| 1. |
- Lees, Rosemary Susan, et al.
(författare)
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Review : Improving our knowledge of male mosquito biology in relation to genetic control programmes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Tropica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-706X .- 1873-6254. ; 132, s. S2-S11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enormous burden placed on populations worldwide by mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria and dengue, is currently being tackled by the use of insecticides sprayed in residences or applied to bednets, and in the case of dengue vectors through reduction of larval breeding sites or larviciding with insecticides thereof. However, these methods are under threat from, amongst other issues, the development of insecticide resistance and the practical difficulty of maintaining long-term community-wide efforts. The sterile insect technique (SIT), whose success hinges on having a good understanding of the biology and behaviour of the male mosquito, is an additional weapon in the limited arsenal against mosquito vectors. The successful production and release of sterile males, which is the mechanism of population suppression by SIT, relies on the release of mass-reared sterile males able to confer sterility in the target population by mating with wild females. A five year Joint FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project brought together researchers from around the world to investigate the pre-mating conditions of male mosquitoes (physiology and behaviour, resource acquisition and allocation, and dispersal), the mosquito mating systems and the contribution of molecular or chemical approaches to the understanding of male mosquito mating behaviour. A summary of the existing knowledge and the main novel findings of this group is reviewed here, and further presented in the reviews and research articles that form this Acta Tropica special issue.
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| 2. |
- Mozuraitis, R., et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromones of Phyllonorycter acerifoliella and Ph. heegerella and communication peculiarities in three species of leafmining moths
- 2000
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 94:1, s. 15-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Females of the leaf miner moth Phyllonorycter acerifoliella (Z.) [=Ph. sylvella (Hw.)] and Ph. heegerella (Z.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) release their sex pheromone at the beginning of photophase. The periodicity of the 'calling' behaviour of Ph. acerifoliella females was established. Three compounds from calling virgin Ph. heegerella females were collected by the Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) technique and identified as (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8-14:OAc), tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc) and (Z)-8-tetradecenol (Z8-14:OH) in the ratio (88 +/- 3):(2 +/- 0.6):(10 +/- 5) by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Field trapping experiments demonstrated that the first two compounds are important for the attraction of conspecific males. Z8-14:OAc was found to be attractive when tested separately, while 14:OAc acted as synergist. The attractivity of the three component blend was reduced by 10% admixture of either (E)-10-dodecenyl acetate (E10-12:OAc) or (Z)-10-tetradecenyl acetate (Z10-14:OAc). Field tests of Z10-, Z8- and E10-14:OAc, identified from Ph. acerifoliella females, demonstrated that the first two compounds were essential for the attraction of conspecific males; so both are sex pheromone components. The attractivity of the three component blend of Z10- Z8- and E10-14:OAc was reduced by 10% admixture of (E)-10-dodecenol (E10-12:OH). The following four semiochemical compounds, Z8-14:OAc, Z8-14:OH, E10-14:OAc and 14:OAc, identified from phyllonoryctid females, as well as two sex attraction antagonists for Ph. acerifoliella and Ph. heegerella males, E10-12:OAc and Z10-14:OAc, are new for the family Gracillariidae. The results of field trapping experiments revealed mechanisms ensuring the specificity of the chemocommunication systems in Ph. acerifoliella, Ph. heegerella and Ph. ulmifoliella (Hb.) moths.
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| 3. |
- Aleknavičius, D., et al.
(författare)
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Can crickets recognise bacterially contaminated feed? Gryllus assimilis odour perception of Escherichia coli
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. - 2352-4588. ; 9:7, s. 947-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edible crickets Acheta domesticus and Gryllus assimilis are worldwide mass-reared insects. They are recognised as a sustainable source of protein in the food and feed industries and, in relation to this, must comply with food safety requirements. In this study, we assessed the self-protective ability of crickets to recognise potentially hazardous bacteria-contaminated feed. A two-choice test was carried out to estimate the crickets’ preference between the bacteria-contaminated and control feed. Three bacterial species were tested as potential contaminants: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. A. domesticus did not recognise feed contaminated with any of the bacterial species tested. G. assimilis avoided E. coli-contaminated feed, while the other two bacteria did not cause differences in feeding behaviour. The study of gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection showed that E. coli released a volatile compound, which was olfactory perceived by both males and females of G. assimilis. The compound was identified as indole. In a behavioural test, crickets spent less time feeding on indole-contaminated feed compared to control feed. Hence, indole induced an avoidance response in G. assimilis. It can be concluded that G. assimilis perceives and recognises some bacteria contaminants and thereby avoids spoiled feed.
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| 4. |
- Baroffio, C. A., et al.
