| 1. |
- Malmberg, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic characterization of a novel adenovirus detected in captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) suffering from self-limiting gastroenteritis
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adenoviruses have a wide host range and are common pathogens in vertebrates. In cetaceans, adenoviruses have only rarely been detected and correlated with disease. A novel adenovirus was recently detected in captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) suffering from self-limiting gastroenteritis. The initial analysis of partial pol and hexon gene sequences indicated that this was a hitherto unknown adenovirus with less than 80% sequence identity to previously published sequences. The aim of this study was to further genetically characterize this novel adenovirus using a high-throughput sequencing approach for whole-genome sequencing. Fecal samples from affected bottlenose dolphins were collected as previously described. Samples were homogenized and centrifuged through filters with 0.22 μm pores. To remove non-viral DNA the filtrate was treated with DNase and RNase prior to DNA extraction. Nextera XT sequencing libraries were sequenced at the MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were assembled using the MIRA assembler. The longest contigs were used to identify the most similar reference genome using BLASTn. To generate a draft consensus sequence, matching contigs were aligned against the reference genome using CodonCode Aligner software. The complete genome sequence was verified using PCR and Sanger sequencing. The analysis of phylogenetic relationships was conducted in MEGA 5 [2]. Gene prediction and annotation were used using PROKKA, MAKER and GeneMark.hmm with heuristic models. High-throughput sequencing allowed the recovery of the complete sequence of Bottlenose dolphin Adenovirus-1 (BdAdV-1). The sequence is 34 040bp and has an ITR of about 220bp. A total of 26 coding sequences were identified out of which 3 were assigned as hypothetical and 23 were functionally annotated. The homology analysis indicates that the most similar genome is the Bottlenose dolphin Adenovirus 2 (KR024710) (71% identity), followed by the California sea lion adenovirus 1 (KJ563221), and then Bovine adenovirus type 2 (AF252854). We here describe the complete sequence of a recently identified adenovirus associated with gastroenteritis in dolphins. This virus is clearly different from previously published adenoviruses, demonstrating less than 72% sequence identity. A more in-depth analysis of the obtained sequence data and predicted proteins should allow predictions to be made regarding e.g. tropism. The study also demonstrate the usefulness of high-throughput sequencing to obtain full-length genomes of genetically divergent viruses.
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| 3. |
- Bäcklund, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing psychopathological symptoms, life satisfaction, and personality traits between the WHO and APA frameworks of gaming disorder symptoms: A psychometric investigation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 65:4, s. 665-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association and Gaming Disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization requires consistent psychological measures for reliable estimates. The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT), the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), and the Five-Item Gaming Disorder Test (GDT-5) and to compare the WHO and the APA frameworks of gaming disorder symptoms in terms of psychopathological symptoms, life satisfaction, and personality traits.Methods: A sample of 723 Swedish gamers was recruited (29.8% women, 68.3% men, 1.9% other, Mage = 29.50 years, SD = 8.91).Results: The results indicated notable differences regarding the estimated possible risk groups between the two frameworks. However, the association between gaming disorder symptoms and personality traits, life satisfaction, and psychopathological symptoms appeared consistent across the two frameworks. The results showed excellent psychometric properties in support of the one-factor model of the GDT, IGDT-10, and GDT-5, including good reliability estimates (McDonald's omega) and evidence of construct validity. Additionally, the results demonstrated full gender and age measurement invariance of the GDT, IGDT-10, and GDT-5, indicating that gaming disorder symptoms are measured equally across the subgroups.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the IGDT-10, GDT-5, and GDT are appropriate measures for assessing gaming disorder symptoms and facilitating future research in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Davies, Melvyn B, et al.
(författare)
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Is our Sun a singleton?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949. ; T130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All stars are formed in some form of cluster or association. These environments can have a much higher number density of stars than the field of the galaxy. Such crowded places are hostile environments: a large fraction of initially single stars will undergo close encounters with other stars or exchange into binaries. We describe how such close encounters and exchange encounters will affect the properties of a planetary system around a single star. We define singletons as single stars which have never suffered close encounters with other stars or spent time within a binary system. It may be that planetary systems similar to our own solar system can only survive around singletons. Close encounters or the presence of a stellar companion will perturb the planetary system, leading to strong planet-planet interactions, often leaving planets on tighter and more eccentric orbits. Thus, planetary systems which initially resembled our own solar system may later more closely resemble the observed exoplanetary systems.
