| 1. |
- Krajnovic, Sinisa, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow around a Simplified Train Moving through a Crosswind Flow
- 2012
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Ingår i: Civil-Comp Proceedings. - Stirlingshire, UK : Civil-Comp Press. - 1759-3433. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from large eddy simulation (LES) of the flow around a simplified train model moving through a crosswind flow. The results are compared with the experimental data from previous experimental study by Suzuki et al. [1] who used a model train with 1/60 scale that was moved along a 4m linear guide rail placed in front of a wind tunnel nozzle. The train in the present numerical work is stationary and the influence of the train movement is simulated by changing the boundary conditions. In addition to the simulation of the flow around the moving model, another simulation of the flow around a steady model influenced by the maximum crosswind from the moving case was made and the results are compared with the moving case. Comparison of the LES results with the experimental data from [1] showed good agreement proving that LES is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic change of the aerodynamic coefficients caused by the motion of the model through the wind profile. The aerodynamic moments and forces are computed and the results from the dynamic and the steady case were compared. Overshoots in several aerodynamic coefficients of the moving case over the steady case were observed. The yawing moment coefficient displayed an overshoot of some 30% indicating the importance of performing the dynamic tests for the purpose of satisfying the safety conditions. The large difference between the front and the rear part of the body in the distribution of the flow structures attached to the lee side of the body were found to cause the overshoot in the yawing moment signal during the dynamic case simulations. The instantaneous trailing vortices responsible for much of the aerodynamic stability of the vehicle when it enters the crosswind region were analysed. Several differences between the trailing vortices resulting from the dynamic and the steady cases were observed. These flow structures were found have a shape that changed during the cross flow passage. During their evolution, some of them obtained, for some time instances, the shape of the vortices in the steady case while other (such as the trailing vortex around the lower front edge) never reached exactly the same shape of the structure as in the steady case.
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| 2. |
- Lázár, László, et al.
(författare)
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Strong Binding of C-Glycosylic1,2-Thiodisaccharides to Galectin-3─Enthalpy-Driven Affinity Enhancement by Water-Mediated Hydrogen Bonds
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - 1520-4804. ; 66:17, s. 12420-12431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectin-3 is involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and diabetes, and it is a validated pharmaceutical target for the development of novel therapeutic agents to address unmet medical needs. Novel 1,2-thiodisaccharides with a C-glycosylic functionality were synthesized by the photoinitiated thiol-ene click reaction of O-peracylated 1-C-substituted glycals and 1-thio-glycopyranoses. Subsequent global deprotection yielded test compounds, which were studied for their binding to human galectin-3 by fluorescence polarization and isothermal titration calorimetry to show low micromolar K d values. The best inhibitor displayed a K d value of 8.0 μM. An analysis of the thermodynamic binding parameters revealed that the binding Gibbs free energy (Δ G) of the new inhibitors was dominated by enthalpy (Δ H). The binding mode of the four most efficient 1,2-thiodisaccharides was also studied by X-ray crystallography that uncovered the unique role of water-mediated hydrogen bonds in conferring enthalpy-driven affinity enhancement for the new inhibitors. This 1,2-thiodisaccharide-type scaffold represents a new lead for galectin-3 inhibitor discovery and offers several possibilities for further development.
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| 3. |
- Maya, Roni, et al.
(författare)
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A hull reconstruction-reprojection method for pose estimation of free-flying fruit flies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 226:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the mechanisms of insect flight requires high quality data of free-flight kinematics, e.g., for comparative studies or genetic screens. While recent improvements in high-speed videography allow us to acquire large amounts of free-flight data, a significant bottleneck is automatically extracting accurate body and wing kinematics. Here, we present an experimental system and a hull reconstruction-reprojection algorithm for measuring the flight kinematics of fruit flies. The experimental system can automatically record hundreds of flight events per day. Our algorithm resolves a significant portion of the occlusions in this system by a reconstruction-reprojection scheme that integrates information from all cameras. Wing and body kinematics, including wing deformation, are then extracted from the hulls of the wing boundaries and body. This model-free method is fully automatic, accurate and open-source, and can be readily adjusted for different camera configurations or insect species.
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| 4. |
- Naderehvandi, Khashayar, 1980
(författare)
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Judiska frågor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Helsingborgs Dagblad, 2012-12-17. - 1103-9388.
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En främling kommer förr eller senare bete sig som om han eller hon vore på maskerad. Det gäller att göra sig så lik majoritetsmänniskorna som det bara...
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| 5. |
- Schei, Ane, 1960-
(författare)
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A colocação pronominal na língua literária contemporânea do português brasileiro
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is a well-known fact that the placement of object clitic pronouns in spoken Brazilian Portuguese deviates from the rules given in prescriptive grammars of the Portuguese language, and that these grammars mainly reflect the realities of the European variety of Portuguese. What is less well known is to what extent the use of written, and, in particular, literary Brazilian Portuguese is in accordance with prescriptive grammar. In this study, clitic pronoun placement as described in grammar books is contrasted with the use found in a corpus consisting of six contemporary Brazilian novels. The method used is a predominantly quantitative analysis based on a variationist approach.Evidence is presented that there exist indeed systematic divergencies between literary Brazilian Portuguese and prescriptive grammar. On the other hand, there appears to be no single and unique model for clitic placement in literary Brazilian Portuguese. Although the variation in individual use found among the six novelists is conspicuous, there are, however, important convergencies. One of the most salient features is that the various clitic pronouns studied (i.e. me, nos, se, lhe and o) are placed according to different standards; e.g. first person pronouns are placed proclitically more often than third person pronouns. These differences in clitic placement are not reflected by the use of spoken Brazilian Portuguese, and prescriptive grammar has not paid attention to this fact. Special attention is paid to two complex verb constructions in which clitics are placed in a deviant manner from most other complex verb constructions. These are (1) passive constructions with the auxiliary ser and a participle and (2) complex verb constructions with an indeterminate subject se. The particular patterns that these constructions yield, for which evidence is presented in this study, has mainly been overlooked, not only by prescriptive grammar, but also in scholarly work on Brazilian Portuguese.For the other complex verb constructions, it is shown that the most common placement occurring in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, i.e. proclisis to the main verb, also prevails in our data from literary Brazilian Portuguese. A detailed analysis is dedicated to the question to which extent, and under which conditions, other placements are admitted or preferred.
