| 1. |
- Andreasson, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
The MAP kinase substrate MKS1 is a regulator of plant defence responces
- 2005
-
In: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 1460-2075 .- 0261-4189. ; 24:14, s. 2579-2589
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 (MPK4) functions as a regulator of pathogen defense responses, because it is required for both repression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent resistance and for activation of jasmonate (JA)-dependent defense gene expression. To understand MPK4 signaling mechanisms, we used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify the MPK4 substrate MKS1. Analyses of transgenic plants and genome-wide transcript profiling indicated that MKS1 is required for full SA-dependent resistance in mpk4 mutants, and that overexpression of MKS1 in wild-type plants is sufficient to activate SA-dependent resistance, but does not interfere with induction of a defense gene by JA. Further yeast two-hybrid screening revealed that MKS1 interacts with the WRKY transcription factors WRKY25 and WRKY33. WRKY25 and WRKY33 were shown to be in vitro substrates of MPK4, and a wrky33 knockout mutant was found to exhibit increased expression of the SA-related defense gene PR1. MKS1 may therefore contribute to MPK4-regulated defense activation by coupling the kinase to specific WRKY transcription factors.
|
|
| 2. |
- Giertz, Lottie, 1954-
(author)
-
Ideal och vardag : Inflytande och självbestämmande med personlig assistans
- 2008
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Personal assistance was introduced in 1994 as part of “LSS”, Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments. The intention of this assistance is to enable people with severe and extensive impairments to live a “normal life”. In this law text the importance of the user’s influence on how to form the assistance is emphasized; the user also has the opportunity to choose which organization should carry out his/her achievement. The user is encouraged to act independently and autonomously.The main purpose of the present investigation is to shed light on how the user’s influence in the process of gaining assistance and independence in everyday life is perceived and described. The study is based on different forms of qualitative interviews with users, legal representatives, assistance employers, handling officers and personal assistants.The results show that many users need support from others in the process of applying for assistance. Obstacles in the user’s influence are mainly the impairment itself; a failing body, feebleness and other difficulties. Other impediments are lack of knowledge of one’s rights, legislation and the organization of the assistance.Self-determination in everyday assistance is facilitated by the support being given by a few familiar persons in the household. The level of self-determination depends mainly on the relationship between the user and the personal assistant. Users develop different strategies such as adapting the content of the day to the assistant who works that particular day or to employ family members as assistants. For other users it can be difficult to find functioning strategies for self-determination and they imply that the assistants take over the home. The home is being turned into a workplace and the user’s independence in decision-making is questioned and threatened.Many people with severe disabilities have a legal representative. In the inquiry the interviewed representatives are also relatives of the user – often parents. In the application process for assistance the results show that user influence is facilitated when there is a third party who can speak for the user. In daily life however self-determination in the user’s assistance becomes complicated – it becomes difficult for assistants and assistance employers to interpret the difference between the will of the user and the will of the relative/representative.The Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments becomes a paradox when the individual user lacks chances to live up to an active and responsible role which is assumed in the text of the law. The frailest persons lacking representatives run the risk of heavier vulnerability. Then the right to independence and self-determination in their own lives is reserved for the users who have a strong voice of their own or a strong willpower from their legal representatives who are able to claim their rights to influence and self-determination.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Ladfors, Lars, 1951, et al.
(author)
-
Is a speculum examination sufficient for excluding the diagnosis of ruptured fetal membranes?
- 1997
-
In: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349. ; 76:8, s. 739-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To determine the false negative rate of a sterile speculum examination for the diagnosis of rupture of the membranes in women not in labor and without visible amniotic fluid at speculum examination. Furthermore, possible risks to the mother and the baby after suspected rupture of the membranes were analyzed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ladfors, Lars, 1951, et al.
(author)
-
Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in offspring of women with prelabor rupture of the membranes at 34-42 weeks.
- 1998
-
In: Journal of perinatal medicine. - 0300-5577. ; 26:2, s. 94-101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One thousand three hundred eighty-five women with PROM (prelabor rupture of the membranes) participated in a prospective randomized study. Women with PROM were randomized to induction the following morning after PROM (early induction group) or induction two days later (late induction group). If contractions started within 2 hours after admission these women were included in the short latency group. All neonatal infections were classified as verified sepsis (positive culture) or clinical sepsis. The aim of the study was to compare the perinatal infectious outcome between the groups with different expectant managements in women with PROM and to study the association between demographic, intrapartum and postpartum variables and neonatal sepsis. In the short latency group one neonate had a proven sepsis while four neonates with proven sepsis were found in the early induction group. No proven sepsis was detected in the late induction group. Univariate analyses showed a significant association between clinical sepsis and: induction of labor (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.30-6.68), established labor 24.1-32 hours after ROM (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 1.68-20.63), established labor > 32 hours after ROM (OR = 4.59, 95% CI 1.52-13.87), time from ROM to delivery > 32 hours (OR = 5.07, 95% CI 1.40-18.39), cesarean section (OR = 11.03, 95% CI 4.10-29.68), chorioamnionitis before or during delivery (OR = 27.14, 95% CI 2.38-309.16), endometritis (OR = 18.08, 95% CI 1.82-179.87), CRP over 20 mg/l in the umbilical cord (OR = 17.12, 95% CI 5.68-52.12) and Apgar score < 7 after 1, 5 or 10 minutes. In a stepwise logistic regression analysis a significant association was found between clinical sepsis and cesarean section (OR = 10.08, 95% CI = 3.26-31.20), time from ROM to delivery > 32 h (OR = 3.74, 95% CI 1.62-8.62), gestational age 34-36 weeks (OR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.11-8.96) and parous women (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.04-5.57). In conclusion, this study indicates that that there was no difference in the incidence of neonatal infections between those with early and late induction. Clinical neonatal sepsis was associated with time from PROM to delivery over 32 hours, cesarean section, parous women and gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks.
|
|
