| 1. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Jianguo, et al.
(författare)
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Spillover systems in a telecoupled Anthropocene : typology, methods, and governance for global sustainability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435. ; 33, s. 58-69
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world has become increasingly telecoupled through distant flows of information, energy, people, organisms, goods, and matter. Recent advances suggest that telecouplings such as trade and species invasion often generate spillover systems with profound effects. To untangle spillover complexity, we make the first attempt to develop a typology of spillover systems based on six criteria: flows from and to sending and receiving systems, distances from sending and receiving systems, types of spillover effects, sizes of spillover systems, roles of agents in spillover systems, and the origin of spillover systems. Furthermore, we highlight a portfolio of qualitative and quantitative methods for detecting the often-overlooked spillover systems. To effectively govern spillover systems for global sustainability, we propose an overall goal (minimize negative and maximize positive spillover effects) and three general principles (fairness, responsibility, and capability).
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| 5. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 6. |
- Broman, Aimee Teo, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the rate of progressive visual field damage in those with open-angle glaucoma, from cross-sectional data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1552-5783. ; 49:1, s. 66-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. To estimate the rate of visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) subjects, by using data from population-based cross-sectional studies. METHODS. Subjects with OAG were identified in nine surveys of randomly sampled populations using standard criteria for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Subjects were of European, African, Chinese, and Hispanic ethnicity. The measure of OAG damage was the mean deviation (MD) of an automated visual field test (Humphrey Field Analyzer; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). The rate of progression was the mean of all subjects' damage in the worse eye divided by an average time since onset. Time since onset was estimated from age-specific prevalence rates. RESULTS. A total of 1066 subjects with OAG contributed visual field data. The mean worsening in decibels per year was: European-derived, -1.12; Hispanic, -1.26; African-derived, -1.33; and Chinese -1.56 (difference among ethnicities, P = 0.16). The mean duration of disease was lowest among Chinese persons at 10.5 years (95% CI: 8.8-12.6) and was highest in African-derived subjects at 15.4 years (95% CI: 14.6-15.9). The progression rate was not consistently related to age or gender. By combining disease duration and progression rate, the model predicted that 15% or fewer of the worse eyes would reach the end of the field damage scale in the patient's lifetime. CONCLUSIONS. The estimates of typical worsening per year in the worse eye among subjects with OAG suggested slightly more rapid progression than in some clinic-based studies. The rate did not differ significantly by ethnicity or gender, but was worse in those with known, treated OAG and in pseudophakic subjects.
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| 7. |
- Dumontet, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and outcome of 318 families with familial monoclonal gammopathy : A multicenter Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome study
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - : Wiley. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 98:2, s. 264-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial forms of monoclonal gammopathy, defined as multiple myeloma (MM) or Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), are relatively infrequent and most series reported in the literature describe a limited number of families. MM rarely occurs in a familial context. MGUS is observed much more commonly, which can in some cases evolve toward full-blown MM. Although recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities have been described in tumor cells of sporadic cases of MM, the pathogenesis of familial MM remains largely unexplained. In order to identify genetic factors predisposing to familial monoclonal gammopathy, the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome identified 318 families with at least two confirmed cases of monoclonal gammopathy. There were 169 families with parent/child pairs and 164 families with cases in at least two siblings, compatible with an autosomal transmission. These familial cases were compared with sporadic cases who were matched for age at diagnosis, sex and immunoglobulin isotype, with 10 sporadic cases for each familial case. The gender distribution, age and immunoglobulin subtypes of familial cases were unremarkable in comparison to sporadic cases. With a median follow-up of 7.4 years after diagnosis, the percentage of MGUS cases having evolved to MM was 3%. The median overall survival of the 148 familial MM cases was longer than that of matched sporadic cases, with projected values of 7.6 and 16.1 years in patients older and younger than 65 years, respectively. These data suggest that familial cases of monoclonal gammopathy are similar to sporadic cases in terms of clinical presentation and carry a better prognosis.
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| 10. |
- Perez-Martinez, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-nutrient interactions on the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase influence insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome subjects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 32:4, s. 630-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Genetic background may interact with habitual dietary fat composition, and affect development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) plays a significant role regulating glucose metabolism, and fatty acids are key metabolic regulators, which interact with transcription factors and influence glucose metabolism. We explored genetic variability at the PCK1 gene locus in relation to degree of insulin resistance and plasma fatty acid levels in MetS subjects. Moreover, we analyzed the PCK1 gene expression in the adipose tissue of a subgroup of MetS subjects according to the PCK1 genetic variants. Methods: Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, glucose effectiveness, plasma concentrations of C-peptide, fatty acid composition and three PCK1 tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in 443 MetS participants in the UPGENE cohort. Results: The rs2179706 SNP interacted with plasma concentration of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n - 3 PUFA), which were significantly associated with plasma concentrations of fasting insulin, peptide C, and HOMA-IR. Among subjects with n - 3 PUFA levels above the population median, carriers of the C/C genotype exhibited lower plasma concentrations of fasting insulin (P = 0.036) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.019) as compared with C/C carriers with n - 3 PUFA below the median. Moreover, homozygous C/C subjects with n - 3 PUFA levels above the median showed lower plasma concentrations of peptide C as compared to individuals with the T-allele (P = 0.006). Subjects carrying the T-allele showed a lower gene PCK1 expression as compared with carriers of the C/C genotype (P = 0.015). Conclusions: The PCK1 rs2179706 polymorphism interacts with plasma concentration of n - 3 PUFA levels modulating insulin resistance in MetS subjects.
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