| 1. |
- Blomstrand, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Mind body exercise improves cognitive function more than aerobic- and resistance exercise in healthy adults aged 55 years and older : an umbrella review
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. - : Springer. - 1813-7253 .- 1861-6909. ; 20:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise is often cited as a major factor contributing to improved cognitive functioning. As a result, the relationship between exercise and cognition has received much attention in scholarly literature. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses present varying and sometimes conflicting results about the extent to which exercise can influence cognition. The aim of this umbrella review was to summarize the effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions (global cognition, executive function, memory, attention, or processing speed) in healthy adults & GE; 55 years of age.Methods An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on cognition was performed. Databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception until June 2023 for reviews of randomized or non-randomised controlled trials. Full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and methodological quality assessed. Overlap within included reviews was assessed using the corrected covered area method (CCA). A random effects model was used to calculate overall pooled effect size with sub-analyses for specific cognitive domains, exercise type and timing of exercise.Results Database searches identified 9227 reviews. A total of 20 met the inclusion criteria. They were based on 332 original primary studies. Overall quality of the reviews was considered moderate with most meeting 8 or more of the 16 AMSTAR 2 categories. Overall pooled effects indicated that exercise in general has a small positive effect on cognition (d = 0.22; SE = 0.04; p < 0.01). Mind-body exercise had the greatest effect with a pooled effect size of (d = 0.48; SE = 0.06; p < 0.001). Exercise had a moderate positive effect on global cognition (d = 0.43; SE = 0,11; p < 0,001) and a small positive effect on executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Chronic exercise was more effective than acute exercise. Variation across studies due to heterogeneity was considered very high.Conclusions Mind-body exercise has moderate positive effects on the cognitive function of people aged 55 or older. To promote healthy aging, mind-body exercise should be used over a prolonged period to complement other types of exercise. Results of this review should be used to inform the development of guidelines to promote healthy aging.
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| 3. |
- Engel, Jörgen, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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A ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist attenuates the rewarding properties of morphine and increases opioid peptide levels in reward areas in mice
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 25:12, s. 2364-2371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut-brain hormones such as ghrelin have recently been suggested to have a role in reward regulation. Ghrelin was traditionally known to regulate food intake and body weight homoeostasis. In addition, recent work has pin-pointed that this peptide has a novel role in drug-induced reward, including morphine-induced increase in the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine in rats. Herein the effect of the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist, JMV2959, on morphine-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system was investigated in mice. In addition, the effects of JMV2959 administration on opioid peptide levels in reward related areas were investigated. In the present series of experiment we showed that peripheral JMV2959 administration, at a dose with no effect per se, attenuates the ability of morphine to cause locomotor stimulation, increase the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine and to condition a place preference in mice. JMV2959 administration significantly increased tissue levels of Metenkephalin-Arg(6)Phe(7) in the ventral tegmental area, dynorphin B in hippocampus and Leuenkephalin-Arg(6) in striatum. We therefore hypothesise that JMV2959 prevents morphine-induced reward via stimulation of delta receptor active peptides in striatum and ventral tegmental areas. In addition, hippocampal peptides that activate kappa receptor may be involved in JMV2959's ability to regulate memory formation of reward. Given that development of drug addiction depends, at least in part, of the effects of addictive drugs on the mesolimbic dopamine system the present data suggest that GIS-R1A antagonists deserve to be elucidated as novel treatment strategies of opioid addiction.
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| 4. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD bör uppmärksammas mer - tidiga insatser spar lidande.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorder affecting about 5 percent of children. About 2-3 percent meet diagnostic criteria in adulthood as well. The core symptoms include inattention with or without hyperactivity/restlessness and impulsivity. The main cognitive deficit involves executive functions, probably related to a weak reward system. Symptoms will affect daily functioning at home, among friends and at school/work. In girls and women particularly, a correct diagnosis of ADHD is often late, or is not at all appropriately considered. Co-existing disorders are common; dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder, emotional lability, conduct disorder, autistic symptoms, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, Tourette syndrome, eating disorder, sleeping disorder, and substance abuse. Extensive research in ADHD has increased knowledge in genetics, neurobiology, neuropsychology, intervention, and treatment. Despite this, many individuals with ADHD are not offered a correct assessment, and accordingly, not given appropriate support and treatment.
