| 1. |
- Ramstrand, Nerrolyn, et al.
(författare)
-
AAOP State-of-the-Science Evidence Report : The Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Balance - A Systematic Review.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of prosthetics and orthotics. - : American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists. - 1040-8800 .- 1534-6331. ; 22:4S, s. 4-23
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are typically designed to limit the motion of the ankle joint in one or more planes. Given that balance may be compromised when joint range of motion is restricted, an understanding of the relative effects of AFOs on balance performance is clinically relevant. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate existing evidence related to the effects of AFOs on static and dynamic balance. A search of appropriate medical databases was conducted, and 37 articles were found to satisfy predetermined inclusion criteria. Articles were categorized under two main areas: those investigating the use of AFOs designed for sporting applications (sports orthoses, 18 studies) and those investigating orthoses that are intended to facilitate ambulation in subjects with locomotor disorders (ambulatory orthoses, 19 studies). Combined results suggest that sports orthoses may facilitate certain aspects of balance in subjects with ankle instability and that balance is unlikely to be compromised when able-bodied subjects wear AFOs as a prophylactic measure. No evidence exists to suggest that any one design of sports orthosis is superior to another in terms of performance on balance measures. Results of studies involving ambulatory orthoses indicated that their effects on balance were largely dependent on the design characteristics of the orthosis used. Rigid AFOs seemed to facilitate static balance tasks, although the level of confidence in this outcome was relatively low. Under dynamic conditions, rigid AFOs seemed to compromise balance for the tested populations; confidence in this outcome was rated as moderate. A high level of confidence was ascribed to the statement that leaf spring AFOs, which allow controlled motion in the sagittal plane, seemed to facilitate both static and dynamic balance in the studied cohorts. ( J Prosthet Orthot. 2010;22:P4–P23.)
|
|
| 2. |
- Ramstrand, Nerrolyn, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Competency standards for newly graduated prosthetist/orthotists in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Prosthetics and Orthotics International. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0309-3646 .- 1746-1553. ; 42:4, s. 387-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There are currently no national competency standards upon which to develop educational objectives for prosthetist/orthotists in Sweden. While standards have been developed in other countries, they cannot be applied without confirming their relevance in a Swedish context.OBJECTIVES: To describe and obtain consensus on core competencies required for newly graduated prosthetist/orthotists in Sweden.STUDY DESIGN: Modified Delphi process.METHODS: A modified Delphi technique was carried out. Focus groups were initially used to identify core competency domains. Two consecutive questionnaires, containing a list of potential competency items, were sent to a group of stakeholders with ties to the prosthetic and orthotic profession. Stakeholders were requested to rate their level of agreement with each competency item and provide written comments. Finally, two focus groups were conducted to obtain feedback on the draft competency standards.RESULTS: Forty-four competency items, listed under five key domains of practice, were identified as essential for newly graduated prosthetist/orthotists in Sweden.CONCLUSIONS: Many similarities exist in core competency descriptions for prosthetist/orthotists in Sweden when compared to other countries. Regional differences do however exist, and it is important to confirm the relevance of core competency items at a national level before they are applied. Clinical relevance Competency standards developed in this study can be used to guide development of learning objectives within an undergraduate prosthetic and orthotic program, provide a framework for workforce development, assist professional organizations in understanding the needs of their members, and prepare for international accreditation.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Ramstrand, Nerrolyn, et al.
