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| 2. |
- Kivimäki, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia : three analyses of population cohort studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between cognitively stimulating work and subsequent risk of dementia and to identify protein pathways for this association.DESIGN: Multicohort study with three sets of analyses.SETTING: United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States.PARTICIPANTS: Three associations were examined: cognitive stimulation and dementia risk in 107 896 participants from seven population based prospective cohort studies from the IPD-Work consortium (individual participant data meta-analysis in working populations); cognitive stimulation and proteins in a random sample of 2261 participants from one cohort study; and proteins and dementia risk in 13 656 participants from two cohort studies.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive stimulation was measured at baseline using standard questionnaire instruments on active versus passive jobs and at baseline and over time using a job exposure matrix indicator. 4953 proteins in plasma samples were scanned. Follow-up of incident dementia varied between 13.7 to 30.1 years depending on the cohort. People with dementia were identified through linked electronic health records and repeated clinical examinations.RESULTS: During 1.8 million person years at risk, 1143 people with dementia were recorded. The risk of dementia was found to be lower for participants with high compared with low cognitive stimulation at work (crude incidence of dementia per 10 000 person years 4.8 in the high stimulation group and 7.3 in the low stimulation group, age and sex adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.92, heterogeneity in cohort specific estimates I2=0%, P=0.99). This association was robust to additional adjustment for education, risk factors for dementia in adulthood (smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, job strain, obesity, hypertension, and prevalent diabetes at baseline), and cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke) before dementia diagnosis (fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98). The risk of dementia was also observed during the first 10 years of follow-up (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.95) and from year 10 onwards (0.79, 0.66 to 0.95) and replicated using a repeated job exposure matrix indicator of cognitive stimulation (hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increase 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.86). In analysis controlling for multiple testing, higher cognitive stimulation at work was associated with lower levels of proteins that inhibit central nervous system axonogenesis and synaptogenesis: slit homologue 2 (SLIT2, fully adjusted β -0.34, P<0.001), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 (CHSTC, fully adjusted β -0.33, P<0.001), and peptidyl-glycine α-amidating monooxygenase (AMD, fully adjusted β -0.32, P<0.001). These proteins were associated with increased dementia risk, with the fully adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD being 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.28) for SLIT2, 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) for CHSTC, and 1.04 (0.97 to 1.13) for AMD.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of dementia in old age was found to be lower in people with cognitively stimulating jobs than in those with non-stimulating jobs. The findings that cognitive stimulation is associated with lower levels of plasma proteins that potentially inhibit axonogenesis and synaptogenesis and increase the risk of dementia might provide clues to underlying biological mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Pendrill, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Friktion – experiment med klossar och rutschkanor : enkel modell eller komplicerad verklighet?
- 2014
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Ingår i: LMNT-nytt. - 1402-0041. ; :2, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Friktion spelar en stor roll i vardagslivet. Från rutschbanan har barn erfarenheter av friktion, och av hur den kan variera med olika material. Dessa erfarenheter kan vara utgångspunkt för elevers fördjupande undersökningar. Den enkla modellen, F=N, för friktion leder till överraskande konsekvenser som barn kan upptäcka genom enkla experiment. Denna artikel berättar om hur 11-åringar, tillsammans med lärare, planerar och genomför undersökningar om friktion och hur de uppföljande diskussionerna bidrar till kunskapsbildningen. Vilka aspekter av friktion kunde de urskilja? Vilken förståelse visar de - och utvecklar - under sina undersökningar och under de samman- fattande diskussionerna med läraren? Vi diskuterar också hur undersökningarna ka n knytas till styrdokument, både avseende kraft och rörelse och naturvetenskapens karaktär.
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| 4. |
- Pendrill, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Friktion – experiment med klossar och rutschkanor : enkel modell eller komplicerad verklighet?