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| 5. |
- Haraldsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of work environment interventions in healthcare : A systematic literature review protocol [protocol]
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTIONOccupational health service (OHS) is considered an expert function when it comes to supporting workplaces in their systematic work environment management (SWEM). Scientific research shows that OHS is not used as support in preventive SWEM, but instead to support individuals when work related problems are already acquired. Since OHS is not used in preventive SWEM, the knowledge about how to conduct successful SWEM is limited. More knowledge about important implementation factors in this field is needed.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to increase the knowledge of how work environment interventions in healthcare settings are implemented and how this implementation affects the outcome.METHODSA systematic literature review with a narrative synthesis.DISCUSSIONThe results can be used as a guide for how to implement future work environment intervention studies. It can also be used as a guide to practical OHS work, how to support employers and employees inSWEM, or preventive work interventions with a systems approach. Increased knowledge and increased support within the work environment management might be of great value, benefiting employers, employees, the healthcare system and society.
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| 6. |
- Haraldsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace interventions focusing on how to plan, organize and design the work environment in hospital settings : A systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 78:2, s. 331-348
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Occupational Health Service (OHS) is a service that should support employers and employees with their work environment. Previous research indicates the need for deeper knowledge about the effect of workplace interventions with a focus on planning, organizing and designing the workplace to improve work conditions in hospital settings.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the outcomes, workplace interventions and intervention strategies in hospital settings.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2021. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Study results are presented through a narrative synthesis. A protocol for this study was registered on the Open Science Framework.RESULTS: Twenty-six studies, published between 2010 and 2021, were included. These included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and mixed methods reports with moderate to good quality. The results support the use of workplace interventions to improve work conditions, health, and well-being in hospital settings. Combinations of different interventions, tailored to the specific organization, were used. Important intervention strategies commonly used in the start-up, evaluation, and intervention of successful workplace interventions, were identified. Using a pragmatist complexity approach in workplace interventions can improve outcomes by providing clear intervention strategies and combinations of tailored interventions, related to context specific problems.CONCLUSION: OHS support in workplace interventions with clear intervention strategies will contribute to improve work conditions, health and well-being in hospital settings.
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| 7. |
- Haraldsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace interventions focusing on how to plan, organize and design the work environment in hospital settings : A systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; , s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Occupational Health Service (OHS) is a service that should support employers and employees with theirwork environment. Previous research indicates the need for deeper knowledge about the effect of workplace interventionswith a focus on planning, organizing and designing the workplace to improve work conditions in hospital settings.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the outcomes, workplace interventions and intervention strategies in hospital settings.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of ScienceCore Collection were searched in September 2021. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the quality ofthe included studies. Study results are presented through a narrative synthesis. A protocol for this study was registered onthe Open Science Framework.RESULTS: Twenty-six studies, published between 2010 and 2021, were included. These included randomized controlledtrials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and mixed methods reports with moderate to good quality. The results support the use of workplaceinterventions to improve work conditions, health, and well-being in hospital settings. Combinations of different interventions,tailored to the specific organization, were used. Important intervention strategies commonly used in the start-up, evaluation,and intervention of successful workplace interventions, were identified. Using a pragmatist complexity approach in workplaceinterventions can improve outcomes by providing clear intervention strategies and combinations of tailored interventions,related to context specific problems.CONCLUSION: OHS support in workplace interventions with clear intervention strategies will contribute to improve workconditions, health and well-being in hospital settings.
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| 8. |
- Landgren, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Belonging, happiness, freedom and empowerment - a qualitative study of patients' understanding of health in early rheumatoid arthritis
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Rheumatology. - London : Springer Nature. - 2520-1026. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory joint disease, that influences patients’ health in different ways, including physical, social, emotional, and psychological aspects. The goal of rheumatology care is to achieve optimal health and personalised care and therefore, it is essential to understand what health means for patients in the early course of RA. The aim of this study was to describe the understanding of health among patients with early RA.Methods: The study had a descriptive qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach. Phenomenography is used to analyse, describe, and understand various ways people understand or experience a phenomenon, in this study, patients’ understandings of health. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 patients (22 women and nine men, aged (38–80) with early RA, defined as a disease duration of < 1 year, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for 3–7 months. The phenomenographic analysis was conducted in 7 steps, and the outcome space presents the variation in understanding and the interrelation among categories. In accordance with the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology’s (EULAR) recommendations, a patient research partner participated in all phases of the study.Results: The analysis revealed four main descriptive categories: ‘Health as belonging’ was described as experiencing a sense of coherence. ‘Health as happiness’ was understood as feeling joy in everyday life. ‘Health as freedom’ was understood as feeling independent. ‘Health as empowerment’ was understood as feeling capable. Essential health aspects in early RA are comprised of a sense of coherence, joy, independence, and the capability to manage everyday life.Conclusions: This study revealed that patients’ perception of health in early RA encompasses various facets, including a sense of belonging, happiness, freedom, and empowerment. It highlighted that health is multifaceted and personal, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging this diversity in providing person-centred care. The findings can guide healthcare professionals to deepen patients’ participation in treatment goals, which may lead to better treatment adherence and health outcomes. © The Author(s) 2024.
