| 1. |
- Balestrini, Mara, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration matters: capacity building, up-scaling, spreading, and sustainability in citizen-generated data projects
- 2021
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-9992. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Projects producing citizen-generating data (CGD) to provide evidence and to drive change have increased considerably in the last decade. Many of these initiatives build on multi-actor collaboration and are often supported by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the public sector, businesses or community-based organisations. The joint efforts of these actors are often necessary to provide the resources and the support that citizens need to produce data. In return, organisations can harness the data to support their objectives. The recent growth (or up-scaling) of CGD projects has created opportunities, as well as challenges for capacity building and sustainability. These challenges can affect the continuity and effectiveness of these initiatives and, in turn, the quality and utility of collected data. This paper analyses two CGD projects to consider their social implications and the measures necessary to increase their capacity, up-scaling, spreading, and sustainability. The case studies on noise monitoring and invasive alien species describe, respectively, a bottom-up approach at city level and a top-down approach at the European level. Regardless of the approach, capacity building requires a process of infrastructuring that engages different actors, responds to matters of concern, assesses community capacities and needs, and develops a vision and action plan. Further, the appropriation and repurposing of technical systems is required to scale up and spread CGD projects. In this process, participants’ activities are shaped by technologies, while the meaning and effects of technologies are shaped through participants’ activities.
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| 2. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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Experimenting with Open Innovation in Science (OIS) practices: A novel approach to co-developing research proposals
- 2021
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Ingår i: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation. - 2413-9505. ; 5:2, s. 28-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-producing scientific research with those who are affected by it is an emerging phenomenon in contemporary science. This article summarizes and reflects on both the process and outcome of a novel experiment to co-develop scientific research proposals in the field of Open Innovation in Science (OIS), wherein scholars engaged in the study of open and collaborative practices collaborated with the “users” of their research, i.e., scientists who apply such practices in their own research. The resulting co-developed research proposals focus on scientific collaboration, open data, and knowledge sharing and are available as an appendix to this article.
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| 3. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Open Innovation in Science research field: a collaborative conceptualisation approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:2, s. 136-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.
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| 4. |
- Brovelli, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Science in Support of Digital Earth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Manual of Digital Earth. - Singapore : Springer Verlag.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen science can be thought of as a tremendous catalyst for making Digital Earth a participation model of our world. This chapter presents a wide overview of the concept and practice of citizen science in terms of the technologies and social impact. Definitions of citizen science and various existing approaches to citizen involvement are described, from simple contributions to projects proposed by someone else to the design and planning of science as a bottom-up process. To illustrate these concepts, the relevant example of OpenStreetMap is described in detail, and other examples are mentioned and briefly discussed. Social innovation connected with citizen science is focused on to highlight different levels of direct citizen contributions to scientific research and indirect effects on academia, and studies driven by new questions that may support responsible research and innovation (RRI), governments and public administration in making better informed decisions. Despite its growth and success in relatively few years, citizen science has not fully overcome a number of persistent challenges related to quality, equity, inclusion, and governance. These themes and related complex facets are discussed in detail in the last section of the chapter.
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| 5. |
- Castell, Nuria, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Science for Environmental Governance in the Nordic Region
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fast Track to Vision 2030. - Oslo : NordForsk.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental citizen science can be a great tool for a green, competitive, and socially sustainable Nordic Region. It fosters collaboration between citizens, researchers, communities, and authorities to collectively tackle environmental challenges, and encourages participation in decision-making processes related to environmental policies and conservation efforts. To advocate its importance and significance, this policy brief proposes four recommendations for the Nordic Council of Ministers and describes how best to connect and integrate environmental citizen science in the Nordic Region so as to achieve three relevant objectives of the Council's Action Plan.
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| 6. |
- Craglia, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Digitranscope: The governance of digitally-transformed society
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume presents the key outcomes and research findings of the Digitranscope research project of the European Commission Joint Research Centre. The project set out to explore during the period 2017-2020 the challenges and opportunities that the digital transformation is posing to the governance of society. We focused our attention on the governance of data as a key aspect to understand and shape the governance of society. Data is a key resource in the digital economy, and control over the way it is generated, collected, aggregated, and value is extracted and distributed in society is crucial. We have explored the increasing awareness about the strategic importance of data and emerging governance models to distribute the value generated more equitably in society. These findings contribute to the new policy orientation in Europe on technological and data sovereignty and the sharing of data for the public interest. The digital transformation, the rise of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things offer also new opportunities for new forms of policy design, implementation, and assessment providing more personalised support to those who need it and being more participative throughout the policy cycle. The use of digital twins, gaming, simulation, and synthetic data is just beginning but promises to change radically the relationships among all the stakeholders in governance of our society.
