| 1. |
- Esseen, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av informationsbehov för Nationell Inventering av Landskapet i Sverige (NILS)
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har en informationsanalys utförts för att utreda prioriterade övervakningsbehov för programmet Stickprovsvis Landskaps Övervakning (SLÖ). Rapporten utgör underlag för det fortsatta arbetet med att ta fram vilken detaljinformation som ska ingå i SLÖ. Syftet har varit att göra en relevant analys av vilka frågeställningar och informationsbehov som olika kravställare prioriterar. Primära kravställare är de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen, olika myndigheter och organisationer samt internationella konventioner och EUdirektiv.Arbetet har huvudsakligen bedrivits i form av telefonintervjuer. Totalt har ett 90-tal personer från olika myndigheter, organisationer, företag, forskningsinstitut och universitet intervjuats.Den information som efterfrågats omfattar bl a: vilken variabel eller typ av information som bör övervakas, syfte, typ av analys (tillstånd, förändring, orsakssammanhang, prognoser), målpopulation (naturtyp, specifik biotop etc), redovisningsgrupper (naturtyp, geografisk och tematisk indelning, t ex miljöstöd), tidskrav (frekvens, specifika årtal) och eventuella krav på statistisk precision.Arbetet har skett naturtypsvis för fem olika naturtyper: jordbrukslandskap, urban miljö, våtmarker och stränder, skogslandskap samt fjällmiljö. I rapporten redovisas först utdatavariabler genererade av miljökvalitetsmål och andra kravställande dokument. Därefter ges korta sammanfattningar av allmänna synpunkter som framkommit vid intervjuerna.Föreslagna utdatavariabler och informationsområden har ställts samman i bruttolistor för respektive naturtyp. Variablerna har ordnats efter fallande prioritetsordning och har delats upp i fem olika kategorier: 1. processer och påverkan, 2, biotoper, 3. linjeelement, 4. punktelement, och 5. organismer. Övriga synpunkter på utformningen av SLÖ, särskilt med avseende på stratifiering, rutstorlek, omdrevsintervall, flygbildstolkning och nomenklatur har också ställts samman.Resultaten från intervjuerna visar att det finns ett mycket stort intresse för övervakning av biologisk mångfald i ett landskapsperspektiv. I jordbruksmiljö prioriterade man information inom tre områden: 1. ängs- och hagmarker, 2. småbiotoper (inklusive punkt- och linjeelement) och 3. odlingslandskapets sammansättning. I urban miljö efterfrågades information inom följande områden: 1. grönyteområden (träd- och gräsbevuxna), 2. äldre lövträd och bärande träd, 3. småbiotoper (småvatten, trädgårdar, ruderatområden) samt 4. rekreation och landskapsbild. För våtmarker och stränder urskiljdes sju olika informationsområden: 1. markavvattning, 2. naturlig eller påverkad vattenregim, 3. hävd, 4. markstörning och exploatering, 5. strukturell variation, 6. näringstillgång och kemisk påverkan, och 7. hotade och främmande arter. Viktiga informationsområden i skogslandskapet är: 1. störningsprocesser och människans påverkan, 2. landskapets sammansättning, 3. beståndsegenskaper, 4. strukturelement och 5. organismer. I fjällmiljö identifierades fyra olika områden: 1. renskötselns påverkan, främst genom bete och tramp, 2. barmarkskörning och linjära strukturer, 3. klimatförändringar, och 4. hotade arter och främmande arter.För fyra naturtyper ges förslag till prioriterade utdatavariabler i ett appendix.
