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- Sihto, Henna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of sodium nitrite and regulatory mutations Δagr, ΔsarA, and ΔsigB on the mRNA and protein levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin D
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135. ; 65, s. 37-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcal food poisoning results from ingestion of enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED) is one of the most common toxins detected in S. aureus strains associated with intoxications. The effect of sodium nitrite on enterotoxin production has been only partly investigated, despite its wide usage in meat products. In addition, the factors influencing SED regulation are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium nitrite on sed transcription and SED production, as well as the effect of regulatory mutations on SED protein levels. Temporal sed mRNA and SED protein levels were compared in LB and LB supplemented with 150 mg/L nitrite, and SED protein levels between wild type (wt) and isogenic regulatory mutants (Δ. agr, Δ. sarA, Δ. sigB) under control and sodium nitrite conditions. Relative sed mRNA levels of wt strains were higher in late stationary phase in the presence of nitrite compared to control conditions. However, SED protein levels were decreased in the presence of nitrite. In LB, Δ. agr mutants showed SED levels similar to the wt, while Δ. sarA mutants exhibited reduced and Δ. sigB mutants increased SED levels compared to the wt. In LB with sodium nitrite, SED levels of mutant strains were reduced similar to the wt strains, except for two Δ. agr mutants, in which SED levels were increased in the presence of nitrite. Overall, strain-specific variation with regard to the effect of regulatory mutations was observed. In addition, the data suggests that SED regulation may not be as tightly dependent on Agr as previously described.
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| 2. |
- Susilo, Yusak Budi, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced enterotoxin D formation on boiled ham in staphylococcus aureus Δagr mutant
- 2017
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Ingår i: Toxins. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6651. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide, and enterotoxin D (SED) is one of the most frequent Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins associated with it. It has been reported that the expression and formation of SED in S. aureus is regulated by the quorum sensing Agr system. In this study, the effect of agr deletion on sed expression in S. aureus grown on boiled ham was investigated. Growth, sed mRNA and SED protein levels in an S. aureus wild type strain and its isogenic Δagr mutant were monitored for 14 days at 22 °C. The results showed that although deletion of the agr gene did not affect the growth rate or maximum cell density of S. aureus on boiled ham, it had a pronounced effect on SED formation during the first 5 days of incubation. The SED concentration was not reflected in the amount of preceding sed transcripts, suggesting that sed transcription levels may not always reflect SED formation. The expression of RNAIII transcript, the regulatory signal of the Agr system, was also monitored. Similar transcription patterns were observed for RNAIII and sed. Surprisingly, in the Δagr mutant, sed expression was comparable to that in the wild type strain, and was thus unaffected by deletion of the Agr system. These results demonstrate that the Agr system appears to only partially affect SED formation, even in a real food environment.
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