a whole instead of specific regions.
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| 2. |
- Atzendorf, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, Illegal Drugs and Medicines : An Estimate of Consumption and Substance-Related Disorders in Germany
- 2019
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Ingår i: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. - : Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH. - 1866-0452. ; 116:35-36, s. 577-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prevalence estimates of the use of tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs, and psychoactive medications and of substance-related disorders enable an assessment of the effects of substance use on health and society.Methods: The data used for this study were derived from the 2018 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey, ESA). The sample of the German adult population comprised 9267 persons aged 18 to 64 (response rate, 42%). Population estimates were obtained by extrapolation to a total resident population of 51 544 494 people.Results: In the 30 days prior to the survey, 71.6% of the respondents (corresponding to 36.9 million persons in the population) had consumed alcohol, and 28.0% (14.4 million) had consumed tobacco. 4.0% reported having used e-cigarettes, and 0.8% reported having used heat-not-burn products. Among illegal drugs, cannabis was the most commonly used, with a 12-month prevalence of 7.1% (3.7 million), followed by amphetamines (1.2%: 619 000). The prevalence of the use of analgesics without a prescription (31.4%) was markedly higher than that of the use of prescribed analgesics (17.5%, 26.0 million); however, analgesics were taken daily less commonly than other types of medication. 13.5% of the sample (7.0 million) had at least one dependence diagnosis (12-month prevalence).Conclusion: Substance use and the consumption of psychoactive medications are widespread in the German population. Substance-related disorders are a major burden to society, with legal substances causing greater burden than illegal substances.
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| 3. |
- Delle, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of the national German quitline for smoking cessation : study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the decline in cigarette smoking prevalence during nearly the past two decades, tobacco use is still widespread in the German adult population, accounting for 125,000 deaths each year and causing tremendous social costs. To accelerate the reduction in tobacco smoking prevalence, evidence-based smoking cessation methods are pivotal to a national tobacco control strategy. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the national German Smokers Quitline offering cessation support to smokers.Methods: A total sample of 910 daily smokers, who are motivated to quit, will be recruited via an online access panel and randomly assigned to either the intervention (telephone counselling) or control condition. In the intervention group, participants will receive up to six proactive phone calls during an intervention period of approximately six weeks. The provided treatment will combine the principles of motivational interviewing and those of the cognitive behavioural approach to treating substance use. Participants in the control condition will receive a self-help brochure to support smoking cessation. Data collection will take place at baseline as well as three (post assessment) and twelve months (follow-up assessment) after baseline assessment. Primary outcome measures will include the seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 3-month and 12-month assessments as well as prolonged abstinence (abstinence over the 12 month period). Secondary outcome measures will include a change in smoking-related cognitions and coping strategies among all participants. Among non-abstainers, treatment success indicators such as a reduction in number of cigarettes smoked per day and changes in the number and duration of quit attempts after intervention start will be assessed. It is expected that after both three and twelve months, smoking cessation rates will be higher in the telephone counselling condition compared to the control condition.Discussion: The results will provide insights into the effectiveness of proactive telephone counselling by the national German Smokers Quitline.
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| 4. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the use of tobacco, alternative tobacco products, and tobacco alternatives in Germany
- 2022
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Ingår i: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. - : Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH. - 1866-0452. ; 119:31-32, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Due to the increasing use of alternative tobacco products (waterpipes, heat-not-burn) and tobacco alternatives (e-cigarettes), we studied recent changes in the prevalence of conventional tobacco use and alternative products.Methods: Data come from ten waves of the Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) from 1995 to 2021, with representative samples collected via paper-pencil questionnaires, telephone interviews, or online. We compared the prevalence of conventional tobacco use and alternative products by gender and age (18–24, 25–39, 40–59 years).Results: In all age groups, the use of conventional tobacco products decreased. The prevalence of the exclusive use of one of the three alternative products differed statistically significantly between age groups and in 2021 was higher for ages 18–24 (females: 11.1%, males: 12.4%) compared to ages 25–39 (females: 2.9%; males: 4.9%) and ages 40–59 (females: 1.4%; males: 2.0%). The use of alternative products was mainly due to the exclusive use of waterpipes among individuals aged 18 to 24 and 25 to 39 and the exclusive use of e-cigarettes among individuals aged 40 to 59.Conclusions: The higher prevalence of alternative product use among young adults implies a turning point that needs to be considered in prevention. Because of the addictive potential of these products, young adults can be expected to maintain their use into middle and older adulthood. There is a need to monitor the use of alternative products, identify the risks associated with them, and develop effective prevention and cessation interventions for adults.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Maspero, Simona, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effectiveness of the national German quitline for smoking cessation : results of a randomized controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe objective of the present study was to examine the short-term effectiveness of the national German quitline for smoking cessation.MethodsA parallel-group, two-arm, superiority, randomized controlled trial with data collection at baseline and post-intervention (three months from baseline) was conducted. Individuals were randomized to either the intervention group, receiving up to six telephone counselling calls, or the control group, receiving an active control intervention (self-help brochure). The primary outcome was the seven-day point prevalence abstinence at post-assessment. Secondary outcomes included changes in smoking-related cognitions and coping strategies from pre- to post-assessment, the perceived effectiveness of intervention components, and the satisfaction with the intervention.ResultsA total of n = 905 adult daily smokers were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 477) or the control group (n = 428). Intention-to-treat analyses demonstrated that individuals allocated to the telephone counselling condition were more likely to achieve seven-day point prevalence abstinence at post-assessment compared to those allocated to the self-help brochure condition (41.1% vs. 23.1%; OR = 2.3, 95% CI [1.7, 3.1]). Participants who received the allocated intervention in both study groups displayed significant improvements in smoking-related cognitions and coping strategies with the intervention group showing greater enhancements than the control group. This pattern was also found regarding the perceived effectiveness of intervention components and the satisfaction with the intervention.ConclusionThe present study provides first empirical evidence on the short-term effectiveness of the national German quitline for smoking cessation, highlighting its potential as an effective public health intervention to reduce the burden of disease associated with smoking.Trial registrationThis study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00025343). Date of registration: 2021/06/07.
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| 7. |
- Seitz, Nicki-Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Substance Use and Related Disorders : Analysis of the Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse 1995 to 2018
- 2019
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Ingår i: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. - : Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH. - 1866-0452. ; 116:35-36, s. 585-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Changes in the use of psychoactive substances and medications and in the occurrence of substance-related disorders enable assessment of the magnitude of the anticipated negative consequences for the population.Methods: Trends were analyzed in the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drugs, analgesics. and hypnotics/sedatives, as well as trends in substance-related disorders, as coded according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The data were derived from nine waves of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey, ESA) from 1995 to 2018. The data were collected in written form or by means of a combination of paper and internet-based questionnaires or telephone interviews.Results: The estimated prevalence rates of tobacco and alcohol consumption and the use of hypnotics/sedatives decreased over time. On the other hand, increasing prevalence rates were observed for the consumption of cannabis and other illegal drugs and the use of analgesics. The trends in substance-related disorders showed no statistically significant changes compared to the reference values for the year 2018, except for higher prevalence rates of nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse and dependence, analgesic dependence, and hypnotic/sedative dependence in the year 2012 only.Conclusion: Trends in tobacco and alcohol consumption imply a future decline in the burden to society from the morbidity, mortality, and economic costs related to these substances. An opposite development in cannabis use cannot be excluded. No increase over time was seen in the prevalence of analgesic dependence. but the observed increase in the use of analgesics demands critical attention.
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