| 1. |
- Bill, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking User Involvement in the Front End of Healthcare Innovation
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to share insights from an empirical study within the Swedish healthcare system, based on a case study of the largest business unit of a Swedish medical technology company and its key customer segment. The study involving a Swedish medical technology company and three Swedish hospitals indicates need to move away from an archetypical, largely homogeneous view of the user, towards a more flexible, heterogeneous user perspective. Following from that insight the paper outlines a preliminary model aimed at improving the conditions of the firm for user involvement in the front end of healthcare innovation. In the proposed model, different users are brought to the foreground in different parts of the front-end innovation process. The research performed aimed at putting the business unit in a more beneficial position to involve users in the front end of innovation by increasing their understanding of a) which user types they actually have access to, b) which roles that different user types may take in the various stages of the innovation front-end.
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| 2. |
- Ancuti, Codruta O., et al.
(författare)
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NTIRE 2023 HR NonHomogeneous Dehazing Challenge Report
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). - Vancover : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assesses the outcomes of the NTIRE 2023 Challenge on Non-Homogeneous Dehazing, wherein novel techniques were proposed and evaluated on new image dataset called HD-NH-HAZE. The HD-NH-HAZE dataset contains 50 high resolution pairs of real-life outdoor images featuring nonhomogeneous hazy images and corresponding haze-free images of the same scene. The nonhomogeneous haze was simulated using a professional setup that replicated real-world conditions of hazy scenarios. The competition had 246 participants and 17 teams that competed in the final testing phase, and the proposed solutions demonstrated the cutting-edge in image dehazing technology.
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| 3. |
- Conde, Marcus V., et al.
(författare)
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Lens-to-Lens Bokeh Effect Transformation : NTIRE 2023 Challenge Report
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. - Vancover : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1643-1659
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present the new Bokeh Effect Transformation Dataset (BETD), and review the proposed solutions for this novel task at the NTIRE 2023 Bokeh Effect Transformation Challenge. Recent advancements of mobile photography aim to reach the visual quality of full-frame cameras. Now, a goal in computational photography is to optimize the Bokeh effect itself, which is the aesthetic quality of the blur in out-of-focus areas of an image. Photographers create this aesthetic effect by benefiting from the lens optical properties. The aim of this work is to design a neural network capable of converting the the Bokeh effect of one lens to the effect of another lens without harming the sharp foreground regions in the image. For a given input image, knowing the target lens type, we render or transform the Bokeh effect accordingly to the lens properties. We build the BETD using two full-frame Sony cameras, and diverse lens setups. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first attempt to solve this novel task, and we provide the first BETD dataset and benchmark for it. The challenge had 99 registered participants. The submitted methods gauge the state-of-the-art in Bokeh effect rendering and transformation.
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| 4. |
- Fors, Fredrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Terrorattackerna i London den 7 juli 2005 : Brittiska lokala och regionala myndigheters agerande och lärdomar för det svenska krishanteringssystemet
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Strax före klockan nio på morgonen den 7 juli 2005 inträffade de första självmordsbombningarnanågonsin i Västeuropa. Tre tunnelbanetåg i centrala Londonsprängdes i en samtidig attack klockan 08.50. Ungefär en timme senare skeddeden fjärde attacken, då en bomb detonerade på en buss. Sammanlagt dödades56 människor i terrorattentatet och 755 människor skadades.Denna observatörsrapport syftar till att identifiera erfarenheter och lärdomarfrån hanteringen av terrorattentatet i London som är relevanta för det svenskakrishanteringssystemet. Detta görs genom att kartlägga händelseförloppet samtbeskriva och förklara de regionala och lokala myndigheternas agerande,beslutsfattande, samverkande och lärande i samband med terrorattentatet.I ett inledande kapitel sammanfattas lärdomar för det svenska krishanteringssystemet.Två frågor står i fokus: Vad kan svenska krishanterare lära av händelsernaden 7 juli 2005? Vilka av erfarenheterna från London är väsentligaatt ta med i den fortsatta utvecklingen av det svenska krishanteringssystemet?Andra delar av rapporten ger bakgrundsinformation kring krishantering iLondon och Storbritannien, redovisar händelseförloppet under terrorattacken,samt analyserar de brittiska organisationernas agerande.
