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- Brownstein, Catherine A., et al.
(författare)
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An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:3, s. R53-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback-LMS control of lateral vibration in a train car
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of low-frequency lateral train-car vibration is an important issue surrounding the design of high-speed trains. Passive solutions such as stiffening the car chassis are impractical because of the weight increase. Semi-passive solutions, such as modifying the structural dynamics of the carbody through non-rigid coupling of heavy underfloor equipment does not incur a weight penalty, but does not sufficiently reduce the vibrations. However, computer simulations based on signals derived from a dynamic computer model of a train car indicates that the incorporation of a multiple-reference feedforward active control system, in addition to the semi-passive approach, is likely to effect a substantial reduction in the lateral vibration level. The complexity of the control system may be reduced by using a robust feedback-LMS controller. Results from computer simulations indicate that a feedback system would function as well as, and potentially better than, a feedforward system. The control results illustrate attenuation of the lateral train-car vibration of up to 15 dB.
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| 3. |
- Samuels, Timothy, et al.
(författare)
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Active control of lateral vibration in a structurally modified train car
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As trains are continually designed for higher speeds the problem of railcar vibration grows worse. Lateral vibrations in a train car are noticeable to passengers if the frequency contents are lower than approximately 20 Hz, and complaints of nausea are not uncommon. The passive solution of stiffening the car chassis to shift the vibrational frequencies higher results in inflated manufacturing and running costs, and opposes higher travel speeds due to increased weight. Semi-passive solutions, such as modifying the structural dynamics of the carbody by decoupling heavy underfloor equipment, do not sufficiently reduce the vibrations. However, by appending a multi-reference feedforward active vibration controller, a substantial reduction in the lateral vibration level is to be expected. Based on a dynamic computer model of a train car simulating the lateral vibration, which uses as input bogie acceleration data measured on a running train, multiple-input/single-output coherence spectra were estimated to determine a suitable set of reference signals to an active control system. A dual-reference controller implies a theoretical maximum attenuation of 28 dB at the objective frequency of 10 Hz. Control simulations are carried out using different reference signal combinations. Preliminary results indicate lateral vibration attenuation on the order of 15 dB.
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