(författare)
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Combining plant volatiles and pheromones to catch two insect pests in the same trap : Examples from two berry crops
- 2018
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Ingår i: Crop Protection. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0261-2194 .- 1873-6904. ; 109, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most horticultural crops are attacked by more than one insect pest. As broad-spectrum chemical control options are becoming increasingly restricted, there is a need to develop novel control methods. Semiochemical attractants are available for three important horticultural pests, strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae) and raspberry beetle, Byturus tomentostts deGeer (Coleoptera: Byturidae). Traps targeting more than one pest species would be more practical and economical for both monitoring and mass trapping than traps for single-species. In this study we aimed to (1) improve the effectiveness of existing traps for insect pests in strawberry and raspberry crops by increasing catches of each species, and (2) test if attractants for two unrelated pest species could be combined to capture both in the same trap without decreasing the total catches. Field tests were carried out in four European countries and different combinations of semiochemicals were compared. A volatile from strawberry flowers, 1,4 dimethoxybenzene (DMB), increased the attractiveness of the aggregation pheromone to both sexes of A. rubi. The host-plant volatile, phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), increased the attraction of female L. rugulipennis to the sex pheromone, and, in strawberry, there was some evidence that adding DMB increased catches further. Traps baited with the aggregation pheromone of A. rubi, DMB, the sex pheromone of L rugulipennis and PAA attracted both target species to the same trap with no significant difference in catches compared to those single-species traps. In raspberry, catches in traps baited with a combination of A. rubi aggregation pheromone, DMB and the commercially available lure for B. tomentosus, based on raspberry flower volatiles, were similar to those in single-species traps. In both crops the efficiency of the traps still needs improvement, but the multi species traps are adequate for monitoring and should not lead to confusion for the user as the target species are easy to distinguish from each other.
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| 5. |
- Bohman, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of (Z)-8-Heptadecene and n-Pentadecane as Electrophysiologically Active Compounds in Ophrys insectifera and Its Argogorytes Pollinator
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexually deceptive orchids typically depend on specific insect species for pollination, which are lured by sex pheromone mimicry. European Ophrys orchids often exploit specific species of wasps or bees with carboxylic acid derivatives. Here, we identify the specific semiochemicals present in O. insectifera, and in females of one of its pollinator species, Argogorytes fargeii. Headspace volatile samples and solvent extracts were analysed by GC-MS and semiochemicals were structurally elucidated by microderivatisation experiments and synthesis. (Z)-8-Heptadecene and n-pentadecane were confirmed as present in both O. insectifera and A. fargeii female extracts, with both compounds being found to be electrophysiologically active to pollinators. The identified semiochemicals were compared with previously identified Ophrys pollinator attractants, such as (Z)-9 and (Z)-12-C-27-C-29 alkenes in O. sphegodes and (Z)-9-octadecenal, octadecanal, ethyl linoleate and ethyl oleate in O. speculum, to provide further insights into the biosynthesis of semiochemicals in this genus. We propose that all these currently identified Ophrys semiochemicals can be formed biosynthetically from the same activated carboxylic acid precursors, after a sequence of elongation and decarbonylation reactions in O. sphegodes and O. speculum, while in O. insectifera, possibly by decarbonylation without preceding elongation.
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| 6. |
- Karalius, V., et al.
(författare)
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Sex attractants for six moth species of the families Brachodidae, Choreutidae and Tineidae from Kazakhstan and Lithuania
- 2005
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 60:08-jul, s. 625-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex attractants were established for one Brachodidae, three Choreutidae and two Tineidae moth species during field screening tests with (2E,13Z)-octadecadien-1-al, (2E,13Z)-, (3E,13Z)-, (3Z,13Z)-octadecadien-1-ols and their acetates (2E,13Z-18:Ald, 2E,13Z-, 3E,13Z-, 3Z,13Z-18:OH/OAc) as well as of binary mixtures of these compounds in West-Kazakhstan and Lithuania. Males of Brachodes appendiculata were attracted by 3E,13Z-18:OAc, Prochoreutis ultimana and P myllerana by 2E,13Z-18:OH, Monopis palidella by 2E,13Z-18:Ald and Triaxomera fulvimitrella by binary mixtures of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc with either 3E,13Z-18:OH in the ratio of 5:5 or 3Z,13Z-18:OH in the ratio of 9:1 (v/v). The 3-component mixture composed of 2E,13Z-18:OH, 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:Ald in the ratio 1:1:1 was developed to attract Prochoreutis sehestediana males. Attraction antagonists for B. appendiculata, P ultimana and M. palidella were shown.
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| 7. |
- Mozuraitis, R., et al.
(författare)
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(-)-germacrene D increases attraction and oviposition by the tobacco budworm moth Heliothis virescens
- 2002
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 27:6, s. 505-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sesquiterpene germacrene D (GD) activates a major type of olfactory receptor neuron on the antennae of the heliothine moths. In Heliothis virescens females, 80% of the recordings have shown activity of one neuron type responding with high sensitivity and selectivity to GD. With the aim of determining the behavioural significance of this sesquiterpene, we have used a two-choice wind-tunnel to study the preference of mated H. virescens females for host plants with and without (-)-GD added. Tobacco plants containing dispensers with low release rate of (-)-GD had a greater attractiveness than tobacco plants without this substance. In addition, a significant increase of oviposition was found on the plants with (-)-GD.