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| 4. |
- Baig, Sharmin, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution and Population Dynamics of Clonal Complex 152 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- 2020
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Ingår i: mSphere. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 2379-5042. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the late 1990s, changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were recognized with the emergence of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA belonging to clonal complex 152 (CC152), carrying the small staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type V and encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been observed in Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate its origin, evolution, and dissemination. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a global collection of 149 CC152 isolates spanning 20 years (93 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] and 56 MRSA isolates). Core genome phylogeny, Bayesian inference, in silico resistance analyses, and genomic characterization were applied. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major distinct clades, one dominated by MSSA and the other populated only by MRSA. The MSSA isolates were predominately from sub-Saharan Africa, whereas MRSA was almost exclusively from Europe. The European MRSA isolates all harbored an SCCmec type V (5C2&5) element, whereas other SCCmec elements were sporadically detected in MRSA from the otherwise MSSA-dominated clade, including SCCmec types IV (2B), V (5C2), and XIII (9A). In total, 93% of the studied CC152 isolates were PVL positive. Bayesian coalescent inference suggests an emergence of the European CC152-MRSA in the 1990s, while the CC152 lineage dates back to the 1970s. The CA-MRSA CC152 clone mimics the European CC80 CA-MRSA lineage by its emergence from a PVL-positive MSSA ancestor from North Africa or Europe. The CC152 lineage has acquired SCCmec several times, but acquisition of SCCmec type V (5C2&5) seems associated with expansion of MRSA CC152 in Europe. IMPORTANCE Understanding the evolution of CA-MRSA is important in light of the increasing importance of this reservoir in the dissemination of MRSA. Here, we highlight the story of the CA-MRSA CC152 lineage using whole-genome sequencing on an international collection of CC152. We show that the evolution of this lineage is novel and that antibiotic usage may have the potential to select for the phage-encoded Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The diversity of the strains correlated highly to geography, with higher level of resistance observed among the European MRSA isolates. The mobility of the SCCmec element is mandatory for the emergence of novel MRSA lineages, and we show here distinct acquisitions, one of which is linked to the successful clone found throughout Europe today.
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| 5. |
- Bjoerklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Editors' Preface
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 110:4, s. 635-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Bruun, Hans Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct patterns in alpine vegetation around dens of the Arctic fox
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 28:1, s. 81-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arctic fox Alopex lugopus excavates its dens in gravely ridges and hillocks, and creates a local environment quite distinct from the surrounding tundra or heath landscape. In northern Sweden, the vegetation of 18 dens of the arctic fox was investigated, as well as reference areas off the dens but in geologically and topographically similar locations. The species composition showed considerable differences between den and reference areas, with grasses and forbs occurring more abundantly on the dens, and evergreen dwarf-shrubs occurring more in reference areas. The effect of the foxes' activities is thought to be either through mechanical soil disturbance, or through nutrient enrichment via scats, urine, and carcasses. This was expected to result in differences in plant traits with key functional roles in resource acquisition and regeneration, when comparing dens with reference areas. We hypothesised that the community mean of specific leaf area (SLA) would differ if nutrient enrichment was the more important effect, and that seed weight, inversely proportional to seed number per ramet and hence dispersal ability, would differ if soil disturbance was the more important effect. Specific leaf area showed a significant difference, indicating nutrient enrichment to be the most important effect of the arctic fox on the vegetation on its dens. Arctic foxes act as ecosystems engineers on a small scale, maintaining niches for relatively short-lived nutrient demanding species on their dens in spite of the dominance of long-lived ericaceous dwarf-shrubs in the landscape matrix. Thus, foxes contribute to the maintenance of species richness on the landscape level.
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| 7. |
- Bruun, Hans Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of altitude and topography on species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine communities
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 17:1, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question: What is the relationship between species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and macrolichens, and two important gradients in the alpine environment, altitude and local topography? Location: Northernmost Fennoscandia, 250-152 m a.s.l. corresponding to the range between timberline and mountain top. Methods: The vegetation was sampled in six mountain areas. For each 25 vertical metres, the local topographic gradient from wind-blown ridge to snowbed was sampled in quadrats of 0.8 m x 0.8 m. Patterns in species richness were explored using Poisson regression (Generalized Linear Models). Functional groups of species, i.e. evergreen and deciduous dwarf-shrubs, forbs, graminoids, mosses, hepatics and lichens were investigated separately. Results: Functional groups showed markedly different patterns with respect to both altitude and topography. Species richness of all vascular plants showed a unimodal relationship with altitude. The same was true for graminoids, forbs and lichens analysed separately, but forb richness peaked at Much higher altitudes than total richness. The richness of dwarf-shrubs decreased monotonically with altitude, whereas richness of mosses and liverworts showed an increasing trend. Significant interactions between altitude and local topography were present for several groups. The unimodal pattern for total plant species richness was interpreted in terms of local productivity, physical disturbance, trophic interactions, and in terms of species pool effects. Conclusions: Patterns in local species richness result from the action of two opposing forces: declining species pool and decreasing intensity of competition with altitude.
