| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nomikos, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
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Delay- and Diversity-Aware Buffer-Aided Relay Selection Policies in Cooperative Networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 6, s. 73531-73547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buffer-Aided (BA) relaying has shown tremendous performance improvements in terms of throughput and outage probability, although it has been criticized of suffering from long delays that are restrictive for applications, such as video streaming, Web browsing, and file sharing. In this paper, we propose novel relay selection policies aiming at reducing the average delay by incorporating the buffer size of the relays into the decision making of the relay selection process. More specifically, we first propose two new delay-aware policies. One is based on the hybrid relay selection algorithm, where the relay selection takes into account the queue sizes so that the delay is reduced and the diversity is maintained. The other approach is based on the max - link relay selection algorithm. For the max - link algorithm, a delay-aware only approach starves the buffers and increases the outage probability of the system. Thus, for max - link, we propose a delay- and diversity-aware BA relay selection policy targeting the reduction of the average delay, while maintaining the diversity of the transmission. The proposed policies are analyzed by means of Markov Chains and expressions for the outage, throughput, and delay are derived. The asymptotic performance of the policies is also discussed. The improved performance in terms of delays and the use of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated via extensive simulations and comparisons, signifying, at the same time, the need for adaptive mechanisms to handle the interplay between delay and diversity.
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| 5. |
- Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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A delay-aware hybrid relay selection policy
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 23rd International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2016. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781509019908
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a novel relay selection policy based on the Hybrid Relay Selection (HRS) relay selection protocol that takes into account the state of the buffers and aims at reducing the average packet delays in the network. The proposed protocol, called the Delay-Aware HRS (DA - HRS) protocol is analyzed by means of Markov Chains and expressions for the outage probability, throughput and delay are derived. The distributed implementation of the protocol is also discussed. The performance of our proposed protocol is demonstrated via extensive simulations and comparisons with the classical HRS.
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| 6. |
- Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Delay-and diversity-Aware buffer-Aided relay selection policies in cooperative networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1525-3511. - 9781467398145
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose novel relay selection policies that aim at reducing the average delay by incorporating the buffer size of the relay nodes into the relay selection process. More specifically, we propose two delay-Aware protocols that are based on the max-link relay selection protocol. First, a delay-Aware only approach while it reduces the delays considerably it starves the buffers and increases the outage probability of the system. Towards this end, we propose a delay-and diversity-Aware buffer-Aided relay selection policy that aims at reducing the average delay considerably and at the same time maintaining good diversity. The protocols are analyzed by means of Markov Chains and expressions for the outage, throughput and delay are derived. The performance and use of our proposed algorithms is demonstrated via extensive simulations and comparisons.
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