| 1. |
- Kinmonth-Schultz, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Responsiveness to long days for flowering is reduced in Arabidopsis by yearly variation in growing season temperatures
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Plant Cell and Environment. - 0140-7791. ; 46:11, s. 3337-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conservative flowering behaviours, such as flowering during long days in summer or late flowering at a high leaf number, are often proposed to protect against variable winter and spring temperatures which lead to frost damage if premature flowering occurs. Yet, due the many factors in natural environments relative to the number of individuals compared, assessing which climate characteristics drive these flowering traits has been difficult. We applied a multidisciplinary approach to 10 winter-annual Arabidopsis thaliana populations from a wide climactic gradient in Norway. We used a variable reduction strategy to assess which of 100 climate descriptors from their home sites correlated most to their flowering behaviours when tested for responsiveness to photoperiod after saturation of vernalization; then, assessed sequence variation of 19 known environmental-response flowering genes. Photoperiod responsiveness inversely correlated with interannual variation in timing of growing season onset. Time to flowering appeared driven by growing season length, curtailed by cold fall temperatures. The distribution of FLM, TFL2 and HOS1 haplotypes, genes involved in ambient temperature response, correlated with growing-season climate. We show that long-day responsiveness and late flowering may be driven not by risk of spring frosts, but by growing season temperature and length, perhaps to opportunistically maximize growth.
|
|
| 2. |
- van Meel, Evelien R., et al.
(författare)
-
Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150 000 European children
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 60:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Early-life respiratory tract infections might affect chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, but conclusive studies from general populations are lacking. Our objective was to examine if children with early-life respiratory tract infections had increased risks of lower lung function and asthma at school age. Methods We used individual participant data of 150 090 children primarily from the EU Child Cohort Network to examine the associations of upper and lower respiratory tract infections from age 6 months to 5 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%) and asthma at a median (range) age of 7 (4-15) years. Results Children with early-life lower, not upper, respiratory tract infections had a lower school-age FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF75% (z-score range: -0.09 (95% CI -0.14- -0.04) to -0.30 (95% CI -0.36- -0.24)). Children with early-life lower respiratory tract infections had a higher increased risk of school-age asthma than those with upper respiratory tract infections (OR range: 2.10 (95% CI 1.98-2.22) to 6.30 (95% CI 5.64-7.04) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.18-1.32) to 1.55 (95% CI 1.47-1.65), respectively). Adjustment for preceding respiratory tract infections slightly decreased the strength of the effects. Observed associations were similar for those with and without early-life wheezing as a proxy for early-life asthma. Conclusions Our findings suggest that early-life respiratory tract infections affect development of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in later life, with the strongest effects for lower respiratory tract infections.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gehring, Ulrike, et al.
(författare)
-
Air Pollution Exposure and Lung Function in Children : The ESCAPE Project
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 121:11-12, s. 1357-1364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is evidence for adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on lung function of children. Quantitative summaries of the effects of air pollution on lung function, however, are lacking due to large differences among studies. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the association between residential exposure to air pollution and lung function in five European birth cohorts with a standardized exposure assessment following a common protocol. METHODS: As part of the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) we analyzed data from birth cohort studies situated in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom that measured lung function at 6-8 years of age (n = 5,921). Annual average exposure to air pollution [nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx), mass concentrations of particulate matter with diameters < 2.5, < 10, and 2.5-10 mu m (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse), and PM2.5 absorbance] at the birth address and current address was estimated by land-use regression models. Associations of lung function with estimated air pollution levels and traffic indicators were estimated for each cohort using linear regression analysis, and then combined by random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Estimated levels of NO2, NOx, PM2.5 absorbance, and PM2.5 at the current address, but not at the birth address, were associated with small decreases in lung function. For example, changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) ranged from -0.86% (95% CI: -1.48, -0.24%) for a 20-mu g/m(3) increase in NOx to -1.77% (95% CI: -3.34, -0.18%) for a 5-mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to air pollution may result in reduced lung function in schoolchildren.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Schultz, Erica S
(författare)
-
Long-term exposure to air pollution from road traffic and lung function in children and adolescents
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lung function in early life is an important predictor of peak lung function and later decline in adults. However, lung development may also be influenced by factors later in childhood and adolescence. Identification of susceptible periods and modifiable factors affecting lung development already during infancy and childhood could help promote respiratory health later in life. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate potential environmental determinants of lung function in children and adolescents, with particular focus on exposure to traffic-related air pollution. The papers in this thesis were based on the BAMSE study, a longitudinal population-based birth cohort of children followed until adolescence. The parents of all children born in predefined urban and suburban areas of Stockholm County between February 1994 and November 1996 were invited to enroll their children. Symptoms of allergy-related disease, life-style factors and major exposures were assessed from questionnaires filled out at the ages of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 years. Lung function was measured using spirometry at 8 and 16 years of age, with the addition of impulse oscillometry at age 16 years. The assessment of individual long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution was based on dispersion modeling, using emission inventories and data on road traffic, meteorological conditions and topography, at relevant geographical locations. Time-weighted annual averages of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) were assessed over the life course. The influence of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on lung function at 8 and 16 years of age was assessed, including life course analyses. Pollution exposure during the first year of life, but none of the other time periods examined, was significantly associated with reduced lung function at 8 and 16 years of age. No associations were observed for the change in lung function between the two time points for any of the time windows explored. This suggests that exposure in early life influences early lung growth and that lung function thereafter tracks with age. In addition, we observed that air pollution during the first year of life was associated with small but significant increase of small airways resistance. Associations appeared stronger in subjects with asthma at 16 years. Exposure to air pollution and other environmental factors was investigated in relation to lung function growth between childhood and adolescence, using quantile regression on the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles, corresponding to low, median, and high lung function growth. Out of 20 examined variables, birth weight, asthma heredity and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in infancy were the only independent predictors of lung function growth. In summary, exposure to traffic-related air pollution during infancy was associated with decreased lung function, including in the small airways, in childhood and adolescence. Air pollution and other environmental factors assessed after infancy had little impact on lung function growth, supporting the notion of a susceptible period early in life with tracking of lung function thereafter.
|
|
