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- Kim, H.M., et al.
(författare)
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Target cascading in vehicle redesign : A class VI truck study
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Design. - 0143-3369 .- 1741-5314. ; 29:3, s. 199-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analytical target cascading process is applied to the redesign of a U.S. class VI truck. Necessary simulation and analysis models for predicting vehicle dynamics, powertrain, and suspension behaviour are developed. Vehicle design targets that include improved fuel economy, ride quality, driveability, and performance metrics are translated into system design specifications, and a consistent final design is obtained. Trade-offs between conflicting targets are identified. The study illustrates how the analytical target cascading process can reduce vehicle design cycle time while ensuring physical prototype matching, and how costly design iterations late in the development process can be avoided
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- Kokkolaras, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation-based optimal design of heavy trucks by model-based decomposition : An extensive analytical target cascading case study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Design. Heavy Vehicle Design. - 1744-232X .- 1741-5152. ; 11:3-4, s. 403-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the findings of an extensive case study for the decomposed, simulation-based, optimal design of an advanced technology heavy truck by means of analytical target cascading. The use of a series hybridelectric propulsion system, in-hub motors, and variable height suspensions is considered with the intention of improving both commercial and military design attributes according to a dual-use philosophy. Emphasis is given to fuel economy, ride, and mobility characteristics. The latter are predicted by appropriately developed analytical and simulation models. This article builds on previous work and focuses on recent efforts to refine the applied methodologies and draw final conclusions.
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- louca, L.S., et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Target Cascading for the Design of an Advanced Technology Heavy Truck
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Division - 2002. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 0791836282 ; , s. 3-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analytical target cascading (ATC) is a methodology that can be used during the early development stages of large and complex systems for propagating desirable overall product targets to appropriate individual specifications for the various subsystems and components. The ATC process is applied to the design of an advanced technology heavy truck. A series hybrid-electric propulsion system, in-hub motors, and variable height suspensions are introduced with the intent to improve both commercial and military design attributes according to a dual-use design philosophy. Emphasis is given to fuel economy, ride, and mobility characteristics. These vehicle responses are predicted by appropriately developed analytical and simulation models. This article is an extension to previous work: the engine is now included at the bottom level, several battery types are considered to study their effect on fuel economy, and a more demanding driving schedule is used to assess regenerative braking benefits and ride quality. Results are presented for target values associated with a 100% improvement on fuel economy while maintaining performance attributes relative to existing designs.
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- Louca, Panayiotis, et al.
(författare)
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Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic : Insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. - : BMJ. - 2516-5542. ; 4:1, s. 149-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Dietary supplements may ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 infection, although scientific evidence to support such a role is lacking. We investigated whether users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app who regularly took dietary supplements were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design App-based community survey. Setting 445 850 subscribers of an app that was launched to enable self-reported information related to SARS-CoV-2 infection for use in the general population in the UK (n=372 720), the USA (n=45 757) and Sweden (n=27 373). Main exposure Self-reported regular dietary supplement usage (constant use during previous 3 months) in the first waves of the pandemic up to 31 July 2020. Main outcome measures SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by viral RNA reverse transcriptase PCR test or serology test before 31 July 2020. Results In 372 720 UK participants (175 652 supplement users and 197 068 non-users), those taking probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins or vitamin D had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 14% (95% CI (8% to 19%)), 12% (95% CI (8% to 16%)), 13% (95% CI (10% to 16%)) and 9% (95% CI (6% to 12%)), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. No effect was observed for those taking vitamin C, zinc or garlic supplements. On stratification by sex, age and body mass index (BMI), the protective associations in individuals taking probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins and vitamin D were observed in females across all ages and BMI groups, but were not seen in men. The same overall pattern of association was observed in both the US and Swedish cohorts. Conclusion In women, we observed a modest but significant association between use of probiotics, omega-3 fatty acid, multivitamin or vitamin D supplements and lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. We found no clear benefits for men nor any effect of vitamin C, garlic or zinc. Randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these observational findings before any therapeutic recommendations can be made.
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- Louca, Panayiotis, et al.
(författare)
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The secondary bile acid isoursodeoxycholate correlates with post-prandial lipemia, inflammation, and appetite and changes post-bariatric surgery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Medicine. - 2666-3791. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) influence metabolism and inflammation, and the gut microbiome modulates levels of BAs. We systematically explore the host genetic, gut microbial, and habitual dietary contribution to a panel of 19 serum and 15 stool BAs in two population-based cohorts (TwinsUK, n = 2,382; ZOE PREDICT-1, n = 327) and assess changes post-bariatric surgery and after nutritional interventions. We report that BAs have a moderately heritable genetic component, and the gut microbiome accurately predicts their levels in serum and stool. The secondary BA isoursodeoxycholate (isoUDCA) can be explained mostly by gut microbes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = ∼80%) and associates with post-prandial lipemia and inflammation (GlycA). Furthermore, circulating isoUDCA decreases significantly 1 year after bariatric surgery (β = −0.72, p = 1 × 10−5) and in response to fiber supplementation (β = −0.37, p < 0.03) but not omega-3 supplementation. In healthy individuals, isoUDCA fasting levels correlate with pre-meal appetite (p < 1 × 10−4). Our findings indicate an important role for isoUDCA in lipid metabolism, appetite, and, potentially, cardiometabolic risk.
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- Zelenika, S., et al.
(författare)
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Energy harvesting technologies for structural health monitoring of airplane components—a review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 20:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of increasing the efficiency of maintenance and fuel usage in airplanes, structural health monitoring (SHM) of critical composite structures is increasingly expected and required. The optimized usage of this concept is subject of intensive work in the framework of the EU COST Action CA18203 “Optimising Design for Inspection” (ODIN). In this context, a thorough review of a broad range of energy harvesting (EH) technologies to be potentially used as power sources for the acoustic emission and guided wave propagation sensors of the considered SHM systems, as well as for the respective data elaboration and wireless communication modules, is provided in this work. EH devices based on the usage of kinetic energy, thermal gradients, solar radiation, airflow, and other viable energy sources, proposed so far in the literature, are thus described with a critical review of the respective specific power levels, of their potential placement on airplanes, as well as the consequently necessary power management architectures. The guidelines provided for the selection of the most appropriate EH and power management technologies create the preconditions to develop a new class of autonomous sensor nodes for the in-process, non-destructive SHM of airplane components.
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