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| 6. |
- Schei, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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A history of abuse and operative delivery : results from a European multi-country cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The main aim of this study was to assess whether a history of abuse, reported during pregnancy, was associated with an operative delivery. Secondly, we assessed if the association varied according to the type of abuse and if the reported abuse had been experienced as a child or an adult. Design The Bidens study, a cohort study in six European countries (Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, Estonia, Norway, and Sweden) recruited 6724 pregnant women attending routine antenatal care. History of abuse was assessed through questionnaire and linked to obstetric information from hospital records. The main outcome measure was operative delivery as a dichotomous variable, and categorized as an elective caesarean section (CS), or an operative vaginal birth, or an emergency CS. Non-obstetrically indicated were CSs performed on request or for psychological reasons without another medical reason. Binary and multinomial regression analysis were used to assess the associations. Results Among 3308 primiparous women, sexual abuse as an adult (≥18 years) increased the risk of an elective CS, Adjusted Odds Ratio 2.12 (1.28–3.49), and the likelihood for a non-obstetrically indicated CS, OR 3.74 (1.24–11.24). Women expressing current suffering from the reported adult sexual abuse had the highest risk for an elective CS, AOR 4.07 (1.46–11.3). Neither physical abuse (in adulthood or childhood <18 years), nor sexual abuse in childhood increased the risk of any operative delivery among primiparous women. Among 3416 multiparous women, neither sexual, nor emotional abuse was significantly associated with any kind of operative delivery, while physical abuse had an increased AOR for emergency CS of 1.51 (1.05–2.19). Conclusion Sexual abuse as an adult increases the risk of an elective CS among women with no prior birth experience, in particular for non-obstetrical reasons. Among multiparous women, a history of physical abuse increases the risk of an emergency CS.
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| 7. |
- Schei, Gaute S., et al.
(författare)
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Development and Initial Validation of the Humor Climate in Sport Scale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In sport teams, humor is an essential element that influences communication processes, and plays an important role in group dynamics. Despite this, no current instrument is presented in the literature to measure humor climate in sport teams. Therefore, the current study presents the development and initial validation of the Humor Climate in Sport Scale (HCSS). The aim was to assess content, structural and concurrent validity of the developed instrument, and to examine differential item functioning (DIF) as a function of sex. Three different phases were completed in this study. The first phase involved focus groups (n = 5) that explored humor as communication in a team sport context. In phase 2, information from the focus groups was used to create a pool of potential items for the questionnaire. Two discussion groups with sport science students contributed to the development of 80 potential items, that two different expert groups then assessed for item quality. The final version of the instrument after this phase contained 14 items, representing three different humor dimensions. In phase 3, two independent samples with a total number of 776 participants were recruited for the psychometric evaluation of the instrument. EFA, ICM-CFA, and ESEM analysis were performed, supporting a three-factor structure with positive humor, negative humor in-group, and negative humor out-group. In addition, partial DIF as a function of sex on the negative humor dimensions was found, indicating differences in how male and female interpret the negative humor items. The findings in the current study expand our understanding of humor in sport teams and may be a starting point for further research on humor climate in sport teams and its role in group function.
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| 8. |
- Sharp, Christopher A, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of human bone alkaline phosphatase isoforms : Comparison of isoelectric focusing and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 379:1-2, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can be identified in human tissues and serum after separation by anion-exchange HPLC and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Methods: We purified four soluble bone ALP (BALP) isoforms (B/I, B1x, B1 and B2) from human SaOS-2 cells, determined their specific pI values by broad range IEF (pH 3.5-9.5), compared these with commercial preparations of bone, intestinal and liver ALPs and established the effects of neuraminidase and wheat germ lectin (WGA) on enzyme activity. Results: Whilst the isoforms B1x (pI = 4.48), B1 (pI = 4.32) and B2 (pI = 4.12) resolved as well-defined bands, B/I resolved as a complex (pI = 4.85-6.84). Neuraminidase altered the migration of all BALP isoforms to pI = 6.84 and abolished their binding to the anion-exchange matrix, but increased their enzymatic activities by 11-20%. WGA precipitated the BALP isoforms in IEF gels and the HPLC column and attenuated their enzymatic activities by 54-73%. IEF resolved the commercial BALP into 2 major bands (pI = 4.41 and 4.55). Conclusions: Migration of BALP isoforms is similar in IEF and anion-exchange HPLC and dependent on sialic acid content. HPLC is preferable in smaller scale research applications where samples containing mixtures of BALP isoforms are analysed. Circulating liver ALP (pI = 3.85) can be resolved from BALP by either method. IEF represents a simpler approach for routine purposes even though some overlapping of the isoforms may occur. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- von Wright, Moira
(författare)
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Vi alla är olika, men ändå lika
- 2005
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Ingår i: Pedagogiska Magasinet. - 1401-3320. ; 10:4, s. 76-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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