| 1. |
- Allios, Dominique, et al.
(författare)
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Near infrared spectra and hyperspectral imaging of medieval fortress walls in Carcassonne : a comprehensive interdisciplinary field study
- 2016
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Ingår i: NIR news. - Chichester : IM Publications. - 0960-3360 .- 1756-2708. ; 27:3, s. 16-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A comprehensive study has been launched in the medieval fortress of Carcassonne involving a cooperation between the universities of Umeå and Rennes, and the research institute of IRSTEA of Montpellier. This study aims to combine several spectroscopic techniques in order to resolve archaeological problems related to which raw materials were used during the city wall construction, and also to improve our understanding of the different phases of construction and use of the city walls. This study was also used for elucidating the different qualities and weak points of the applied field methods.
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| 2. |
- Linderholm, Johan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Field-based near infrared spectroscopy for analysis of Scandinavian Stone Age rock paintings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0967-0335 .- 1751-6552. ; 23:4, s. 227-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the early autumn of 2014 a field-based near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy study was carried out at Swedish and Norwegian StoneAge rock painting sites. This article presents results from one of them, namely Flatruet, Härjedalen, Sweden. Here, field-based NIRmeasurements were conducted using the 908–1676 nm wavelength range to gather 479 spectra: 427 of rock paintings and 52 of locallithology background. The whole dataset was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and four principal components wereextracted explaining 98.5% (PC1), 1.4% (PC2), 0.06% (PC3) and 0.04% (PC4). The PCA results showed that there was a large spread inthe spectra of both background and red paint objects, but also some evidence of clustering could be seen where background and paintingscould be separated. An improvement in separation was achieved with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) usingthe background and paint as categorical variables. The most important components of the PLS-DA model showed a better separation inthe score plot. A small test set of 10 paint and 10 background samples showed that one of the paint samples and two of the backgroundsamples were misclassified. One conclusion is that there is a large spread in background due to varying precipitation of secondary ironoxides. It was also decided to look deeper into local models of painted elks and their pigments alone. This was done using local PCAmodels and soft independent modelling of class analogies showing that some painted elks could be separated from each other whileothers were quite similar, which is important for answering questions about origin, age and weathering.
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| 3. |
- Roubis, Dimitris, et al.
(författare)
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Origin and Circulation of Calcarenite Artifacts in the Area of Montescaglioso between 6th and 3rd Century BC : An Interdisciplinary Approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Heritage. - : MDPI. - 2571-9408. ; 2:1, s. 467-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of stone artifacts and their provenance is an important proxy for understanding the entangled relationship between humans and geological resources. In this paper, we explore the potentialities of an interdisciplinary approach combining in situ documentation of tool marks and characterization of stone types using a near infrared (NIR) portable probe. We argue that this protocol is useful for collecting screening data on objects that cannot be moved or sampled. NIR spectra describe textural and molecular features of the materials and can be used to achieve a preliminary characterization of raw materials. We present a case study from the territory of Montescaglioso (Basilicata, near Matera, Italy), where we combined the analysis of a calcarenite (limestone) quarry, in Masseria D'Alessio, which was exploited since the 6th century BC, as well as artifacts of the same chronology from surveys and excavations in the surroundings. The aim was to collect preliminary data about the distribution of the particular calcarenite extracted from the quarry and identify exploitation and trade patterns. The data were processed using multivariate statistics to highlight the relevant spectral information and perform supervised classification of spectral features. Documentation of tool marks and the process of stone working were combined with the spectral signature of the artifacts to link the stone types to the description of their extraction/carving methods.
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| 4. |
- Sciuto, Claudia, 1986-
(författare)
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Carved Mountains and Moving Stones : applications of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Mineral Characterisation in Provenance Studies
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of stone artefacts is a combination of anthropological archaeology and geology, rooted in analytical techniques for determining the materials’ composition, typological stylistic classification and interpretation of cultural patterns. In this thesis, the archaeology of materials is considered in the context of sites- and landscape transformation, economic history and development of techniques. Focus has been on applications of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for characterising minerals in different case studies. Interdisciplinary protocols are implemented in order to account for the various aspects of stone artefacts, merging geochemical investigation and digital documentation.This thesis consists of two parts: an introductory text and five research publications. In the first paper, a NIR portable probe is tested to measure iron oxide-based pigments in rock paintings in Flatruet (Sweden). The study demonstrates that the probe is useful for characterising different sections of paint in-situ and pinpointing similarities and dissimilarities in the pigments used for the figures. The second and third papers are aimed at studying the use of raw materials for tool production in a Mesolithic settlement in Northern Sweden. In the second paper is shown that hyperspectral imaging helps characterise the mineral composition of a selected group of tools and the spectral signature of quartz, quartzite, and flint are examined. In the third paper, hyperspectral imaging-based classification is applied to the entire dataset of lithic tools and flakes collected during excavation of the site. The objects are divided into categories of raw materials according to their spectral features and the distribution is visualised on a 3D GIS platform. The fourth paper deals with the application of hyperspectral imaging, a field probe (MicroNIR) and portable Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), for in-situ characterisation of building materials on the inner wall of the fortified citadel of Carcassonne (France). The research shows how the combination of these analytical methods in conjunction with a stratigraphic study of the architecture helps to understand the use and re-use of materials in different construction phases. The last paper shows how an in-field NIR-probe may be used in landscape surveys for instant characterisations of different stone types. This study was carried out in the district of Montescaglioso, Southern Italy, to highlight patterns of use and distribution of artefacts made of local calcarenite (limestone) in the period between the 6th and 3rd century BC.
