| 1. |
- Lindgren, Cecilia M, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association scan meta-analysis identifies three Loci influencing adiposity and fat distribution.
- 2009
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In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:6, s. e1000508-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies (GWAS, N = 38,580) informative for adult waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We selected 26 SNPs for follow-up, for which the evidence of association with measures of central adiposity (WC and/or WHR) was strong and disproportionate to that for overall adiposity or height. Follow-up studies in a maximum of 70,689 individuals identified two loci strongly associated with measures of central adiposity; these map near TFAP2B (WC, P = 1.9x10(-11)) and MSRA (WC, P = 8.9x10(-9)). A third locus, near LYPLAL1, was associated with WHR in women only (P = 2.6x10(-8)). The variants near TFAP2B appear to influence central adiposity through an effect on overall obesity/fat-mass, whereas LYPLAL1 displays a strong female-only association with fat distribution. By focusing on anthropometric measures of central obesity and fat distribution, we have identified three loci implicated in the regulation of human adiposity.
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| 2. |
- Woods, P. J., et al.
(author)
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A review of adaptation options in fisheries management to support resilience and transition under socio-ecological change
- 2022
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In: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 79:2, s. 463-479
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social-ecological systems dependent on fisheries must be resilient or adapt to remain viable in the face of change. Here, we identified possible interventions (termed “adaptation options”) from published literature, aimed at supporting social or ecological resilience and/or aiding adaptation to changes induced by environmental or social stressors. Our searches centered on nations/regions across North America, Europe, and the South Pacific, encompassing fisheries literature with and without a climate change focus, to compare how, when, and by whom interventions are currently or potentially implemented. We expected that adaptation options within a climate change context would have a greater focus on enhancing social resilience due to a connection with climate change adaptation assessment methodology. Instead, we found a greater focus on ecological resilience, likely indicating a focus on management adaptation. This pattern, along with the more extensive use of social adaptation options responsively and outside the context of climate change, along with an importance in bottom-up influences in implementing them, suggests a general lack of centralized planning and organization with regards to adaptation of stakeholders. Determining how adaptation options are created, chosen, and implemented is a crucial step within or external to ecosystem-based management, especially if planned stakeholder adaption is the goal.
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| 3. |
- Bloniecki, Victor, et al.
(author)
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The Geras Solutions Cognitive Test for Assessing Cognitive Impairment : Normative Data from a Population-Based Cohort
- 2023
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In: The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. - : Springer. - 2274-5807 .- 2426-0266. ; 2:10, s. 207-211
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is a need for the development of accurate, accessible and efficient screening instruments, focused on early-stage detection of neurocognitive disorders. The Geras Solutions cognitive test (GSCT) has showed potential as a digital screening tool for cognitive impairment but normative data are needed.Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain normative data for the GSCT in cognitively healthy patients, investigate the effects of gender and education on test scores as well as examine test-retest reliability.Methods: The population in this study consisted of 144 cognitively healthy subjects (MMSE>26) all at the age of 70 who were earlier included in the Healthy Aging Initiative Study conducted in Umea, Sweden. All patients conducted the GSCT and a subset of patients (n=32) completed the test twice in order to establish test-retest reliability.Results: The mean GSCT score was 46.0 (+/- 4.5) points. High level of education (>12 years) was associated with a high GSCT score (p = 0.02) while gender was not associated with GSCT outcomes (p = 0.5). GSCT displayed a high correlation between test and retest (r(30) = 0.8, p <0.01).Conclusion: This study provides valuable information regarding normative test-scores on the GSCT for cognitively healthy individuals and indicates education level as the most important predictor of test outcome. Additionally, the GSCT appears to display a good test-retest reliability further strengthening the validity of the test.
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| 4. |
- Carlborg, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Attempted suicide predicts suicide risk in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis
- 2010
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 64:1, s. 68-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with schizophrenia have an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide is suggested to be an important risk factor.AIM: Our objective was to assess the cumulative survival, predictive values and odds ratios of attempted suicide for suicide in a long-term cohort of patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis with and without previous attempted suicide.METHOD: Inpatients (n=224) hospitalized with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis were followed for a mean of 25 years. All patients were followed up for causes of death. Information on suicide attempt before the end of the observation period was retrieved from medical records.RESULTS: Eight percent died by suicide during the follow-up. Eighteen percent of suicide attempters died by suicide. Two percent of non-attempters died by suicide. There was a strong association between previous suicide attempt and suicide in men and women. Odds ratio for attempters vs. non-attempters was 10. Suicide risk was almost three times higher in male than female suicide attempters.CONCLUSION: Previous attempted suicide is an important risk factor for suicide in both men and women with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, particularly in male suicide attempters. The suicide risk remains high over a long period. Continuous assessment of risk factors and appropriate treatment are crucial for this patient group to prevent suicide.
