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- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-
(författare)
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The importance of boundaries : Boundary work in IPBES
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Expert organizations in nature conservation are often described as boundary organizations that facilitate science-policy interfaces. Besides the boundary between science and policy, boundary organizations need to manage other social boundaries, such as between different knowledge forms and between different categories of actors. In order to shape credible, legitimate, and policy relevant knowledge a boundary organization has to make use of competences from both sides of these boundaries. However, this boundary management is to a large extent concealed for those external to it. Focusing the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), this study explores how boundaries are created and managed, as well as how they become important in order to shape credible, legitimate, and policy relevant knowledge. In particular, three boundaries are analyzed: between science and policy, between scientific knowledge and indigenous and local knowledge, and between senior and young experts. Three questions are central; how are boundaries created and managed in the process of knowledge production?; how does boundary work on different boundaries in the same organization intersect and influence one another?; how is boundary work important, and what role does it play for the production of policy relevant knowledge? The empirical material consists of official documents from IPBES and interviews with IPBES fellows. By showing how different boundaries intersect in the construction of expert knowledge, this study deepens the understanding of the preconditions for expert-based policy recommendations in nature conservation.
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- Ingelsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin resistance and risk of congestive heart failure
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 294:3, s. 334-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Diabetes and obesity are established risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF) and are both associated with insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To explore if insulin resistance may predict CHF and may provide the link between obesity and CHF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, a prospective, community-based, observational cohort in Uppsala, Sweden. We investigated 1187 elderly (>or=70 years) men free from CHF and valvular disease at baseline between 1990 and 1995, with follow-up until the end of 2002. Variables reflecting insulin sensitivity (including euglycemic insulin clamp glucose disposal rate) and obesity were analyzed together with established risk factors (prior myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, and serum cholesterol level) as predictors of subsequent incidence of CHF, using Cox proportional hazards analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: First hospitalization for heart failure. RESULTS: One hundred four men developed CHF during a median follow-up of 8.9 (range, 0.01-11.4) years. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for established risk factors for CHF, increased risk of CHF was associated with a 1-SD increase in the 2-hour glucose value of an oral glucose tolerance test (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.93), fasting serum proinsulin level (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.64), body mass index (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.65), and waist circumference (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10-1.69), whereas a 1-SD increase in clamp glucose disposal rate decreased the risk (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.86). When adding clamp glucose disposal rate to these models as a covariate, the obesity variables were no longer significant predictors of subsequent CHF. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance predicted CHF incidence independently of established risk factors including diabetes in our large community-based sample of elderly men. The previously described association between obesity and subsequent CHF may be mediated largely by insulin resistance.
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- Ingelsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Low-grade albuminuria and the incidence of heart failure in a community-based cohort of elderly men
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 28:14, s. 1739-1745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate associations of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and heart failure (HF) incidence in a community-based sample. Methods and results In a prospective study of 70-year-old men free from HF at baseline (n = 1106), UAER (from timed overnight samples) was analysed with established risk factors for HF [acute MI before baseline, acute MI during follow-up (modelled as a time-dependent covariate), hypertension, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, body mass index, and glomerular filtration rate] and more recently described risk factors [high-sensitive C-reactive protein and insulin sensitivity (clamp glucose disposal rate)] as predictors of HF incidence. Ninety-eight participants developed HF during a median follow-up of 9.0 years. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for established and novel risk factors for HF, a 1 SD increase in log UAER increased the risk of HF in individuals without anti-hypertensive treatment (hazard ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.13–1.98; P = 0.005). Furthermore, UAER remained an independent predictor of HF, also in participants without diabetes at baseline or myocardial infarction at baseline or during follow-up. There were no significant associations between UAER and HF incidence in individuals with anti-hypertensive treatment. Conclusion Our observations support the notion that low-grade albuminuria is a marker for subclinical cardiovascular damage that predisposes to future HF in the community.
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- Ingelsson, Erik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Nationwide cohort study of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and incident or recurrent cardiovascular disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 129:3, s. 702-707.e2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The leukotriene pathway has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of the antileukotriene treatment used in asthmatic patients on cardiovascular outcomes have remained largely unexplored.OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine a potential protective role of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on future risk of incident and recurrent myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.METHODS: A nationwide population-based cohort of approximately 7 million persons integrating data from the Prescribed Drug, Patient, Cause of Death, Income, Educational, and Emigration Registers was followed from July 1, 2005, to December 31, 2008. Analyses were performed in the whole population after exclusion of subjects with a prior cardiovascular diagnosis (incident events; sample size, n = 6,910,923 for myocardial infarction and n = 6,932,578 for stroke) and in subjects with a prior diagnosis (recurrent events; n = 153,937 and n = 132,291 for stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively).RESULTS: Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) did not reveal an association of montelukast use with incident events. In contrast to these findings, montelukast use was associated with a lower risk for recurrent stroke (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38-0.99) accounting for age, sex, education level, and yearly income. Adjusting the latter finding also for respiratory and cardiovascular medications and diagnoses revealed similar point estimates (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-1.0). Post hoc analyses revealed a significant association of montelukast use with a lower risk for recurrent myocardial infarction in male subjects (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43-0.99).CONCLUSION: These data provide a first indication for a potential role of the antiasthma drug montelukast for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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- Mishra, Deepak, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Reciprocity-Based Backscattering with a Full-Duplex Antenna Array Reader
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS (SPAWC). - : IEEE. - 9781538635124 ; , s. 11-15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backscatter communication (BSC) technology can enable ubiquitous deployment of low-cost sustainable wireless devices. In this work we investigate the efficacy of a full-duplex antenna array reader in overcoming the limited communication range bottleneck of monostatic BSCs. As performance is strongly influenced by the channel estimation (CE) quality, we first derive a novel least-squares estimator (LSE) for the forward and backward links between the reader and the tag, assuming that reciprocity holds. After defining the transceiver design at reader using this LSE, we optimize the energy allocation for the CE and information decoding phases, to maximize the average backscattered signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The unimodality of this SNR in optimization variable along with a tight approximation for the global optimal design are also presented. Lastly, numerical results validate the proposed analysis and present key insights into the optimal LSE and energy allocation.
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- Musilova, Ivana, et al.
(författare)
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Amniotic fluid prostaglandin E2 in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-4954. ; 29:18, s. 2915-2923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine amniotic fluid prostaglandin E2 concentrations in women preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) with respect to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), intraamniotic inflammation (IAI), microbial-associated IAI, histological chorioamnionitis, and short-term neonatal morbidity.
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