| 1. |
- Andersson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Employer attitudes toward hiring persons with disabilities : A vignette study in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1052-2263 .- 1878-6316. ; 43:1, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Individuals with disabilities are often far removed from the labour market and research shows that employers’ negative attitudes toward persons with disabilities create a barrier to attaining employment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate Swedish employers’ experiences and attitudes toward hiring persons with various disabilities. METHODS: A vignette method with accompanying questions was used. A total of 212 employers, who were actively seeking to hire, were recruited via an online employment site and participated in the study. RESULTS: The results indicated that there is some interest for employers to hire persons with disabilities and that this depended on the type of disability a person has. Other results demonstrated that previous experience of employing persons with disabilities was linked to greater interest in hiring, that employers had greater interest to hire than they thought other employers had, and that openness about the disability was deemed as an important factor in the hiring process. CONCLUSION: The novelty of this study is its use of a vignette design to investigate employers’ attitudes in Sweden. Moreover, the results are much in line with international research. This contributes to knowledge and development of increasing employment for persons with disabilities. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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After upper secondary school : Young adults with intellectual disability not involved in employment, education or daily activity in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - Stockholm : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 20:1, s. 50-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited knowledge about young persons with intellectual disability who are Not in Employment, Education or Daily activity (NEED) in Sweden. The aim of the study was to explore the post-upper secondary school situation for persons with intellectual disability not involved in traditional occupations. A national database containing 2955 persons, representing 24.1% of the total (N=12,269) was used. The results revealed a heterogeneous group where financial support was common and few made use of disability services. Gender, municipality, programme type, financial support and disability services were significantly associated with not having an occupation as opposed to being in employment, education or daily activity. Time was a central factor, as the early years after upper secondary school appear to be an important period for changing NEED status. This is the first large scale study to describe these persons not involved in traditional occupations in Sweden and further research is required.
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| 3. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Disability day programs for people with intellectual disability : Characteristics and long-term perspectives
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. - London : Sage Publications. - 1744-6295 .- 1744-6309.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited knowledge regarding people with intellectual disability and their occupations in Sweden. The aim of the study was to examine young adults with intellectual disability who after secondary school participate in disability day programs (daily activity), with a focus on characteristics and longitudinal analyses of movements between occupations. The study used a national register of 26,908 people with intellectual disability, of which 13,128 individuals (48.8%) participated in daily activity. The group had slightly more men than women, many had attended individual programs in school, and significant associations were found between background factors and participating in daily activity. Proportions in daily activity remained stable over time; however, some individuals transitioned to employment or no known occupation. The study presents national and longitudinal understanding, highlighting the dominance of daily activity as an occupation. Further research is needed to increase knowledge on meaningful occupations for people with intellectual disability. © The Author(s) 2024.
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| 4. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-
(författare)
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Falling through the cracks. A study on young adults with intellectual disability not involved in employment, education or daily activity
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The time after finishing secondary school is marked by changes and milestones of adulthood. There is increased attention and knowledge that for some individuals in the general population, the time after secondary school consists of not participating in an occupation. However, there is limited knowledge and research on young adults with intellectual disability who after special upper secondary school find themselves in this situation. In this thesis, these individuals are referred to as Not in Employment, Education, or Daily activity(NEED). The general aim of the thesis is to increase knowledge about young adults with intellectual disability who after upper secondary school are NEED, by providing deeper understanding and analysis of the target group’s characteristics and associations with NEED status, as well as to study the subjective experiences of becoming and being NEED. This is a compilation thesis consisting of two studies that have led to four articles, as well as an introductory comprehensive summary. The four articles have different focuses but together provide a nuanced understanding of the target group.The first study is a register study, which is the basis for article I and II. The register study used the national Halmstad University Register for Pupils with Intellectual Disability (HURPID) and two other Swedish registers to conduct statistical analyses. Article I explored the situation after USSID for the NEED group in terms of background factors, financial support and the use of disability services. The findings showed the heterogeneity of the group. Many had financial supports, but few used disability services. Moreover, background factors, financial support and use of disability services had various significant associations with not having an occupation. Article II described and analyzed the group’s family situation and how this relates to not participating in an occupation as opposed to being in an occupation of employment, education or daily activity. Family situation in the target group varied depending on sex, age, and immigrant background. Regression analyses illustrated the significance of family situation to occupational status; however the results differed between men and women. Factors of partnerships and having children were found to be associated with not participating in an occupation for women, but not for men. The second study is an interview study that is the basis for article III and IV. Interviews were conducted with 10 participants from the target group and these were analyzed with thematic analyses. Article III analyzed first-hand experiences of becoming and being NEED, and encounters with agencies and institutions. The results indicated that the experience of not having an occupation is influenced by individual and environmental factors. It was common to experience limited post-school occupations, face challenges with finding an occupation, and difficulties with navigating and attaining appropriate formal support. The experiences of not being involved in an occupation is discussed as a form of social exclusion. Article IV examined the group’s social relationships, networks and experiences of belonging. The results found that individuals had social relationships and networks in informal domains (family, friends, partners), but also in organized settings (the support and service system, recreational activities). These relationships provided feelings of acceptance, support, and care which all related to a sense of belonging. However, within their experiences of belonging these individuals were simultaneously striving for increased independence. This duality between belonging and independence at times clashed, as well as was influenced and amplified by dimensions surrounding having an intellectual disability.The overall empirical findings are analyzed through the use of ecological systems theory, and theories of social exclusion and belonging. An ecological approach allows for organizing and identifying different aspects of the environment, characteristics of the individual as well as interactions occurring between them, that help in understanding becoming and being NEED. Social exclusion and belonging more closely examine different perspectives of not having an occupation. These concepts are regarded as existing on a continuum where individuals in the target group can experience varying degrees of both, depending on context and situation. Within both social exclusion and belonging, some people with intellectual disability are displaying an active choice. These individuals are resisting categorization by choosing to not partake in the supports and settings associated with an intellectual disability. The conclusion of this thesis is that young adults with intellectual disability who are not participating in an occupation is a complex phenomenon. To understand this more in-depth many different factors, interactions and experiences have to be considered. There is a great need to develop resources and services that have a holistic approach that also fit with individual needs and desires, in order to better promote participation and prevent individuals from falling through the cracks.