- 2014
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Ingår i: LMNT-nytt. - 1402-0041. ; :2, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Friktion spelar en stor roll i vardagslivet. Från rutschbanan har barn erfarenheter av friktion, och av hur den kan variera med olika material. Dessa erfarenheter kan vara utgångspunkt för elevers fördjupande undersökningar. Den enkla modellen, F=N, för friktion leder till överraskande konsekvenser som barn kan upptäcka genom enkla experiment. Denna artikel berättar om hur 11-åringar, tillsammans med lärare, planerar och genomför undersökningar om friktion och hur de uppföljande diskussionerna bidrar till kunskapsbildningen. Vilka aspekter av friktion kunde de urskilja? Vilken förståelse visar de - och utvecklar - under sina undersökningar och under de samman- fattande diskussionerna med läraren? Vi diskuterar också hur undersökningarna ka n knytas till styrdokument, både avseende kraft och rörelse och naturvetenskapens karaktär.
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| 5. |
- Pendrill, Ann-Marie, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Motion on an inclined plane and the nature of science : Rörelse på lutande plan och naturvetenskapens karaktär
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 49:2, s. 180-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friction is an important phenomenon in everyday life. All children are familiar with playground slides, which may thus be a good starting point for investigating friction. Motion on an inclined plane is a standard physics example. This paper presents investigations of friction by a group of 11-year olds. How did they plan their investigations? What aspects of friction could they discern? What understanding of the nature of science was revealed - and developed - during their investigations and subsequent discussions with the teacher?
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| 6. |
- Pendrill, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Motion on an inclined plane and the nature of science
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - : IOP Publishing Ltd.. - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 49:2, s. 180-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friction is an important phenomenon in everyday life. All children are familiar with playground slides, which may thus be a good starting point for investigating friction. Motion on an inclined plane is a standard physics example. This paper presents an investigation of friction by a group of 11-yearolds. How did they plan their investigations? What aspects of friction could they discern? What understanding of the nature of science was revealed—and developed—during their investigation and subsequent discussion with the teacher?
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| 7. |
- Pendrill, Ann-marie, et al.
(författare)
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The equivalence principle comes to school : falling objects and other middle school investigations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 49:4, s. 425-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparing two objects falling together is a small-scale version of Galileo's classical experiment, demonstrating the equivalence between gravitational and inertial mass. We present here investigations by a group of ten-year-olds, who used iPads to record the drops. The movie recordings were essential in the follow-up discussions, enabling the students to compare the different situations and to discern situations where air resistance was essential and where it could be neglected. By considering a number of familiar situations and simple investigations that can be performed, e.g., on a playground, students may come closer to an appreciation of the deep significance of the non-influence of mass on motion under gravity.
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| 8. |
- Pendrill, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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The equivalence principle comes to school : falling objects and other middle school investigations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - : IOP Publishing Ltd.. - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 49:4, s. 425-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparing two objects falling together is a small-scale version of Galileo's classical experiment, demonstrating the equivalence between gravitational and inertial mass. We present here investigations by a group of ten-year-olds, who used iPads to record the drops. The movie recordings were essential in the follow-up discussions, enabling the students to compare the different situations and to discern situations where air resistance was essential and where it could be neglected. By considering a number of familiar situations and simple investigations that can be performed, e.g., on a playground, students may come closer to an appreciation of the deep significance of the non-influence of mass on motion under gravity.
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| 9. |
- Pendrill, Ann-Marie, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The equivalence principle comes to school – falling objects and other middle school investigations : Ekvivalensprincipen kommer till skolan - fallande föremål och andra undersökningar i mellanstadiet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 49:4, s. 425-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparing two objects falling together is a small-scale version of Galileo's classical experiment, demonstrating the equivalence between gravitational and inertial mass. We present here investigations by a group of 10-year olds, who used iPads to record the drops. The movie recordings were essential in the follow-up discussions, enabling the students to compare the different situations and to discern situations where air resistance was essential and where it could be neglected. By considering a number of familiar situations and simple investigations that can be performed e.g. on a playground, students may come closer to an appreciation of the deep significance of the non-influence of mass on motion under gravity.
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