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| 8. |
- Bruun, Hans Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental correlates of meso-scale plant species richness in the province of Harjedalen, Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 12:10, s. 2025-2041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the species richness of vascular plants at the scale of 5 3 5 km in the Swedish province of Harjedalen, and the relationship between richness and environment. Environmental variables included geographical, altitudinal, topographical, bedrock, soil type, and land-cover descriptors. The species richness was subdivided into groups of species with similar life-form, i.e. trees, dwarf shrubs, hydro- and helophytes, vascular cryptogams, forbs, graminoids, and mountain plants. The data were split at random into two equal subsets. Explanatory models were built by multiple linear regression on the first subset, and the models were validated on the second subset. The total species richness of vascular plants could be explained by sandy and clayey soil, the heterogeneity in bedrock types and the area of acid volcanic bedrock. The model could explain about 46% of the variation in species richness. The richness of trees and hydrophytes tended to decrease with altitude, whereas this was not the case for mountain plants. The latter group occurred frequently at low elevation, but then predominantly along streams and rivers. Clayey soils, sandy soils, and basic volcanic bedrock were the variables most frequently included in the regression models.
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| 9. |
- Davydova, Erna, et al.
(författare)
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The methyltransferase METTL9 mediates pervasive 1-methylhistidine modification in mammalian proteomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-translational methylation plays a crucial role in regulating and optimizing protein function. Protein histidine methylation, occurring as the two isomers 1- and 3-methylhistidine (1MH and 3MH), was first reported five decades ago, but remains largely unexplored. Here we report that METTL9 is a broad-specificity methyltransferase that mediates the formation of the majority of 1MH present in mouse and human proteomes. METTL9-catalyzed methylation requires a His-x-His (HxH) motif, where “x” is preferably a small amino acid, allowing METTL9 to methylate a number of HxH-containing proteins, including the immunomodulatory protein S100A9 and the NDUFB3 subunit of mitochondrial respiratory Complex I. Notably, METTL9-mediated methylation enhances respiration via Complex I, and the presence of 1MH in an HxH-containing peptide reduced its zinc binding affinity. Our results establish METTL9-mediated 1MH as a pervasive protein modification, thus setting the stage for further functional studies on protein histidine methylation.
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| 10. |
- de Jong, Yde, et al.
(författare)
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PESI - a taxonomic backbone for Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biodiversity Data Journal. - 1314-2836 .- 1314-2828. ; 3, s. 1-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable taxonomy underpins communication in all of biology, not least nature conservation and sustainable use of ecosystem resources. The flexibility of taxonomic interpretations, however, presents a serious challenge for end-users of taxonomic concepts. Users need standardised and continuously harmonised taxonomic reference systems, as well as high-quality and complete taxonomic data sets, but these are generally lacking for non-specialists. The solution is in dynamic, expertly curated web-based taxonomic tools.The Pan-European Species-directories Infrastructure (PESI) worked to solve this key issue by providing a taxonomic e-infrastructure for Europe. It strengthened the relevant social (expertise) and information (standards, data and technical) capacities of five major community networks on taxonomic indexing in Europe, which is essential for proper biodiversity assessment and monitoring activities. The key objectives of PESI were: 1) standardisation in taxonomic reference systems, 2) enhancement of the quality and completeness of taxonomic data sets and 3) creation of integrated access to taxonomic information.This paper describes the results of PESI and its future prospects, including the involvement in major European biodiversity informatics initiatives and programs.
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