| 1. |
- Nilsson, Louise, 1973-
(author)
-
Färger, former, ljus : Svensk reklam och reklampsykologi, 1900-1930
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation examines the rise of an advertisement business in Sweden and the breakthrough of advertising psychology as a field of knowledge. The aim of the investigation is to show first, how the advertising landscape changed in Sweden and, second, how technologies were used in designing the different forms of advertisement that became integrated into media and public environments, during the period 1900-1930. The study raises questions such as: Who were the entrepreneurs behind the outbreak of psychological advertising in Sweden during the early 20th century? How did advertisement become integrated into media and urban landscapes as part of everyday life in Swedish society? How did handbooks in advertising psychology describe the effects of external visual stimuli, such as light, colors and shapes on the viewers’ consciousness and the role of such stimuli in transforming viewers to consumers? The dissertation is written within the interdisciplinary field of visual culture studies. Here the theoretical point of departure combines perspectives from media, film and art studies. Drawing on Crary’s works, the intention of my study is to highlight how such changes resulted in strategies and tools that were used in commercial business and not necessarily in the sciences. The ability to capture human attention and influence her through visual stimuli was also of great interest to trade and industry. Within commercial business the human sense of sight was perceived as an object that could be stimulated for creating consumers. I examine the development of techniques and strategies in commercial business for influencing individuals by external stimuli.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hager, Jakob, 1967-
(author)
-
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm : Aspects on how to affect mortality from rupture
- 2014
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a disease that mainly affects elderly men, and ruptured AAA (rAAA) is associated with a mortality of > 80%. AAA seldom gives any symptoms prior to rupture.The aims of this thesis were to investigate different aspects of how to affect mortality from rAAA.In Study I, we identified 849 patients treated for rAAA during 1987-2004, and studied the 30-day survival after surgery, depending on whether they came directly to the treating hospital (one-stop) or were transferred via another hospital (two-stop). A two-stop referral pattern resulted in a 27% lower population-based survival rate for patients 65-74 years of age. However, the consequences would be small even if a one-stop referral pattern could be generally accomplished, due to the huge over-all mortality related to rAAA, hence an argument to find and treat AAA before rupture, e.g. by screening.In Study II, we examined the AAA-prevalence and the risk factors for AAA among 70-year-old men. The screening-detected AAA-prevalence was 2.3%, thus less than half the predicted. The most important risk factor was smoking.In Study III, we compared the screening-detected AAA-prevalence, the attendance rate, and the rate of opportunistic detection of AAA, between almost 8000 65- and 6000 70-year-old men. There was no difference in the screening-detected prevalence; probably due to the fact that almost 40% of the AAAs among the 70-year-old were already known prior to screening, compared to roughly 25% in the 65-year-old. The attendance rate was higher among the 65-year-old men, 85.7% compared 84.0% in the 70-year-old. Thus, there is no benefit of screening for AAA among 70- instead of 65-year-old men.In Study IV, a cost-effectiveness analysis, we found that screening for AAA still appears to be cost-effective, despite profound changes in disease pattern and AAA-management.In conclusion, we found that mortality from rAAA is not affected in any substantial way by different referral patterns and hence centralisation of services for AAA/rAAA is not a solution. A better alternative is to prevent rupture through early detection by screening. Screening 65-year-old men for AAA still appears to be cost-effective, despite profound changes in disease pattern and AAA-management during the last decade. Screening 70- instead of 65-year-old men will not increase the efficacy of screening.
|
|
| 3. |
- Högstedt, Åsa, et al.