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| 5. |
- Gottvall, Maria, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life among Syrian refugees resettled in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 29:2, s. 505-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The main purpose of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Syrian refugees resettled in Sweden. Further, we wanted to investigate whether sex, age, education, area of residence, cohabitation and social support were associated with HRQoL in this population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study including 1215 Syrian refugees from a randomly selected sample frame resettled in Sweden between the years 2011 and 2013. HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system, and EQ-5D-5L index values were calculated. Associations between sex, age, education, area of residence, cohabitation, social support and EQ-5D-5L were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Depression/anxiety was the most commonly (61.9%) reported EQ-5D-5L problem among the group of Syrian refugees. The mean EQ-5D-5L index value was found to be 0.754. Male sex, younger age, cohabitation and social support were found associated with a higher EQ-5D-5L index score. Conclusions Our results concerning long-lasting health problems among the study population indicate that there is a profound need for policies and interventions promoting refugees' health. Our results also show that social support, a modifiable factor, is relevant to refugees' overall health, pointing to the importance of public health interventions and policies targeting the facilitation, mobilization and enhancing of refugees' social support.
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| 6. |
- Luo, Ziwei, et al.
(författare)
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Image Restoration with Mean-Reverting Stochastic Differential Equations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning. ; , s. 23045-23066
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a stochastic differential equation (SDE) approach for general-purpose image restoration. The key construction consists in a mean-reverting SDE that transforms a high-quality image into a degraded counterpart as a mean state with fixed Gaussian noise. Then, by simulating the corresponding reverse-time SDE, we are able to restore the origin of the low-quality image without relying on any task-specific prior knowledge. Crucially, the proposed mean-reverting SDE has a closed-form solution, allowing us to compute the ground truth time-dependent score and learn it with a neural network. Moreover, we propose a maximum likelihood objective to learn an optimal reverse trajectory that stabilizes the training and improves the restoration results. The experiments show that our proposed method achieves highly competitive performance in quantitative comparisons on image deraining, deblurring, and denoising, setting a new state-of-the-art on two deraining datasets. Finally, the general applicability of our approach is further demonstrated via qualitative results on image super-resolution, inpainting, and dehazing. Code is available at https://github.com/Algolzw/image-restoration-sde.
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| 7. |
- Luo, Ziwei, et al.
(författare)
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Refusion : Enabling Large-Size Realistic Image Restoration With Latent-Space Diffusion Models
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1680-1691
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims to improve the applicability of diffusion models in realistic image restoration. Specifically, we enhance the diffusion model in several aspects such as network architecture, noise level, denoising steps, training image size, and optimizer/scheduler. We show that tuning these hyperparameters allows us to achieve better performance on both distortion and perceptual scores. We also propose a U-Net based latent diffusion model which performs diffusion in a low-resolution latent space while preserving high-resolution information from the original input for the decoding process. Compared to the previous latent-diffusion model which trains a VAE-GAN to compress the image, our proposed U-Net compression strategy is significantly more stable and can recover highly accurate images without relying on adversarial optimization. Importantly, these modifications allow us to apply diffusion models to various image restoration tasks, including real-world shadow removal, HR non-homogeneous dehazing, stereo super-resolution, and bokeh effect transformation. By simply replacing the datasets and slightly changing the noise network, our model, named Refusion, is able to deal with large-size images (e.g., 6000 x 4000 x 3 in HR dehazing) and produces good results on all the above restoration problems. Our Refusion achieves the best perceptual performance in the NTIRE 2023 Image Shadow Removal Challenge and wins 2nd place overall.
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| 8. |
- Sjölund, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Constrained optimization of gradient waveforms for generalized diffusion encoding
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of magnetic resonance. - : Elsevier. - 1090-7807 .- 1096-0856. ; 261, s. 157-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusion MRI is a useful probe of tissue structure. The prototypical diffusion encoding sequence, the single pulsed field gradient, has recently been challenged with the introduction of more general gradient waveforms. Out of these, we focus on q-space trajecory imaging, which generalizes the scalar b-value to a tensor valued property. To take full advantage of its capabilities, it is imperative to respect the constraints imposed by the hardware, while at the same time maximizing the diffusion encoding strength. We formulate this as a constrained optimization problem that accomodates constraints on maximum gradient amplitude, slew rate, coil heating and positioning of radiofrequency pulses. The power of this approach is demonstrated by a comparison with previous work on optimization of isotropic diffusion sequences, showing possible gains in diffusion weighting or in heat dissipation, which in turn means increased signal or reduced scan-times.
