| 1. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Legislative Readiness for RED
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An analysis of the legislative readiness among exporting countries to produce biofuels in compliance with the sustainability criteria in the EU Renewable Energy Directive
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| 3. |
- Engström, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Producing Feedstock for Biofuels : Land-Use and Local Environmental Impacts
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Feedstock production and conversion to biofuels can affect the local environment in many different ways. Given that biofuels presently mostly are produced from conventional food crops, impacts resemble those characterising the present day agriculture. These depend on the crops produced, the production systems employed, governance conditions, and local environmental conditions. In the main report, production system characteristics and current documented environmental impacts related to e.g. air and water quality and biodiversity – associated with the production of relevant biofuel crops are presented in each country land-use profile
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of motility and piliation in pathogenic Neisseria
- 2015
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In: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The type IV pili (Tfp) of pathogenic Neisseria (i. e., N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis) are essential for twitching motility. Tfp retraction, which is dependent on the ATPase PilT, generates the forces that move bacteria over surfaces. Neisseria motility has mainly been studied in N. gonorrhoeae whereas the motility of N. meningitidis has not yet been characterized. Results: In this work, we analyzed bacterial motility and monitored Tfp retraction using live- cell imaging of freely moving bacteria. We observed that N. meningitidis moved over surfaces at an approximate speed of 1.6 mu m/s, whereas N. gonorrhoeae moved with a lower speed (1.0 mu/s). An alignment of the meningococcal and gonococcal pilT promoters revealed a conserved single base pair variation in the -10 promoter element that influence PilT expression. By tracking mutants with altered pilT expression or pilE sequence, we concluded that the difference in motility speed was independent of both. Live-cell imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that N. gonorrhoeae more often moved with fewer visible retracting filaments when compared to N. meningitidis. Correspondingly, meningococci also displayed a higher level of piliation in transmission electron microscopy. Nevertheless, motile gonococci that had the same number of filaments as N. meningitidis still moved with a lower speed. Conclusions: These data reveal differences in both speed and piliation between the pathogenic Neisseria species during twitching motility, suggesting a difference in Tfp-dynamics.
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| 8. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- Nensén, Oskar, 1992-
(author)
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Intrarenal oxygen homeostasis in acute and chronic kidney disease
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Renal hypoxia has been recognized as a common feature of acute and chronic kidney injury arising from varying etiologies. It has also been proposed to provide a driving mechanism for the transition from acute to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in the critically ill patient, but no targeted therapies exist to treat and prevent kidney injury and the progression to chronic kidney injury. This thesis aims to describe the alterations in renal hemodynamics and oxygenation in the setting of acute and chronic kidney injury and elucidate if restoration of the oxygen supply/demand relationship can prevent kidney dysfunction in these settings. Disruption of the filtration barrier and back-leak of sodium into the proximal tubule, resulting in a futile transport cycle, has been proposed to provide an explanation for the disruption of the oxygen supply/demand relationship in AKI. By inhibiting proximal sodium transport using the drug acetazolamide in an ischemia reperfusion (IR) model of AKI in rats, sodium transport efficiency and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were further impaired. This demonstrates that proximal tubular function is critical in the recovery from AKI. Hypoxia has been previously demonstrated to cause nephropathy. In a rat model of IR associated AKI we were able to demonstrate that further impairing renal oxygenation by subjecting rats to systemic hypoxia via alterations of inspired oxygen content. Conversely, by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen and increasing renal oxygen tension kidney dysfunction could be prevented. This provides support for the theory that increasing renal oxygenation can ameliorate AKI. Diabetes is a leading cause of CKD and associated with renal hypoxia, especially in the real medulla. The diuretic furosemide inhibits sodium transport in the outer medulla and has previously been demonstrated to increase tissue oxygen tension in this region. However, the hemodynamic actions of furosemide on the kidney are still unclear. By administering furosemide to diabetic rats with intact and removed renal capsule we could show that the reduction in renal blood flow through increased vascular resistance was due to increased hydrostatic pressure and removing the renal capsule completely ameliorated the reduction in renal blood flow. Major haemorrhage is a clinically relevant cause of AKI. In a rat model of haemorrhage associated AKI, loss of kidney function was prevented by treatment with OR-1896, an active metabolite of levosimendan. OR-1896 restored renal oxygenation by increasing renal blood flow through reduced renal vascular resistance and completely ameliorated the reduction in GFR observed in untreated haemorrhaged animals. In summary, the results from the studies included in this thesis show that preventing renal hypoxia and restoring renal oxygenation has the potential to prevent loss of function in kidney disease.
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| 10. |
- Nensén, Oskar, et al.
(author)
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Intrarenal oxygenation determines kidney function during the recovery from an ischemic insult
- 2020
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In: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1931-857X .- 1522-1466. ; 319:6, s. F1067-F1072
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant clinical problem associated with poor outcome. The kidney, due to its inhomogeneous blood flow, is particularly susceptible to changes in oxygen delivery, and intrarenal hypoxia is a hallmark of AKI and progression to chronic kidney disease. However, the role of intrarenal hypoxia per se in the recovery from an ischemic insult is presently unclear. The present study was designed to investigate 1) the role of systemic hypoxia in the acute progression and recovery of AKI and 2) whether increased intrarenal oxygenation improves recovery from an ischemic insult. Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral warm renal ischemia for 45 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion under systemic hypoxia (10% inspired oxygen), normoxia (21% inspired oxygen), or hyperoxia (60% inspired oxygen). Intrarenal oxygen tension was successfully manipulated by altering the inspired oxygen. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before the ischemic insult was independent of intrarenal oxygen tension. GFR during the recovery from the ischemic insult was significantly lower compared with baseline in all groups (3 ± 1%, 13 ± 1%, and 30 ± 11% of baseline for hypoxia, normoxia, and hyperoxia, respectively). However, GFR was significantly higher in hyperoxia than hypoxia (P < 0.05, hypoxia vs. hyperoxia). During recovery, renal blood flow was only reduced in hyperoxia, as a consequence of increased renal vascular resistance. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that renal function during the recovery from an ischemic insult is dependent on intrarenal oxygen availability, and normobaric hyperoxia treatment has the potential to protect kidney function.
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