| 1. |
- Crisci, E., et al.
(author)
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Complement Opsonization Promotes Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection of Human Dendritic Cells
- 2016
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In: Journal of Virology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 90:10, s. 4939-4950
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally, with a very high prevalence in many countries. During HSV-2 infection, viral particles become coated with complement proteins and antibodies, both present in genital fluids, which could influence the activation of immune responses. In genital mucosa, the primary target cells for HSV-2 infection are epithelial cells, but resident immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), are also infected. DCs are the activators of the ensuing immune responses directed against HSV-2, and the aim of this study was to examine the effects opsonization of HSV-2, either with complement alone or with complement and antibodies, had on the infection of immature DCs and their ability to mount inflammatory and antiviral responses. Complement opsonization of HSV-2 enhanced both the direct infection of immature DCs and their production of new infectious viral particles. The enhanced infection required activation of the complement cascade and functional complement receptor 3. Furthermore, HSV-2 infection of DCs required endocytosis of viral particles and their delivery into an acid endosomal compartment. The presence of complement in combination with HSV-1- or HSV-2-specific antibodies more or less abolished HSV-2 infection of DCs. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of studying HSV-2 infection under conditions that ensue in vivo, i.e., conditions under which the virions are covered in complement fragments and complement fragments and antibodies, as these shape the infection and the subsequent immune response and need to be further elucidated. During HSV-2 infection, viral particles should become coated with complement proteins and antibodies, both present in genital fluids, which could influence the activation of the immune responses. The dendritic cells are activators of the immune responses directed against HSV-2, and the aim of this study was to examine the effects of complement alone or complement and antibodies on HSV-2 infection of dendritic cells and their ability to mount inflammatory and antiviral responses. Our results demonstrate that the presence of antibodies and complement in the genital environment can influence HSV-2 infection under in vitro conditions that reflect the in vivo situation. We believe that our findings are highly relevant for the understanding of HSV-2 pathogenesis.
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| 2. |
- Qiao, J. X., et al.
(author)
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Inter-laboratory exercise with an aim to compare methods for Sr-90 and Pu-239,Pu-240 determination in environmental soil samples
- 2017
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In: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 314:2, s. 813-826
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to deliver reliable results for a multitude of different scenarios, e.g. emergency preparedness, environmental monitoring, nuclear decommissioning and waste management, there is a constant process of method development in the field of radioanalytical chemistry. This work presents the results of a method comparison exercise aimed at quantifying Sr-90 and Pu-239,Pu-240 in environmental soil samples, with the intention of evaluating the performance and applicability of different methods. From the methods examined in this work, recommendations are given in order to find a radioanalytical measurement procedure, for Sr-90 and Pu-239,Pu-240 analysis, which is fit-for-purpose for a particular scenario.
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| 3. |
- Rondahl, E., et al.
(author)
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The risk of HCV RNA contamination in serology screening instruments with a fixed needle for sample transfer
- 2014
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In: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532 .- 1873-5967. ; 60:2, s. 172-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hepatitis C diagnostics involve antibody screening and confirmation of current infection by detection of HCV RNA positivity. In screening instruments with fixed pipetting needle, there is a risk of sample carry-over contamination. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of such contamination in a proposed clinical setting. Study design: In the present study, known HCV RNA positive (n= 149) and negative (n= 149) samples were analysed by anti-HCV Abbott in an Architect instrument in an alternating fashion in order to test for contamination. Results: In subsequent retesting of the previously HCV RNA-negative samples, six samples (4%) were positive by the Cobas Taqman assay with a maximum level of 33. IU/mL. The results show that there is a risk for transfer of HCV in the Architect instrument but they also show that the levels of HCV RNA observed are low. Conclusions: We conclude that complementary HCV RNA testing on samples identified as anti-HCV positive by screening can be recommended because the complementary results are reliable in the majority of cases when either HCV RNA is negative or HCV RNA is positive with a level >1000. IU/mL. In a minority of cases, with low HCV RNA after anti-HCV antibody screening, cross-contamination should be suspected and a new sample requested for HCV RNA testing. This strategy would reduce the need for obtaining a new sample from the vast majority of patients with a newly discovered HCV antibody positivity. © 2014 The Authors.
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