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| 5. |
- Carlborg, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Early death and CSF monoamine metabolites in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis
- 2011
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 65:2, s. 101-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia have higher rates of mortality than the general population. Lower concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been associated with suicidal, aggressive and impulsive behavior. Mortality has been suggested as a measure of impulsivity and a relationship between early death and lower concentrations of CSF monoamine metabolites has been reported but the studies are few with short periods of follow-up and small numbers.AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate a relationship between early death and concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA and HVA.METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-five inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis were lumbar punctured in a standardized manner and followed for a median of 26 years. Patients were searched to identify those who had died. Causes of death were obtained from the Causes of Death Register.RESULTS: During the time of follow-up, 97 patients died. Schizophrenia spectrum psychosis patients died at an earlier age from both natural and unnatural causes of death. No significant associations were found between CSF 5-HIAA and HVA concentrations and non-suicidal death. Attempted suicide was not a risk factor for non-suicidal death at younger age.CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis die at an earlier age from both natural and unnatural causes of death. Attempted suicide is not a risk factor for non-suicidal death at younger age. Low concentrations of CSF HVA and 5-HIAA were not a risk factor for non-suicidal death at younger age in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis.
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| 6. |
- Christlieb, N., et al.
(author)
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The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES). I. Project description, and discovery of two stars with strong enhancements of neutron-capture elements
- 2004
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In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 428:3, s. 1027-1037
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on a dedicated effort to identify and study metal-poor stars strongly enhanced in r-process elements ([r/Fe]>1 dex; hereafter r-IIstars), the Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES).Moderate-resolution (∼2 Å) follow-up spectroscopy has been obtained for metal-poor giant candidates selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES) as well as the HK survey to identify sharp-lined stars with [Fe/H]<-2.5 dex. For several hundred confirmed metal-poor giants brighter than B∼ 16.5 mag (most of them from theHES), ``snapshot'' spectra (R∼ 20 000; S/N ∼ 30 per pixel) are being obtained with VLT/UVES, with the main aim of finding the 2-3% r-II stars expected to be among them. These are studied in detail by means of higher resolution and higher S/N spectra. In this paper we describe a pilot study based on a set of 35 stars, including 23 from the HK survey,eight from the HES, and four comparison stars. We discovered two new r-II stars, CS 29497-004 ([Eu/Fe]=1.64± 0.22) and CS 29491-069([Eu/Fe]=1.08± 0.23). A first abundance analysis of CS 29497-004 yields that its abundances of Ba to Dy are on average enhanced by 1.5 dex with respect to iron and the Sun and match a scaled solar r-process pattern well, while Th is underabundant relative to that pattern by 0.3dex, which we attribute to radioactive decay. That is, CS 29497-004 seems not to belong to the class of r-process enhanced stars displaying an ``actinide boost'', like CS 31082-001 (Hill et al. 2002), or CS30306-132 (Honda et al. 2004b). The abundance pattern agrees well with predictions of the phenomenological model of Qian & Wasserburg.Based in large part on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile (proposal number 68.B-0320).}
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| 7. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(author)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kanis, J A, et al.
(author)
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Previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX.
- 2023
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In: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Nature. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 34:12, s. 2027-2045
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large international meta-analysis using primary data from 64 cohorts has quantified the increased risk of fracture associated with a previous history of fracture for future use in FRAX.The aim of this study was to quantify the fracture risk associated with a prior fracture on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, time since baseline and bone mineral density (BMD).We studied 665,971 men and 1,438,535 women from 64 cohorts in 32 countries followed for a total of 19.5 million person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any clinical fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using an extended Poisson model in each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, BMD, and duration of follow-up. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted β-coefficients.A previous fracture history, compared with individuals without a prior fracture, was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture (hazard ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72-2.07). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.69-2.07), major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.63-2.06), or for hip fracture (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.62-2.06). There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Subsequent fracture risk was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any clinical fracture (14%), osteoporotic fracture (17%), and for hip fracture (33%). The risk ratio for all fracture outcomes related to prior fracture decreased significantly with adjustment for age and time since baseline examination.A previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by BMD. The effect is similar in men and women. Its quantitation on an international basis permits the more accurate use of this risk factor in case finding strategies.
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| 10. |
- Kepp, Kasper P., et al.
(author)
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Panel stacking is a threat to consensus statement validity
- 2024
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In: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consensus statements can be very influential in medicine and public health. Some of these statements use systematic evidence synthesis but others fail on this front. Many consensus statements use panels of experts to deduce perceived consensus through Delphi processes. We argue that stacking of panel members toward one particular position or narrative is a major threat, especially in absence of systematic evidence review. Stacking may involve financial conflicts of interest, but nonfinancial conflicts of strong advocacy can also cause major bias. Given their emerging importance, we describe here how such consensus statements may be misleading, by analyzing in depth a recent high-impact Delphi consensus statement on COVID-19 recommendations as a case example. We demonstrate that many of the selected panel members and at least 35% of the core panel members had advocated toward COVID-19 elimination (Zero-COVID) during the pandemic and were leading members of aggressive advocacy groups. These advocacy conflicts were not declared in the Delphi consensus publication, with rare exceptions. Therefore, we propose that consensus statements should always require rigorous evidence synthesis and maximal transparency on potential biases toward advocacy or lobbyist groups to be valid. While advocacy can have many important functions, its biased impact on consensus panels should be carefully avoided.
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