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| 9. |
- Sjölund, Karl-Fredrik
(författare)
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Experimental and clinical studies on adenosine receptor stimulation in cutaneous hypersensitivity and neuropathic pain
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The endogenous compound adenosine (ADO) has a wide range of physiological effects. Numerous animal studies and a limited number of human studies have shown antinociceptive effects of ADO and its analogues. The spinal cord dorsal column, where ADO receptors are found in high numbers, is a major site of action for this effect. While most studies concern acute nociceptive pain, a modulatory effect on neuronal transmission associated with neuropathic pain has been demonstrated in some animal and human studies. The aim of this thesis is to further evaluate effects of ADO receptor stimulation in pain associated with cutaneous hypersensitivity and neuropathia. The ADO analogue R-PIA was administered to rats previously afflicted an incomplete sciatic nerve injury (CCI). "Scratching behaviour" (assumed to reflect spontaneous pain) was reduced following both systemically and intrathecally administered R-PIA, suggesting reduced spontaneous pain in this animal model of neuropathic pain. In a subsequent animal study, the neuropeptide substance P (SP) was reduced in cerebrospinal fluid after intrathecal administration of ADO analogues (R-PIA and NECA). This indicates interactions between ADO receptor mediated mechanisms and SP, a mediator of spinal cord hyperexcitability. In an animal model of central pain, presumed allodynia (pain due to stimulus which does not normally provoke pain) was reduced by intrathecal R-PIA. The duration of this effect was more prolonged than antinociceptive effects of ADO analogues in acute models, suggesting specific effects of ADO receptor stimulation on pathological neuronal transmission associated with neuropathic pain. The effect of systemic ADO infusion on the development of cutaneous hyperalgesia after skin injury (topical mustard oil or heat) was evaluated in healthy human volunteers. The area of secondary hyperalgesia was consistently reduced by ADO. No other effects on sensory function were seen. This indicates ADO induced selective effects on the increased excitability of spinal cord neurons associated with hyperalgesia in uninjured skin. The effects of systemic ADO infusion on tactile dysfunction were assessed in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. ADO reduced the area of tactile allodynia and induced transient improvements of the clinical pain conditions. This illustrates ADO receptor mediated modulation of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in spontaneous and evoked neuropathic pain. In conclusion: The studies suggest that ADO mediated mechanisms exert major influences on pain transmission in the hyperexcited nervous system of potential clinical value.
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| 10. |
- Szczepankiewicz, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Motion-compensated gradient waveforms for tensor-valued diffusion encoding by constrained numerical optimization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1522-2594 .- 0740-3194. ; 85:4, s. 2117-2126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted MRI is sensitive to incoherent tissue motion, which may confound the measured signal and subsequent analysis. We propose a "motion-compensated" gradient waveform design for tensor-valued diffusion encoding that negates the effects bulk motion and incoherent motion in the ballistic regime.METHODS: Motion compensation was achieved by constraining the magnitude of gradient waveform moment vectors. The constraint was incorporated into a numerical optimization framework, along with existing constraints that account for b-tensor shape, hardware restrictions, and concomitant field gradients. We evaluated the efficacy of encoding and motion compensation in simulations, and we demonstrated the approach by linear and planar b-tensor encoding in a healthy heart in vivo.RESULTS: The optimization framework produced asymmetric motion-compensated waveforms that yielded b-tensors of arbitrary shape with improved efficiency compared with previous designs for tensor-valued encoding, and equivalent efficiency to previous designs for linear (conventional) encoding. Technical feasibility was demonstrated in the heart in vivo, showing vastly improved data quality when using motion compensation. The optimization framework is available online in open source.CONCLUSION: Our gradient waveform design is both more flexible and efficient than previous methods, facilitating tensor-valued diffusion encoding in tissues in which motion would otherwise confound the signal. The proposed design exploits asymmetric encoding times, a single refocusing pulse or multiple refocusing pulses, and integrates compensation for concomitant gradient effects throughout the imaging volume.
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