(author)
-
Characteristics and motivational factors for joining a lay responder system dispatch to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 30:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There has been in increase in the use of systems for organizing lay responders for suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) dispatch using smartphone-based technology. The purpose is to increase survival rates; however, such systems are dependent on people's commitment to becoming a lay responder. Knowledge about the characteristics of such volunteers and their motivational factors is lacking. Therefore, we explored characteristics and quantified the underlying motivational factors for joining a smartphone-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) lay responder system. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 800 consecutively recruited lay responders in a smartphone-based mobile positioning first-responder system (SMS-lifesavers) were surveyed. Data on characteristics and motivational factors were collected, the latter through a modified version of the validated survey "Volunteer Motivation Inventory" (VMI). The statements in the VMI, ranked on a Likert scale (1-5), corresponded to(a) intrinsic (an inner belief of doing good for others) or (b) extrinsic (earning some kind of reward from the act) motivational factors. Results: A total of 461 participants were included in the final analysis. Among respondents, 59% were women, 48% between 25 and 39 years of age, 37% worked within health care, and 66% had undergone post-secondary school. The most common way (44%) to learn about the lay responder system was from a CPR instructor. A majority (77%) had undergone CPR training at their workplace. In terms of motivation, where higher scores reflect greater importance to the participant, intrinsic factors scored highest, represented by the category values (mean 3.97) followed by extrinsic categories reciprocity (mean 3.88) and self-esteem (mean 3.22). Conclusion: This study indicates that motivation to join a first responder system mainly depends on intrinsic factors, i.e. an inner belief of doing good, but there are also extrinsic factors, such as earning some kind of reward from the act, to consider. Focusing information campaigns on intrinsic factors may be the most important factor for successful recruitment. When implementing a smartphone-based lay responder system, CPR instructors, as a main information source to potential lay responders, as well as the workplace, are crucial for successful recruitment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lindberg, Therese, 1986-
(author)
-
Discrete Event Simulation of Bus Terminals
- 2019
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Public transport is important to society as it provides spatial accessibility and reduces congestion and pollution in comparison to other motorized modes. To assure a high-quality service, all parts of the system need to be well-functioning and properly planned. One important aspect for the system's bus terminals is their capacity. This needs to be high enough to avoid congestion and queues and the delays these may lead to. During planning processes, various suggested designs and solutions for a terminal need to be evaluated. Estimating capacity and how well the suggestions will function is a challenging problem, however. It requires analysis of complex interactions and behaviour of the vehicles. This sort of analyses can preferably be carried out using microsimulation. Furthermore, a discrete event simulation approach can make use of the fact that the path of a vehicle through a terminal can readily be described by a sequence of events (such as arriving, starting to drive to a stop etc.).The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate how discrete event simulation can be used to evaluate bus terminal design and traffic control policies. The main contribution is the development of a method for bus terminal simulation. As a first step, a discrete event simulation model of a combined bus and tram stop is formulated. The model is tested on a real system where the current design is compared to an alternative one. The test shows that a model developed with a discrete event approach can be used to evaluate the situation at a stop and compare design alternatives. In the next step, a general discrete event simulation model of bus terminals is formulated. A modular approach is introduced, where a terminal can be constructed from a set of module building blocks. Another important contribution of the model is its spatial resolution that allows for queues and blockages to occur throughout the terminal. By applying the simulation model in a case study, it is shown that the model can be used to evaluate and compare various scenarios related to the layout, number of passengers and the outside traffic situation. Lastly, the bus terminal simulation model is used in a second case study in order to compare model output with empirical data. This study identified a number of factors that may have had an influence on differences between observations and simulation results and that is of interest to look further into. This includes the actual adherence to terminal rules and the effects of model parameters.
|
|
| 5. |
- Persson, Mathias, 1975-
(author)
-
Det nära främmande : Svensk lärdom och politik i en tysk tidning, 1753-1792
- 2009
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation analyzes the representations of Swedish learning and politics in the well-known review journal Göttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen during the time period 1753–1792. The overarching purpose is to investigate how a European country could be imagined and put to use in a nearby state, where it had the status of a proximate “other”. The dissertation conceptualizes Anzeigen as a collective agent, as a node in the vibrant Swedish–Hanoverian networks, and as a conduit for the interaction between cosmopolitan and patriotic sensibilities in the eighteenth century. The analysis shows that Sweden and Swedish men of erudition were usually represented in a positive manner due to the potential or actual usefulness of inspirational and imitation-worthy Swedish experiences, the transnational network exchanges, and Anzeigen’s identification with Swedish estate society, especially its upper echelons. In addition, the journal perceived Sweden as closely related to Germany in terms of history, culture, and language, which meant that the northern kingdom was both “the same” and “the other”. Anzeigen thus identified with Sweden on several levels, although its nature and climate, the Lapps, and the remaining Baltic provinces–Swedish Pomerania and Wismar–constituted a basis for representations of Sweden as “the other”. From a theoretical point of view, the dissertation challenges traditional, nation-oriented history writing as well as research efforts characterized by the explicit or implicit axiom that representations of otherness are necessarily negative and oppressive. The investigation into Anzeigen’s reporting on Sweden also suggests the existence of a transaction system alongside the Hanoverian–Swedish networks, a “patriotic–cosmopolitan economy”, through which national and particularistic experiences could become universal phenomena and be transferred to different, equally national and particularistic, settings.
|
|