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| 8. |
- Mozuraitis, R., et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and intraspecific activities of compounds derived from sex pheromone glands of currant borer, Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 61:04-mar, s. 278-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses of crude sex pheromone gland extracts revealed that virgin Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck), currant borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) females, produced 6 compounds, structurally related to sex pheromone components of clearwing moths. By comparison of retention times and mass spectra of natural products with corresponding properties of synthetic standards, these compounds were identified as: (2E,13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate (E2,Z13-18:OAc), (3E,13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate (E3,Z13-18:OAc), (13Z)-octadec-13-en-1-yl acetate (M-18:OAc), (2E,13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dien-1-ol (E2,Z13-18:OH), (13Z)-octadec-13-en-1-ol (M-18:OH) and octadecan-1-ol (18:OH) in the ratio 100:07:2.7:3.2:traces. The first 3 compounds were previously known to occur in the sex pheromone gland extracts of currant borers, while the last 3 chemicals are now reported for the first time. Trapping tests carried out in the black currant field revealed that E2,Z13-18:OAc, when tested separately, attracted S. tipuliformis males, while addition of E3,Z13-18:OAc to the main component increased the effectiveness of E2,Z13-18:OAc over seven times. The attractiveness of 6 component lures did not differ significantly from the one of the binary mixture, confirming that E2,Z13-18:OAc and E3,Z13-18:OAc in the ratio1.00:0.7 are essential sex pheromone components of S. tipuliformis. Trapping tests carried out at the dwelling place of Synanthedon scoliaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) revealed that, in addition to intraspecific synergistic effect, E3,Z13-18:OAc increased the specificity of the pheromone signal of S. tipuliformis, acting by intraspecific mode as an attraction antagonist against S. scoliaeformis males. By this way, it ensured the specificity of the sex attraction signal of the currant borer. Consequently, both compounds E2,Z13-18:OAc and E3,Z13-18:OAc have to be present in pheromone formulations used for monitoring and/or control of S. tipuliformis to avoid effecting non-target species. Other compounds identified from the sex pheromone gland of S. tipuliformis did not show any significant interspecific activity for males of S. scoliaeformis, however, they provide a basis to achieve specificity of a pheromone signal of S. tipuliformis and could act as attraction antagonists against other clearwing moth species which, like S. tipuliformis, employ E2,Z13-18:OAc as their sex pheromone component.
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| 9. |
- Mozūraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(författare)
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Male swarming aggregation pheromones increase female attraction and mating success among multiple African malaria vector mosquito species
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Nature Research. - 2397-334X. ; 4:10, s. 1395-1401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating behavioural data indicate that aggregation pheromones may mediate the formation and maintenance of mosquito swarms. However, chemical cues possibly luring mosquitoes to swarms have not been adequately investigated, and the likely molecular incitants of these complex reproductive behaviours remain unknown. Here we show that males of the important malaria vector species Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae produce and release aggregation pheromones that attract individuals to the swarm and enhance mating success. We found that males of both species released significantly higher amounts of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone), octanal, nonanal and decanal during swarming in the laboratory. Feeding males with stable-isotope-labelled glucose revealed that the males produced these five compounds. A blend composed of synthetic analogues to these swarming odours proved highly attractive to virgin males and females of both species under laboratory conditions and substantially increased mating in five African malaria vectors (An. gambiae,An. coluzzii,An. arabiensis,An. merus and An. funestus) in semi-field experiments. Our results not only narrow a conspicuous gap in understanding a vital aspect of the chemical ecology of male mosquitoes but also demonstrate fundamental roles of rhythmic and metabolic genes in the physiology and behavioural regulation of these vectors. These identified aggregation pheromones have great potential for exploitation against these highly dangerous insects. Manipulating such pheromones could increase the efficacy of malaria-vector control programmes.
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| 10. |
- Mozuraitis, R., et al.
(författare)
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Parthenogenesis, calling behavior, and insect-released volatiles of leafminer moth Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 28:6, s. 1191-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We proved that the leafminer moth Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) reproduces by parthenogenesis of the thelytoky type. Despite a complete absence of males, parthenogenetically reproducing females diurnally demonstrated the calling posture normally used for releasing signaling compounds. Two compounds, which we collected from a calling female, were identified as potential sex pheromone components: (8E,10E)-8,10-tetradecadienyl acetate and (8E,10E)-8,10-tetradecadienol, the latter occurring only in trace amounts. In field experiments, no males were attracted to traps baited with either the potential sex pheromone or with virgin females. Both the pattern of behavior and the chemical characteristics of the pheromone of Ph. emberizaepenella species were similar to those known for Lepidoptera with the usual amphimictic mode of reproduction. Theoretical speculations that in thelytoky, where there is no need to find a sexual partner, the individuals would obtain certain advantages due to reduction in their sexual behavior, were, thus, not confirmed for Ph. emberizaepenella.
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