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| 5. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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‘Just Because One has Attended a Special Class Does Not Mean that One Isn’t Capable’ : The Experiences of Becoming and Being Not Involved in Traditional Occupations for Young People with Intellectual Disability
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - Philadelphia, PA : Routledge. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 10:4, s. 330-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young adults with intellectual disability face challenges in securing post-secondary school occupations. This can result in being Not in Employment, Education, or Daily activity (NEED). This qualitative interview study analyzes the subjective experiences of the process to becoming and being NEED. The analysis focuses on individual as well as structural factors, and how these are experienced in different arenas in society and in interactions with agencies. Interviews with 10 participants followed by thematic analysis were conducted. The results indicate that the process from secondary school to being outside of traditional occupations is not linear. Individual factors such as desires, abilities, and health problems, combined with structural factors of limited or unsuitable post-school occupations and challenges with formal support contribute to understanding people with intellectual disability who are NEED. The experiences of being NEED relate to social exclusion underlined with notions of normality and stigmatization of having an intellectual disability. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 6. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-
(författare)
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The Experience of Belonging of Young People with Intellectual Disability not Participating in Traditional Occupations
- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the experiences of social relationships, networks, and living situations of young people with intellectual disability who are not participating in traditional occupations, and how these relationships and networks are conditions for belonging. The target group is termed “NEED”, Not in Employment, Education or Daily activity. Semi-structured interviews with 10 participants were conducted. Through the use of thematic analysis, the findings show that the participants’ social networks consist of informal relationships and organized settings and activities, and these are central in the experience of belonging. These relationships are often highlighted as providing positive feelings related to a sense of belonging; while some relationships, with mothers and professionals in the support and service system, have an added practical function with everyday assistance. Simultaneously, young people are seeking greater independence, which at times influences and impedes belonging. Together the study illustrates the complexity and multidimensionality in the experience of belonging.
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| 7. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-
(författare)
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Young Adults with Intellectual Disability Not Participating in Employment, Education or Daily Activity : Social Relationships and Experiences of Belonging
- 2024
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Ingår i: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research. - New Delhi : Sage Publications. - 1103-3088 .- 1741-3222.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sense of belonging can be created through social relationships with other people but also through engagement in arenas such as work, school or leisure activities. The aim of the study was to examine the social relationships of young adults with intellectual disability who are not in employment, education or daily activity, as well as how these relationships are conditions for experiences of belonging. Semi-structured interviews with 10 individuals were conducted followed by thematic analysis. The results show that despite not having a daily occupation, the target group has meaningful social relationships that are informal (family, friends and online) and organized (professionals and leisure activities) in nature. These relationships contribute to a sense of belonging. Moreover, aspects related to having an intellectual disability, to being a young adult and their occupational status influence the groups’ relationships and experiences of belonging. © 2024 The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Luthra, Renee, 1985-
(författare)
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Young adults with intellectual disability who are not in employment, education, or daily activities : Family situation and its relation to occupational status
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cogent Social Sciences. - Abingdon : Cogent OA. - 2331-1886. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In the modern labour market entering and maintaining employment is challenging for youth in general. Young adults with intellectual disability face major difficulties in establishing an occupation. A substantial group of young adults with intellectual disability who are Not in Employment, Education or Daily activity (NEED) have been identified. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the family situation for those who are NEED.Materials and methods: A national database with 12,269 persons was used, where 24.1% (N = 2,955) of the total were NEED. Family situation in terms of civil status, having children, and living with one’s parents, along with background factors were examined.Results: Family situation and background factors have significant associations with not having, as opposed to having, an occupation (employment, education, or daily activity), but differ for men and women. For example, partnerships and having children were only significant for women.Conclusions: This study contributes to the multidimensionality in understanding young people with intellectual disability who are not participating in traditional occupations, where the family situation is an important aspect. This knowledge can contribute to future research and be useful in practice to develop holistic supports that increase participation in occupations.
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