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| 5. |
- Davies, Melvyn B, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Stellar Collisions in the Galactic Center
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Galactic Center: A Window on the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies. - 9781583817582 ; 439, s. 212-221
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider whether stellar collisions can explain the observed depletion of red giants in the Galactic center. We model the stellar population with two different IMFs: 1) the Miller-Scalo and 2) a much flatter IMF. In the former case, low-mass main-sequence stars dominate the population, and collisions are unable to remove red giants out to 0.4 pc although brighter red giants much closer in may be depleted via collisions with stellar-mass black holes. For a much flatter IMF, the stellar population is dominated by compact remnants (i.e. black holes, white dwarfs and neutron stars). The most common collisions are then those between main-sequence stars and compact remnants. Such encounters are likely to destroy the main-sequence stars and thus prevent their evolution into red giants. In this way, the red-giant population could be depleted out to 0.4 pc matching observations. If this is the case, it implies the Galactic center contains a much larger population of stellar-mass black holes than would be expected from a regular IMF. This may in turn have implications for the formation and growth of the central supermassive black hole.
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| 6. |
- Elbe, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Computerized Cognitive Interventions for Adults With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 37:5, s. 519-530
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Treatments for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are understudied, compared to children and adolescents with the same condition. In this systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the outcomes of computerized cognitive training (CCT) interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including adults with ADHD.Method: Cognitive outcomes and ADHD symptom severity were analyzed separately. In addition, the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities was used to categorize outcome variables into subdomains, which were analyzed separately in a subsequent analysis.Results: The results revealed a small positive change in overall cognitive functioning, a measure of all cognitive outcomes in each study, for individuals who took part in CCT compared to controls (k = 9, Hedge’s g = 0.235, 95% CI [0.002, 0.467], p = 0.048, τ2 = 0.000, I2 = 0.000). However, neither symptom severity nor specific cognitive outcomes (executive functioning, cognitive speed, or working memory) showed a significant improvement.Conclusions: We analyzed the risk of bias in the chosen studies and discuss the findings in terms of effect size. It is concluded that CCT has a small positive effect in adults with ADHD. Due to the lack of heterogeneity in intervention designs across the included studies, increased heterogeneity in future studies could help inform clinicians about the aspects of CCT, such as training type and length, that are most beneficial for this group.
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| 7. |
- Fernández-Remolar, David C., et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling microbial preservation under hyperacidic and oxidizing conditions in the Oligocene Rio Tinto deposit
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preservation of biosignatures on Mars is largely associated with extensive deposits of clays formed under mild early Noachian conditions (> 3.9 Ga). They were followed by widespread precipitation of acidic sulfates considered adverse for biomolecule preservation. In this paper, an exhaustive mass spectrometry investigation of ferric subsurface materials in the Rio Tinto gossan deposit (~ 25 Ma) provides evidence of well-preserved molecular biosignatures under oxidative and acidic conditions. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) analysis shows a direct association between physical-templating biological structures and molecular biosignatures. This relation implies that the quality of molecular preservation is exceptional and provides information on microbial life formerly operating in the shallow regions of the Rio Tinto subsurface. Consequently, low-pH oxidative environments on Mars could also record molecular information about ancient life in the same way as the Noachian clay-rich deposits.
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Ronny K, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Association between guidelines and medical practitioners' perception of best management for patients attending with an apparently uncomplicated acute sore throat: a cross-sectional survey in five countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate the relationship between guidelines and the medical practitioners' perception of optimal care for patients attending with an apparently uncomplicated acute sore throat in five countries (Australia, Germany, Sweden, UK and USA). Design International cross-sectional survey. Setting Primary healthcare (PHC). Participants Medical practitioners working in PHC. Main outcome measures ORs for: (A) perception of throat swabs as important, (B) perception of blood tests (C reactive protein, B-ESR and B-leucocytes) as important and (C) antibiotic prescriptions if no pathogenic bacteria isolated on throat swab. Results Guidelines differed significantly; those recommending throat swabs (Sweden and USA) were associated with practitioners perceiving them as important. The UK guideline was the only one actively discouraging the use of throat swabs. Hence, compared with the USA (reference), a throat swab showing no pathogenic bacteria increased the probability of antibiotic prescribing in the UK with OR 3.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 6.1) for adults, whereas it reduced the probability in Sweden for adults OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.96) and children 0.19 (95% CI 0.069 to 0.50). Conclusions The differences between practitioners' perceptions of best management were associated with their guidelines. It remains unclear if guidelines influenced medical practitioners' perception or if guidelines merely reflect the consensus of current practice. A larger effort should be made to reach an international consensus in high-income countries about the best management of patients attending for an uncomplicated acute sore throat.
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