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| 9. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Inability to start or complete upper secondary school strongly predicts unemployment and psychosocial and psychiatric adversities - A register-based follow-up study from southwestern Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo study academic, social and psychiatric outcomes among adults in the general population in southwestern Sweden. Groups of individuals born in 1998 and ineligible, eligible but not completed, and eligible and completed upper secondary school were followed in 2020.MethodsData were retrieved from Statistics Sweden, the Swedish National Agency for Education, the Longitudinal Integrated Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies, the Swedish National Crime Register and the National Patient Register. The four adverse outcomes neither engaging in post-secondary studies nor having a regular salary, needing social benefits, having any criminal conviction, and having a psychiatric disorder at age >= 16 were examined.ResultsOf the final sample of 2706 individuals who had attended 9th grade of compulsory school in 2014, 273 (10%) were ineligible for upper secondary school. Of eligible individuals, 82 (3%) never started, 282 (10%) did not complete and 2065 (77%) completed upper secondary school. Compared with completers, the odds ratios for adverse outcomes were markedly increased for all other groups up to 22 years old.ConclusionInability to start or complete upper secondary school strongly predicted unemployment and psychosocial and psychiatric adversities. School authorities should consider offering vocational programmes post compulsory school without grade restrictions.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Ingrid, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Patients’ experiences of living with RA after 1-2 years of DMARD treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reumabulletinen. - Stockholm : Svensk reumatologisk förening. - 2000-2246 .- 2001-8061. ; 154:4, s. 66-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease with a great impact on all aspects of life. Living with RA affects patients’ health including physical, emotional, psychological, and social aspects. Patients with RA are treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and monitored with tight control to achieve low disease activity or remission. Nevertheless, RA can be life-changing when the patients need long-term treatment to control the disease activity. The goal of treatment for patients with chronic diseases such as RA is to achieve optimal health and a life as normal as possible. It is therefore important to gain knowledge about how patients experience everyday life a short period after the initiation of DMARD treatment. Aim: To describe patients’ experiences of living with RA after 1-2 years of DMARD treatment.Methods: The study has a qualitative design with an inductive approach. Focus groups (n=17) and individual (n=5) interviews were conducted with 22 patients with RA. The participants consisted of 15 women and 7 men with a mean age of 57 years and a disease duration of 12-21 months. The participants were treated with conventional or biological DMARDS for 12-20 months. The main questions were: “Can you tell me how RA impacts your daily life?” “Which outcomes of your RA are important to you at this moment?“ The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis and five categories with an overarching theme emerged (Table 1).Results: Patients’ experiences of living with RA after 1-2 years of DMARD treatment lead to new insights into life and were expressed as 1) Surrendering to disease limitations due to being restricted by pain, fatigue, and in function; 2) Adapting to disease limitations by adjusting one´s work balance and one’s social life; 3) Transitioning in self-identity due to disease limitations by not recognising oneself and experiencing a change of bodily appearance and mood; 4) Fighting disease limitations by experiencing joy through exercise, promoting health by exercise and dietary habits, and; 5) Feeling humility despite disease limitations by being grateful for the treatment and seizing the day.Conclusions: Despite the fact that patients have been living with RA and treated with DMARD for 1-2 years, they are still struggling to make everyday life work. Although patients adapt their lives to the new conditions, their lives are affected by symptoms such as fatigue, pain, stiffness, and side effects such as nausea, hair loss, and weight gain. However, patients highlight the positive effects of how exercise influences their health and how living with RA leads to new insights into life.
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