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| 5. |
- Sciuto, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of building materials by means of spectral remote sensing : the example of Carcassonne's defensive wall (Aude, France)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103 .- 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; , s. 396-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geological and archaeological analysis of stone masonries in standing structures helps reveal information aboutuse of natural resources. At the same time, the study of historical materials is useful for conservators and culturalheritage management. Geochemical and petrographic analysis of building material types is usually done throughdestructive analysis on a few selected samples and can be problematic due to the costs of operations and the sizeof buildings themselves. This paper demonstrates that the combination of hyperspectral imaging portable NearInfrared (NIR) spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopy can be useful foranalysing types of raw materials used in distinct construction phases of the inner defensive wall in the citadel ofCarcassonne (Aude, France). Stratigraphic analysis of the architecture, short-range spectral remote sensing andportable ED-XRF measurements were combined in an interdisciplinary approach to classify sandstone elements.The experimental protocol for in situ non-destructive analysis and classification of the masonry types allows theinvestigation of the monument in a diachronic perspective, collecting information to delineate raw materialsvarieties and their use or re-use through time.
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| 6. |
- Sciuto, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Archaeological Surveys and Provenance of Raw Materials by Means of Portable Near Infrared Spectroscopy. : the example of Montescaglioso (Basilicata, Italy)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we explore the potentialities of near infrared (NIR) portable spectroscopy in survey activities for in situ non-destructive analysis of stone artefacts. We argue that this method is useful for achieving screening analysis for materials that cannot be moved or sampled. NIR spectra describe the textural and molecular characteristics of the materials and can be matched to classify lithic objects according to their mineral characteristics. We present a case study from the territory of Montescaglioso (Matera, Italy), where we analysed a calcarenite (limestone) quarry in Masseria D’Alessio, which has been exploited since the 6th century BC, as well as artefacts of the same chronology (stone coffins, fortification walls, a stone mortar and amillstone) found in surveys or excavations in the nearby sites of Masseria Lollo, Difes San Biagio and Montescaglioso. The aim was to determine the distribution of the particular calcarenite extracted from the quarry and identify exploitation, production and trade patterns. Documentation of toolmarks and the process of stone working were combined with the spectral signature of the artefacts in order to associate mineral characteristics of the stone types and extraction/carving techniques. The spectral data collected were processed using multivariate statistics to highlight clustering and conduct supervised classification.
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| 7. |
- Sciuto, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Fragmented Data : Environments, People and the Senses in Virtual Reality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Capturing the Senses. - : Springer. - 9783031231322 - 9783031231339 ; , s. 85-103
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Taking into consideration that archaeologists and historians are today more frequently encouraged to think in terms of digital transduction of historical materials, this chapter focuses on the potentials and pitfalls of ‘visualizing’ ‘recre- ating’ and ‘re-enacting/experiencing the senses’ in Virtual Reality (thereon VR) environments. More precisely, we focus on the very idea of sensory immersion for archaeological enquiry, research, study and dissemination. This chapter draws upon four VR projects at Humlab, Umeå University. The first is an example of using archae- ological data for supporting the interpretation process in a Mesolithic site, environ- ment from GIS to an immersive platform. The second is a result of collaborative work with the project ancient dance modern dancers (Slaney et al. 2018) in capturing the intangible art of Roman Pantomime in the theatre of Pompeii on Virtual Reality. The third is the implementation of interactive tools for an immersive study of photogram- metric models of medieval rock-cut settlements while the fourth is an assessment of the implementation of VR Google Earth in teaching ancient topography for under- graduate archaeology students. We show how important and interesting research is made in the process of tool experimentation and tool development.
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| 8. |
- Sciuto, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperspectral Imaging for Characterization of Lithic Raw Materials : the Case of aMesolithic Dwelling in Northern Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lithic Technology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2051-6185 .- 0197-7261. ; 44:1, s. 22-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study proposes a method for the classification of lithic raw materials by means of hyperspectralimaging, a non-destructive fast analytical technique. The information potential of this approach wastested on a dwelling site dated to mid-late Mesolithic (7200–5800 BP) at Lillsjön, Ångermanland,Sweden. A dataset of lithic tools and flakes (2612 objects) made of quartz and quartzite, wasanalyzed using a shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system. The classification of the rawmaterials was performed applying multivariate statistical models. A random test set of 55artefacts was selected, classified according to spectral signature and divided into categoriescorresponding to different geological materials. The same test set was analyzed with EnergyDispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED XRF) to validate the classification. The entire dataset of lithicscollected on the site was then classified applying a SIMCA model. The distribution of items onthe site was visualized in a 3D GIS platform according to their geological characteristics tohighlight patterns that could indicate different use of the space and dynamics of raw materialssupply over time.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sciuto, Claudia, 1986-
(författare)
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Recording invisible proofs to compose stone narratives : Applications of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in provenance studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Digital Humanities Quarterly. - : The Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations. - 1938-4122. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of human-environment interaction is embedded in stone. Stones are essential components of daily life and their various usage characterize certain areas or chronological periods. The form of a stone object is the result of a long chain of interactions with distinct bodies but the intangible life story of any artefact is partially registered in its original material properties and gradual physical alteration. Digital systems can be adopted for collecting these invisible records and tracing a stone's history. Chemical imaging and portable spectroscopy are quick and non-destructive remote sensing techniques that can be used to gather empirical data and track production and use of stone artefacts over time. This article reviews the application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a method for geochemical characterization of objects and as a tool for provenance studies within the Mobima project, carried out by an interdiscipli nary team of archaeologists and chemists at University of Umea, Sweden. Near Infrared Spectroscopy can be used for acquiring and processing spectral information directly in the field, modelling datasets of big assemblages and classifying objects. Making stones' biographies visible will help understanding the entanglement of past societies and their geological landscapes.
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