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- Buchner, F. L., et al.
(author)
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Fruits and vegetables consumption and the risk of histological subtypes of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2010
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 21:3, s. 357-371
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of different histological subtypes of lung cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the data. A calibration study in a subsample was used to reduce dietary measurement errors. Results During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,830 incident cases of lung cancer (574 adenocarcinoma, 286 small cell, 137 large cell, 363 squamous cell, 470 other histologies) were identified. In line with our previous conclusions, we found that after calibration a 100 g/day increase in fruit and vegetables consumption was associated with a reduced lung cancer risk (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99). This was also seen among current smokers (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.90-0.97). Risks of squamous cell carcinomas in current smokers were reduced for an increase of 100 g/day of fruit and vegetables combined (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.94), while no clear effects were seen for the other histological subtypes. Conclusion We observed inverse associations between the consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of lung cancer without a clear effect on specific histological subtypes of lung cancer. In current smokers, consumption of vegetables and fruits may reduce lung cancer risk, in particular the risk of squamous cell carcinomas.
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| 2. |
- Miller, AB, et al.
(author)
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Fruits and vegetables and lung cancer: Findings from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 108:2, s. 269-276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intake of fruits and vegetables is thought to protect against the development of lung cancer. However, some recent cohort and case-control studies have shown no protective effect. We have assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and lung cancer incidence in the large prospective investigation on diet and cancer, the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We studied data from 478,021 individuals that took part in the EPIC study, who were recruited from 10 European countries and who completed a dietary questionnaire during 1992-1998. Follow-up was to December 1998 or 1999, but for some centres with active follow-up to June 2002. During follow-up, 1,074 participants were reported to have developed lung cancer, of whom 860 were eligible for our analysis. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to determine the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the incidence of lung cancer. We paid particular attention to adjustment for smoking. Relative risk estimates were obtained using fruit and vegetable intake categorised by sex-specific, cohort-wide quintiles. After adjustment for age, smoking, height, weight and gender, there was a significant inverse association between fruit consumption and lung cancer risk: the hazard ratio for the highest quintile of consumption relative to the lowest being 0.60 (95% Confidence Interval 0.46-0.78), p for trend 0.0099. The association was strongest in the Northern Europe centres, and among current smokers at baseline, and was strengthened when the 293 lung cancers diagnosed in the first 2 years of follow-up were excluded from the analysis. There was no association between vegetable consumption or vegetable subtypes and lung cancer risk. The findings from this analysis can be regarded as re-enforcing recommendations with regard to enhanced fruit consumption for populations. However, the effect is likely to be small compared to smoking cessation.
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| 6. |
- Worku, Z. A., et al.
(author)
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Modelling and understanding powder flow properties and compactability of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients and physical mixtures from critical material properties
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 531:1, s. 191-204
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of solid dosage forms and manufacturing processes are governed by complex physical properties of the powder and the type of pharmaceutical unit operation the manufacturing processes employs. Suitable powder flow properties and compactability are crucial bulk level properties for tablet manufacturing by direct compression. It is also generally agreed that small scale powder flow measurements can be useful to predict large scale production failure. In this study, predictive multilinear regression models were effectively developed from critical material properties to estimate static powder flow parameters from particle size distribution data for a single component and for binary systems. A multilinear regression model, which was successfully developed for ibuprofen, also efficiently predicted the powder flow properties for a range of batches of two other active pharmaceutical ingredients processed by the same manufacturing route. The particle size distribution also affected the compactability of ibuprofen, and the scope of this work will be extended to the development of predictive multivariate models for compactability, in a similar manner to the approach successfully applied to flow properties.
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| 8. |
- Birve, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Su(z)12, a novel Drosophila Polycomb group gene that is conserved in vertebrates and plants.
- 2001
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In: Development. - 0950-1991. ; 128:17, s. 3371-9
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In both Drosophila and vertebrates, spatially restricted expression of HOX genes is controlled by the Polycomb group (PcG) repressors. Here we characterize a novel Drosophila PcG gene, Suppressor of zeste 12 (Su(z)12). Su(z)12 mutants exhibit very strong homeotic transformations and Su(z)12 function is required throughout development to maintain the repressed state of HOX genes. Unlike most other PcG mutations, Su(z)12 mutations are strong suppressors of position-effect variegation (PEV), suggesting that Su(z)12 also functions in heterochromatin-mediated repression. Furthermore, Su(z)12 function is required for germ cell development. The Su(z)12 protein is highly conserved in vertebrates and is related to the Arabidopsis proteins EMF2, FIS2 and VRN2. Notably, EMF2 is a repressor of floral homeotic genes. These results suggest that at least some of the regulatory machinery that controls homeotic gene expression is conserved between animals and plants.
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| 9. |
- Hodnett, B. K., et al.
(author)
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The SSPC : Leading the way for next-generation medicines manufacture
- 2015
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In: European Pharmaceutical Review. - : Russell Publishing. - 1360-8606. ; 20:4, s. 33-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), a global hub of pharmaceutical process innovation and advanced manufacturing, is funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and Industry, and represents a unique collaboration between 22 industry partners, nine research performing organisations and 12 international academic collaborators (Figure 1; page 34). It is a €42 million state-industry investment, which supports a globally-leading research team of 38 investigators, 34 post-doctoral researchers and 60 PhD candidates. As the largest research collaboration in Ireland and one of the largest globally within the pharmaceutical area, the SSPC transcends company and academic boundaries (Figure 2; page 34). Its role is to link experienced scientists and engineers in academia and the pharmaceutical industry, to address critical research challenges and to deliver industry-relevant solutions, which result in job growth and retention within the pharmaceutical industry.
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| 10. |
- Hu, Y., et al.
(author)
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Solid-state transformations of sulfathiazole polymorphs : The effects of milling and humidity
- 2013
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In: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7483 .- 1528-7505. ; 13:8, s. 3404-3413
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of milling on the transitions of sulfathiazole polymorphs in the absence and presence of solvent and excipients was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR), and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Sulfathiazole forms FII-FV undergo a transformation toward the metastable FI, which involves an intermediate amorphous stage upon milling at ambient temperature. Milling the commercial form (FC) with catalytic amounts of solvent converts it to pure FIV or to mixtures of FI and FIV depending on the solvent used. Pure FIV can be easily prepared from FC by this method. The physical stability of nonmechanically activated pure sulfathiazole forms in the presence of different levels of relative humidity (RH) was also investigated. At low RH, all sulfathiazole forms are kinetically stable, but at RH levels above 70% FII, FC and FIV remain stable, while FI and FV transform to mixtures of FII and FIV without any apparent change in the external form of the crystals. Comilling FC with a range of excipients gave results that depended on the excipient used, and comilling with cellulose gave samples that had an amorphous content that was stable at 10% RH for at least nine months at ambient temperature.
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