| 1. |
- Poyatos, R., et al.
(författare)
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Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 13:6, s. 2607-2649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80 % of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50 % of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56 % of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90 % or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The "sapfluxnetr" R package - designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data - is available from CRAN.
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| 2. |
- Ellsworth, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Convergence in phosphorus constraints to photosynthesis in forests around the world
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) limitation is pervasive in tropical forests. Here the authors analyse the dependence of photosynthesis on leaf N and P in tropical forests, and show that incorporating leaf P constraints in a terrestrial biosphere model enhances its predictive power. Tropical forests take up more carbon (C) from the atmosphere per annum by photosynthesis than any other type of vegetation. Phosphorus (P) limitations to C uptake are paramount for tropical and subtropical forests around the globe. Yet the generality of photosynthesis-P relationships underlying these limitations are in question, and hence are not represented well in terrestrial biosphere models. Here we demonstrate the dependence of photosynthesis and underlying processes on both leaf N and P concentrations. The regulation of photosynthetic capacity by P was similar across four continents. Implementing P constraints in the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, gross photosynthesis was reduced by 36% across the tropics and subtropics relative to traditional N constraints and unlimiting leaf P. Our results provide a quantitative relationship for the P dependence for photosynthesis for the front-end of global terrestrial C models that is consistent with canopy leaf measurements.
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| 3. |
- Bjorheim, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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A combined conductivity and DFT study of protons in PbZrO3 and alkaline earth zirconate perovskites
- 2010
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738. ; 181:3-4, s. 130-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrical properties of nominally undoped and 4 mol% Y-doped PbZrO3 have been investigated by AC conductivity measurements and impedance spectroscopy under various p(H2)O and p(O2) at high temperatures. The results indicate that the defect structures are dominated by acceptors (Y dopant and/or Pb vacancies formed during synthesis). In dry atmosphere and at high temperatures, the acceptors are compensated by oxygen vacancies. These are hydrated and replaced by protonic defects (hydroxide ions on oxide ion sites) at higher p(H2)o and lower temperatures. In oxidizing atmospheres, a minority concentration of electron holes dominates the conductivity. At lower temperatures and in wet atmosphere, a significant protonic conductivity contribution is also observed. Based on p(O2) and p(H2)o isotherms, a model for incorporation of protonic defects has been applied, and the standard enthalpy of hydration of oxygen vacancies in undoped PbZrO3 has been determined (-1.07 +/- 0.13 eV). The measured total conductivities are influenced by high grain boundary resistance. Hence, the enthalpy is at the present stage assigned to the polycrystalline ceramic material as such. Rough estimates of bulk proton mobility in Y-doped PbZrO3 yield u(H)(0)+ = 17 cm(2)K/Vs and Delta H-m,H(+) = 0.93 eV. A complementary DFT study of the hydration thermodynamics of PbZrO3 and the alkaline earth zirconate perovskites AZrO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) is also reported. The experimental and theoretical hydration enthalpies are compared with those of other ABO(3) perovskites. Correlations between the hydration thermodynamics and other properties of the materials are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Hyvonen, R., et al.
(författare)
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The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review
- 2007
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - Cambridge : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 173:3, s. 463-480
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses of net primary production are: higher photosynthetic rate (the main [CO2] response); increasing length of growing season (the main temperature response); and higher leaf-area index (the main N deposition and partly [CO2] response). Soil organic matter will increase with increasing litter input, although priming may decrease the soil C stock initially, but litter quality effects should be minimal (response to [CO2], N deposition, and temperature); will decrease because of increasing temperature; and will increase because of retardation of decomposition with N deposition, although the rate of decomposition of high-quality litter can be increased and that of low-quality litter decreased. Single-factor responses can be misleading because of interactions between factors, in particular those between N and other factors, and indirect effects such as increased N availability from temperature-induced decomposition. In the long term the strength of feedbacks, for example the increasing demand for N from increased growth, will dominate over short-term responses to single factors. However, management has considerable potential for controlling the C store.
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| 5. |
- Weston, David J., et al.
(författare)
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The Sphagnome Project : enabling ecological and evolutionary insights through a genus-level sequencing project
- 2018
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 217:1, s. 16-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Considerable progress has been made in ecological and evolutionary genetics with studies demonstrating how genes underlying plant and microbial traits can influence adaptation and even 'extend' to influence community structure and ecosystem level processes. Progress in this area is limited to model systems with deep genetic and genomic resources that often have negligible ecological impact or interest. Thus, important linkages between genetic adaptations and their consequences at organismal and ecological scales are often lacking. Here we introduce the Sphagnome Project, which incorporates genomics into a long-running history of Sphagnum research that has documented unparalleled contributions to peatland ecology, carbon sequestration, biogeochemistry, microbiome research, niche construction, and ecosystem engineering. The Sphagnome Project encompasses a genus-level sequencing effort that represents a new type of model system driven not only by genetic tractability, but by ecologically relevant questions and hypotheses.
