| 1. |
- Barisic, Ankica, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-paradigm modeling for cyber-physical systems : A systematic mapping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 183
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are heterogeneous and require cross-domain expertise to model. The complexity of these systems leads to questions about prevalent modeling approaches, their ability to integrate heterogeneous models, and their relevance to the application domains and stakeholders. The methodology for Multi-Paradigm Modeling (MPM) of CPS is not yet fully established and standardized, and researchers apply existing methods for modeling of complex systems and introducing their own. No systematic review has been previously performed to create an overview of the field on the methods used for MPM of CPS. In this paper, we present a systematic mapping study that determines the models, formalisms, and development processes used over the last decade. Additionally, to determine the knowledge necessary for developing CPS, our review studied the background of actors involved in modeling and authors of surveyed studies. The results of the survey show a tendency to reuse multiple existing formalisms and their associated paradigms, in addition to a tendency towards applying transformations between models. These findings suggest that MPM is becoming a essential approach to model CPS, and highlight the importance of future integration of models, standardization of development process and education.
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| 2. |
- Weyns, Danny, et al.
(författare)
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Six Software Engineering Principles for Smarter Cyber-Physical Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C). - : IEEE. - 9781665443937 - 9781665443944 ; , s. 198-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computational and physical components. With the digitisation of society and industry and the progressing integration of systems, CPS need to become 'smarter' in the sense that they can adapt and learn to handle new and unexpected conditions, and improve over time. Smarter CPS present a combination of challenges that existing engineering methods have difficulties addressing: intertwined digital, physical and social spaces, need for heterogeneous modelling formalisms, demand for context-tied cooperation to achieve system goals, widespread uncertainty and disruptions in changing contexts, inherent human constituents, and continuous encounter with new situations. While approaches have been put forward to deal with some of these challenges, a coherent perspective on engineering smarter CPS is lacking. In this paper, we present six engineering principles for addressing the challenges of smarter CPS. As smarter CPS are software-intensive systems, we approach them from a software engineering perspective with the angle of self-adaptation that offers an effective approach to deal with run-time change. The six principles create an integrated landscape for the engineering and operation of smarter CPS.
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