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- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 2. |
- Björklund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion and social motivation in university students´ real life moral dilemmas
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studied the relationship between motivation and approaches to moral decision-making, and the emotions experienced in moral dilemmas. 44 students were interviewed about a dilemma they had faced. Intimacy was related to a preference for making decisions after having consulted others and to being open to their values and norms, whereas achievement was related to consequence-oriented reasoning and concrete construal of moral problems. When asked to relive their moral dilemma, participants scored lower than their baseline level on a mood questionnaire, females scoring lower than the males. Possible implications of emotion on cognitive processes involved in solving moral dilemmas are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Jönbrink, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Create Competitiveness In A Sustainable Society : - Use Ecodesign, In Cooperation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. - Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ; , s. 430-433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper will describe a new methodology for the use of Ecodesign, where various competences are combined to obtain high quality results. The competences needed are: Environmental experts, who can evaluate the environmental performance of a product or service through Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, material- and process experts for the materials and processes in the targeted product or service, experts of the final product or service who can provide high quality data for the LCA. This cross functional team can develop new products or services, with high performance combined with low environmental impact, applying ecodesign when cooperating closely. Using this methodology is a feasible way to obtain improved competitiveness for the industry in a sustainable society.
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| 4. |
- Adolfo, Eldridge Vigil, et al.
(författare)
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Electoral Violence in Africa
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the time period 2012–2013, over 20 national elections and two constitutional referendums are scheduled in Africa. In several of these elections, violence is anticipated to play a prominent role. There is great urgency to support the establishment of effective and legitimate electoral institutions and electoral frameworks; institute reforms aimed at lowering the stakes of elections; encourage the devolution of powers; improve the socio-economic standing of the populace; and devise strategies to prevent and manage electoral violence.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Mats, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Non-pluripolar energy and the complex Monge-Ampere operator
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal Fur Die Reine Und Angewandte Mathematik. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0075-4102 .- 1435-5345. ; 2022:792, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given a domain Omega subset of C-n we introduce a class of plurisubharmonic (psh) functions G(Omega) and Monge-Ampere operators u -> [dd(c)u](p), p <= n, on G(Omega) that extend the Bedford-Taylor-Demailly Monge-Ampere operators. Here [dd(c)u](p) is a closed positive current of bidegree (p, p) that dominates the non-pluripolar Monge-Ampere current < dd(c)u >(p). We prove that [dd(c)u](p) is the limit of Monge-Ampere currents of certain natural regularizations of u. On a compact Kahler manifold (X, omega) we introduce a notion of non-pluripolar energy and a corresponding finite energy class G(X, omega) subset of PSH(X, omega) that is a global version of the class G(Omega). From the local construction we get global Monge-Ampere currents [dd(c)phi + omega](p) for phi is an element of G(X, omega) that only depend on the current dd(c)phi + omega. The limits of Monge-Ampere currents of certain natural regularizations of phi can be expressed in terms of [dd(c)phi + omega](j) for j <= p. We get a mass formula involving the currents [dd(c)phi + omega](p) that describes the loss of mass of the non-pluripolar Monge-Ampere measure < dd(c)phi + omega >(n). The class G(X, omega) includes omega-psh functions with analytic singularities and the class E(X, omega) of omega-psh functions of finite energy and certain other convex energy classes, although it is not convex itself.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Strategi för utveckling av en samhällsekonomisk analysmodell för drift, underhåll och reinvestering av väg- och järnvägsinfrastruktur
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Möjligheten att fatta beslut om behovet av anslagsmedel till drift, underhåll och reinvestering av vägaroch järnvägar baserat på ett väl strukturerat underlag är idag små. Detta skapar betydande risker attmedel används på ett samhällsekonomiskt ineffektivt sätt. För att Trafikverket ska kunna genomföradenna verksamhet så att sannolikheten att medlen används på rätt sätt ökar krävs därför en utveckling avett transparent beslutstöd.VTI redovisar i föreliggande rapport en kartläggning av kunskapsläget inom de olika delområden därkunskaper krävs för att få till stånd en samhällsekonomisk analys av drift, underhåll och reinvestering.Vår bedömning är att det idag inte finns modellverktyg som gör det möjligt att utan vidare genomförasådana analyser. Samtidigt visar genomgången att det finns goda förutsättningar att redan inom relativtkort tid ta fram ett underlag som gör det möjligt att besvara åtminstone delar av de frågeställningar somformulerats. Genomgången pekar således på att det finns stora möjligheter att flytta fram positionernabåde inom väg- och järnvägsområdet. Fem specifika projekt har utformats varav tre avser insatser på kortsikt och två på lång sikt. Målsättningen på lång sikt är att kunna göra en bedömning av vilkenkostnadsvolym och tillståndsnivå som behövs utifrån ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv på olika vägaroch järnvägar.
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| 10. |
- Bergenudd, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous iron(II)-chloride mediated radical polymerization of styrene
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A. - : Elsevier BV. - 1381-1169 .- 1873-314X. ; 306:1-2, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an attempt to perform atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with a more environmentally friendly mediator, polymerization of styrene in the presence of iron(II)-chloride and EDTA was explored from a mechanistic point of view. The presence of EDTA, which normally can form a complex with FeCl2, had no influence on the polymerization results as both the mediator and EDTA were insoluble in the polymerization medium. A mechanism is suggested for the heterogeneous polymerization of styrene mediated by iron (II)-chloride in p-xylene at 50 °C. Varying the mediator amount more than 10-fold revealed that the rate limiting step at low mediator amounts was the adsorption of the initiator or dormant polymer to the mediator surface, whereas at higher mediator amounts, the rate limiting step was instead the activation step in the ATRP equilibrium. The mechanism changed to free radical polymerization in solution at a certain conversion, resulting in lower apparent rate constant and an increased amount of transfer and termination reactions. Chain extension with MMA showed that a significant proportion of the polymer chain ends were active also at high conversions.
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