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- Schenkel, Andrew
(författare)
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Communities of practice or communities of discipline : managing deviations at the Öresund Bridge
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large infrastructure projects are seldom completed on time or on budget. Unlike many other projects of this type, the construction of the Øresund Bridge was considered to be a successful infrastructure project. Since no plan can foresee all events, deviations from plans arise, and these have to be managed as they appear during construction. How deviations are managed is of strategic importance. This dissertation investigates the ability of the contractor organization, constructing the Øresund Bridge, to manage deviations from prescribed requirements. Deviations can be detected and corrected through formal routines (ISO 9000, a quality standard), or informal groups (communities of practice). The findings show that deviations were managed through both communities of practice as well as through formal routines. The development of communities of practice was both impeded and enhanced by the built-in surveillance and disciplining processes embedded in ISO 9000, as well as the ability to communicate using rich media. The performance of the communities studied was variable, and moreover, it can be concluded that some communities of practice are more important than others. The implications of this dissertation is that when knowledge-based capability of managing deviations is included as a metric of project performance several actions could have been taken to enhance the management of deviations.
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- Schenkel, Andrew
(författare)
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Conceptualizing and exploring the second-level effects of ISO 9000 in the construction of the Öresund Bridge
- 2002
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper conceptualizes and analyzes the second-level, or indirect, social effects of the ISO 9000 standard. From the framework developed in this paper, it appears that indirect effects of technology are not limited to social practice as previous research has suggested, but include discourse and thought figures. This framework is applied to the contractor organisation that constructed the 7.8 kilometer öresund Bridge connecting Sweden and Denmark. From multiple sources of data, it was found that ISO 9000 affects the way that people communicate, think and work in a large, complex project. Additionally, the codification of procedures that ISO 9000 requires represents an expression of power as well as a change in knowledge bases: from knowledge practically anchored in the performance of work to theoretically based professional knowledge.
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- Schenkel, Andrew
(författare)
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Disciplinering eller kunskapsutveckling? : Om hantering av det oförutsedda
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scener ur ett företag: organiseringsteori för kunskapssamhället. - Stockholm, Sweden : Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm (EFI). - 1650-4054. - 9144026773 - 9789144057637 - 9789144026770 - 9144057636 ; , s. 155-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Schenkel, Andrew
(författare)
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Investigating the influence of media richness on learning in a community of practice : a case study at the Öresund Bridge
- 2004
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Ingår i: Knowledge networks: innovation through communities of practice. - : IGI Global. - 9781591402015 - 9781591402008 ; , s. 47-57
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter explores the influence that rich media has on learning in a Community of Practice (CoP) at a large multi-billion dollar infrastructure project, the bridge between Sweden and Denmark. The findings show that an increase in the number of deviations from customer requirement was associated with an organizational change that impeded the community from communicating through face-to-face interaction. In turn, it is suggested that the CoP studied could not reduce equivocality through collaborative narratives because of the absence of rich media. Thus it is argued that rich media are essential for effective learning in Communities of Practice (CoPs). The author hopes that the understanding of how communication influences learning will assist managers, through providing an understanding of the central role that communication has on learning, and researchers, through introducing the concept of equivocality and media richness into the domain of CoPs.
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- Schenkel, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the relationship between communities of practice and organizational performance : a case study in the construction industry
- 2002
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Communities of practice are rapidly becoming part of management's everyday vocabulary as many firms are now actively creating the conditions to support communities of practice within company walls. In some cases, firms are even "organizing" them in the hope of increasing competitive advantage or improving the organizational learning process. However, empirical research on the relationship between communities of practice and organizational performance is extremely limited; thus, there is little empirical support for management's efforts to enhance organizational performance through communities of practice. This research is an exploratory effort to fill that research gap through the case study of several communities of practice consisting of construction managers, engineers and supervisors within the scope of a multibillion-dollar construction project. Using the concept of learning curves, we find that the communities of practice operating under stable conditions exhibited static or improved performance. However, at one community of practice where a physical move reduced the ability of its members to interact in informal and formal face-to-face exchanges, there was a period of declining performance associated with the move.
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- Schenkel, Andrew
(författare)
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Leading change: an overview of three dominant strategies for change
- 2014
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Ingår i: Emergency Department Leadership and Management : best Principles and Practice. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781139030557 ; , s. 21-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Key learning points Understand three dominant strategies of change. Understand the managerial implications of the strategies. Know when to use the respective strategies. Introduction Change is a constant rather than an exception in today’s organization. This applies to both the private and the public sector, and emergency medicine (EM) is no exception. From an external perspective, forces in the external environment can consist of changes in technology, social trends, political or legal decisions, environmental or ethical changes. Internal forces for change can emanate from many specific parts of an organization not functioning efficiently or effectively, with the parts of an organization being vision, strategy, structure, culture, human relations management (HRM), and systems. Alternatively, another internal force for change could be a misalignment between the parts of an organization, meaning the individual parts are working fine independently but the parts are not aligned. EM in particular is experiencing numerous pressures promoting change. These include restructurings in which the focus is on whether facilities should be centralized or decentralized, the implementation of new protocols or work practices, and in addition trying to change the internal culture such that EM is an accepted discipline. For most managers, the ability to lead change remains an elusive challenge. Thus, the first question is, why is change so difficult?
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- Schenkel, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Theorizing structural properties of communities of practice : a social network approach
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Management researchers are paying considerable attention to communities of practice (CPs) as a means to better understand the creation, transfer, and embedding of knowledge in organizations. However, scant attention has been paid to understanding the structural dimensions of these organizational forms. Thus, this study's purpose is to conceptualize the structural properties of communities of practice. We draw on the social network literature and apply some of the extensively used network concepts and measures to develop five structural properties for CPs. We illustrate the usefulness of these properties through applying them to data from a complex construction project. Finally, we develop a series of propositions that link the structural properties of CPs to organizational performance before concluding with a discussion.
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