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| 6. |
- Besikiotis, V., et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure, hydration and ionic conductivity of the inherently oxygen-deficient La2Ce2O7
- 2012
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738. ; 228, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystal structure, hydration and ionic conductivity of the inherently oxygen deficient La2Ce2O7 system have been investigated. On the basis of Rietveld analysis of neutron diffraction data, the material is found to adopt a cation disordered oxygen-deficient fluorite structure. Impedance spectroscopy, performed in the temperature range 1000-200 degrees C and as a function of water vapor and oxygen partial pressure, suggests that oxide ion conductivity dominates at high temperatures, while protons are the main charge carrier at temperatures below approximately 450 degrees C. Proton conductivity was confirmed by isotope shifts under H2O and D2O. The dissolution of water was measured by means of thermogravimetry (TG). A defect chemical model is developed to derive hydration thermodynamic parameters based on TG and conductivity data. The hydration enthalpy was, moreover, determined directly by simultaneous TG and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The TG-DSC values were in good agreement with those modeled from conductivity and TG data.
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| 7. |
- Das, S., et al.
(författare)
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Instability of Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes in Li-O2 Batteries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:32, s. 18084-18090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as promising solvents for Li-air battery electrolytes. Here, several ILs have been investigated using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) to investigate the electrochemical stability in a Li-O-2 system, by means of quantitative determination of the rechargeability (GER/ORR), and thereby the Coulombic efficiency of discharge and charge. None of the IL-based electrolytes are found to behave as needed for a functional Li-O-2 battery but perform better than commonly used organic solvents. Also the extent of rechargeability/reversibility has been found to be strongly dependent on the choice of IL cation and anion as well as various impurities.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Huse, M., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron diffraction study of the monoclinic to tetragonal structural transition in LaNbO4 and its relation to proton mobility
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 187, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fergusonite-scheelite structural transition of LaNbO4 was characterized by high-intensity variable temperature neutron powder diffraction in an effort to link structural changes to proton transport in the low temperature monoclinic and high temperature tetragonal polymorphs. The pronounced decrease in enthalpy of proton mobility with increasing temperature in monoclinic LaNbO4, identified by Field et al. [1], was found to coincide with the decrease in a key inter-tetrahedral oxygen separation. At temperatures above the transition, this oxygen to oxygen distance remains constant, behavior that is consistent with the invariant nature of the calculated enthalpy of mobility for the tetragonal phase. This oxygen separation is therefore proposed as the key structural parameter determining the success rate of proton transfer and ultimately the proton diffusion in LaNbO4. Infrared measurements performed on acceptor-doped LaNbO4 show an absorption in the region 2500 to 3700 cm(-1) attributed to the O-H stretching motion influenced by hydrogen bonding.
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| 10. |
- Kalland, L. E., et al.
(författare)
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C-type related order in the defective fluorites La2Ce2O7 and Nd2Ce2O7 studied by neutron scattering and ab initio MD simulations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 18:34, s. 24070-24080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a structural investigation of La2-xNdxCe2O7 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) using X-ray powder diffraction and total scattering neutron powder diffraction, analysed using Rietveld and the reverse Monte Carlo method (RMC). Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) modelling is also performed for further investigations of the local order. The main intensities in the neutron diffraction data for the La2-xNdxCe2O7 series correspond to the fluorite structure. However, additional C-type superlattice peaks are visible for x > 0 and increase in intensity with increasing x. The Nd-containing compositions (x > 0) are best fitted with Rietveld analysis by using a combination of oxygen deficient fluorite and oxygen excess C-type structures. No indications of cation order are found in the RMC or Rietveld analysis, and the absence of cation order is supported by the MD modelling. We argue that the superlattice peaks originate from oxygen vacancy ordering and associated shift in the cation position away from the ideal fluorite site similar to that in the C-type structure, which is seen from the Rietveld refinements and the observed ordering in the MD modelling. The vacancies favour alignments in the , and especially the direction. Moreover, we find that such ordering might also be found to a small extent in La2Ce2O7, explaining the discernible modulated background between the fluorite peaks. The observed overlap of the main Bragg peaks between the fluorite and C-type phase supports the co-existence of vacancy ordered and more disordered domains. This is further supported by the observed similarity of the radial distribution functions as modelled with MD. The increase in long range oxygen vacancy order with increasing Nd-content in La2-xNdxCe2O7 corresponds well with the lower oxide ion conductivity in Nd2Ce2O7 compared to La2Ce2O7 reported earlier.
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