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- Pellegrini, B., et al.
(författare)
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Methodological Guidelines Designed to Improve the Quality of Research on Cross-Country Skiing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2096-6709 .- 2662-1371. ; 3:3, s. 207-223
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-country (XC) ski races involve a variety of formats, two different techniques and tracks with highly variable topography and environmental conditions. In addition, XC skiing is a major component of both Nordic combined and biathlon competitions. Research in this area, both in the laboratory and field, encounters certain difficulties that may reduce the reliability and validity of the data obtained, as well as complicate comparisons between studies. Here, 13 international experts propose specific guidelines designed to enhance the quality of research and publications on XC skiing, as well as on the biathlon and Nordic combined skiing. We consider biomechanical (kinematic, kinetic and neuromuscular) and physiological methodology (at the systemic and/or muscle level), providing recommendations for standardization/control of the experimental setup. We describe the types of measuring equipment and technology that are most suitable in this context. Moreover, we also deal with certain aspects of nomenclature of the classical and skating sub-techniques. In addition to enhancing the quality of studies on XC skiing, Nordic combined and biathlon, our guidelines should also be of value for sport scientists and coaches in other disciplines where physiological and/or biomechanical measurements are performed in the laboratory and/or outdoors.
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- Poetzelsberger, B., et al.
(författare)
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Alpine Skiing With total knee ArthroPlasty (ASWAP) : effects on strength and cardiorespiratory fitness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 25, s. 16-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of a 12-week recreational skiing intervention on lower limb muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in participants with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Twenty-seven older adults (70 +/- 5 years) were assigned to the intervention (n=13) or control group (n=14) after surgery (2.5 +/- 1 years). Leg muscle strength was measured using an IsoMed 2000 dynamometer and cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by cycle ergometry before and after the intervention as well as after an 8-week retention period. The skiing intervention led to increased muscle strength in the operated leg during unilateral single joint isometric extension (maximal force: 11%; P<0.05; rate of torque development: 24%; P<0.05) and during the unilateral multi-joint isokinetic single leg strength test (8%; P<0.05). This resulted in a decreased asymmetry index in the isokinetic test (13% to 5%; P<0.05). These adaptations remained unchanged toward the retention test. No effect was observed for cardiorespiratory fitness. The results demonstrate that muscle contraction forces required during recreational skiing in individuals with TKA seem adequate and effective to increase quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength in the initially weaker operated leg and to reduce an augmented post-operative asymmetry index.
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- Stöggl, T., et al.
(författare)
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Force interaction and 3D pole movement in double poling
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 21:6, s. e393-e404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyze double poling using combined kinetic and 3D kinematic analysis at high skiing speeds as regards pole force components, pole angles and pole behavior during the poling and swing phase. The hypothesis was that a horizontal pole force is more predictive for maximal skiing speed (Vmax) than the resultant pole force. Sixteen elite skiers performed a double-poling Vmax test while treadmill roller skiing. Pole forces and 3D kinematics of pole movement at a speed of 30km/h were analyzed and related to Vmax. The duration of the "preparation phase" showed the strongest relationship with Vmax (r=0.87, P<0.001). Faster skiers generated longer cycle lengths with longer swing and poling times, had less inclined pole angles at pole plant and a later peak pole force. Horizontal pole forces were not more highly related to Vmax compared with the resultant pole force. Impact force was not related to Vmax. At high skiing speeds, skiers should aim to combine high pole forces with appropriate timing of pole forces and appropriate pole and body positions during the swing and poling phase. The emphasis in training should be on the development of specific strength capacities for pole force production and the utilization of these capacities in double-poling training sessions. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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