(författare)
-
Relative effects of posture and activity on human height estimation from surveillance footage.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 212:1-3, s. 27-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height estimations based on security camera footage are often requested by law enforcement authorities. While valid and reliable techniques have been established to determine vertical distances from video frames, there is a discrepancy between a person's true static height and their height as measured when assuming different postures or when in motion (e.g., walking). The aim of the research presented in this report was to accurately record the height of subjects as they performed a variety of activities typically observed in security camera footage and compare results to height recorded using a standard height measuring device. Forty-six able bodied adults participated in this study and were recorded using a 3D motion analysis system while performing eight different tasks. Height measurements captured using the 3D motion analysis system were compared to static height measurements in order to determine relative differences. It is anticipated that results presented in this report can be used by forensic image analysis experts as a basis for correcting height estimations of people captured on surveillance footage.
|
|
| 5. |
- Areskoug Josefsson, Kristina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prosthetic and orthotic students’ attitudes toward addressing sexual health in their future profession
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Prosthetics and Orthotics International. - : Sage Publications. - 0309-3646 .- 1746-1553. ; 42:6, s. 612-619
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Prosthetists and orthotists have a responsibility to direct treatment toward enabling their clients to perform desired activities and to facilitate participation of their clients in all areas of life. This may include provision of assistive technologies to help clients meet goals related to participation in sexual activities. To help prosthetic and orthotic students develop competencies in dealing with the sexual health of their future clients, it is necessary to generate knowledge of their own perceived competence and capacity.Objectives:To explore prosthetic and orthotic students’ attitudes and competence toward working with sexual health and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Students’ Attitudes Towards Addressing Sexual Health questionnaire.Study design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Students enrolled in all three years of an undergraduate prosthetic and orthotic program were requested to complete the Students’ Attitudes Towards Addressing Sexual Health questionnaire (n = 65). Reliability and validity were evaluated using the content validity index and Cronbach’s alpha.Results:Students felt unprepared to talk about sexual health with future clients and thought that they would be embarrassed if they raised the issue. No differences were identified between students enrolled in each of the three years of the program and few differences were observed between male and female students. The content validity index values were low but improved as the students’ level of education increased. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was acceptable (α = 0.86).Conclusion:Prosthetic and orthotic students are unprepared to address sexual health issues with their future clients. There is a need to provide students with training related to sexual health issues.Clinical relevance:This study indicates the need for additional education of prosthetic and orthotic students in issues related to sexual health and how to address sexual health issues with clients. Results can be used to develop training programs for students and will serve to improve the sexual health of individuals who receive prosthetic and orthotic services.
|
|
| 6. |
- Blomstrand, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Mind body exercise improves cognitive function more than aerobic- and resistance exercise in healthy adults aged 55 years and older : an umbrella review
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. - : Springer. - 1813-7253 .- 1861-6909. ; 20:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise is often cited as a major factor contributing to improved cognitive functioning. As a result, the relationship between exercise and cognition has received much attention in scholarly literature. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses present varying and sometimes conflicting results about the extent to which exercise can influence cognition. The aim of this umbrella review was to summarize the effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions (global cognition, executive function, memory, attention, or processing speed) in healthy adults & GE; 55 years of age.Methods An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on cognition was performed. Databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception until June 2023 for reviews of randomized or non-randomised controlled trials. Full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and methodological quality assessed. Overlap within included reviews was assessed using the corrected covered area method (CCA). A random effects model was used to calculate overall pooled effect size with sub-analyses for specific cognitive domains, exercise type and timing of exercise.Results Database searches identified 9227 reviews. A total of 20 met the inclusion criteria. They were based on 332 original primary studies. Overall quality of the reviews was considered moderate with most meeting 8 or more of the 16 AMSTAR 2 categories. Overall pooled effects indicated that exercise in general has a small positive effect on cognition (d = 0.22; SE = 0.04; p < 0.01). Mind-body exercise had the greatest effect with a pooled effect size of (d = 0.48; SE = 0.06; p < 0.001). Exercise had a moderate positive effect on global cognition (d = 0.43; SE = 0,11; p < 0,001) and a small positive effect on executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Chronic exercise was more effective than acute exercise. Variation across studies due to heterogeneity was considered very high.Conclusions Mind-body exercise has moderate positive effects on the cognitive function of people aged 55 or older. To promote healthy aging, mind-body exercise should be used over a prolonged period to complement other types of exercise. Results of this review should be used to inform the development of guidelines to promote healthy aging.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