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| 7. |
- Díaz, C.M.C., et al.
(författare)
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More than Data Gatherers: Exploring Player Experience in a Citizen Science Game
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quality and User Experience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2366-0147 .- 2366-0139. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of an exploratory player experience study on the game Quantum Moves, a citizen science game where players move quantum particles to help create a quantum computer. Eight-hundred-and-seventeen players responded to a 13-question exploratory survey constructed to understand how players relate to the game, what are their motivations, and how could the game be improved. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Specifically, the thematic analysis helped to identify two cross-cutting themes amongst the players: (a) learning and (b) the opportunity to contribute to science. Results indicate that the opportunity to help science, along with game design, game elements, involvement of players with the scientific community, and players’ strategies influence the experience. Implications of the particular findings for the research on player experience on citizen science games and development of evaluation methods are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Ekman, Karin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Agency and responsibility in smart air pollution monitoring.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech), 21-23 June, 2023. Split-Bol, Croatia.. - : IEEE Publisher. - 9798350323207
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we use two cases to illustrate the role of citizens, researchers, and low-cost sensors for air quality monitoring in communal smart environments. In these settings, human-sensor collaborations might reconfigure relations between actors of Citizen Science and the political processes in the terms of roles, agency, and responsibilities. By looking at two cases run in Denmark and Norway, we strive to understand the roles played by citizens, researchers, and sensors in air quality monitoring, the responsibilities assigned to citizens and sensors in producing data about air pollution, and how the quality of the collected data was judged. The two cases show that low-cost sensors constitute an important driver for participation. By collecting data that can be used by local governments to derive relevant insights and informing action, citizens can be more actively involved in improving and maintaining the quality of their living environment. In both cases, we see the sensors as holding the potential to change the way citizens look at their living environments and facilitate data creation as a purposeful and meaningful social activity.
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| 9. |
- Franzen, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Learning in Citizen Science: Promises and Implications
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Science of Citizen Science. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 183-198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter gives an account of both opportunities and challenges of human–machine collaboration in citizen science. In the age of big data, scientists are facing the overwhelming task of analysing massive amounts of data, and machine learning techniques are becoming a possible solution. Human and artificial intelligence can be recombined in citizen science in numerous ways. For example, citizen scientists can be involved in training machine learning algorithms in such a way that they perform certain tasks such as image recognition. To illustrate the possible applications in different areas, we discuss example projects of human–machine cooperation with regard to their underlying concepts of learning. The use of machine learning techniques creates lots of opportunities, such as reducing the time of classification and scaling expert decision-making to large data sets. However, algorithms often remain black boxes and data biases are not visible at first glance. Addressing the lack of transparency both in terms of machine action and in handling user-generated data, the chapter discusses how machine learning is actually compatible with the idea of active citizenship and what conditions need to be met in order to move forward – both in citizen science and beyond.
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| 10. |
- Fruchter, R, et al.
(författare)
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Distributing attention across multiple social worlds
- 2010
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Ingår i: AI & Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 25:2, s. 169-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Being a member of both local and global teams requires constant distribution and re-distribution of attention, engagement, and intensive communication over synchronous and asynchronous channels with remote and local partners. We explore in this paper the increasing number of social worlds such participants distribute their attention to, how this affects their level of engagement and attention, and how the workspace, collaboration technologies, and interaction modes afford and constrain the communicative events. The use of information and collaboration technologies (ICT) shapes and reshapes work spaces, processes, and social interactions among team members, and team members reshape ICT and the way it is used. We use as a testbed the AEC Global Teamwork course established at Stanford in 1993 in collaboration with universities worldwide and provide examples from two sites—Stanford PBL Lab, California USA and Chalmers University, Goteborg Sweden. We used temporal analysis and qualitative methods of inquiry in order to study participants’ attention, how they used the site and the means, i.e., their social and material resources, to accomplish their interaction needs, and how they engaged throughout project reviews.
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