| 1. |
- Andersson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Benevolence - Associations With Stress, Mental Health, and Self-Compassion at the Workplace
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Benevolence is an emerging concept in motivation theory and research as well as in on pro-social behavior, which has stimulated increasing interest in studying factors that impair or facilitate benevolence and effects thereof. This exploratory study examines the associations between benevolence, stress, mental health, self-compassion, and satisfaction with life in two workplace samples.Methods: In the first study n = 522 (38% = female, median age = 42) participants answered questionnaires regarding self-reported stress symptoms (i.e., emotional exhaustion), depressive symptoms and benevolence. In the second study n = 49 (female = 96%) participants answered questionnaires regarding perceived stress, self-compassion, anxiety, depression symptoms, and benevolence.Results: In study 1, measures of emotional exhaustion (r = −0.295) and depression (r = −0.190) were significantly negatively correlated with benevolence. In study 2, benevolence was significantly negatively correlated with stress (r = −0.392) and depression (r = −0.310), whereas self-compassion (0.401) was significantly positively correlated with benevolence. While correlations were in expected directions, benevolence was not significantly associated with Satisfaction with Life (r = 0.148) or anxiety (r = −0.199) in study 2.Conclusion: Self-assessed benevolence is associated with levels of perceived stress, exhaustion, depression, and self-compassion. Future studies are warranted on how benevolence is related to stress and mental ill health such as depression and anxiety, and if benevolence can be trained in order to decrease stress and mental ill health such as depression and anxiety in workplace settings.
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| 2. |
- Bojner Horwitz, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Writer's Block Revisited Micro-Phenomenological Case Study on the Blocking Influence of an Internalized Voice
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of consciousness studies. - : Imprint Academic. - 1355-8250 .- 2051-2201. ; 25:3-4, s. 9-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Writer's block, a common form of procrastination, can have a serious negative impact on an individual's academic performance. In this case study, a student with writer's block was interviewed and asked to perform body movements that represented the process of writing a master's thesis. A micro-phenomenological method was used to investigate the student's experience of writer's block and the role of an inner voice. The analysis unveiled the process by which the inner voice impeded the student, i.e. how the student perceived a set of mental images, movements, and sensations in relation to the 'inner voice'. The findings suggest that non-verbal modes of learning - through movement - may be applied productively to overcome writer's block and other forms of procrastination in broader areas such as research writing. Moreover, the micro-phenomenological method, together with the interpretation of video recordings, can reveal valuable information regarding this learning process in higher education.
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| 3. |
- Bäcklander, Gisela, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating the Activity Based Working Environment – Relationships of Self-Leadership, Autonomy and Information Richness with Cognitive Stress and Performance
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - Stockholm : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-2867.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Activity Based Working Environment (ABWE) offices, employees are allowed increased autonomy and are expected to choose where, when, with whom, and to some degree with what, to work; in other words, employees are expected to self-lead to a higher degree and to coordinate and align with colleagues. Effects of these expectations on employees’ cognitive stress and performance are understudied. In the present study, Swedish ABWE workers (N = 416) are compared with workers in cell offices (N = 30) and landscape offices (N = 64), and relationships of self-leadership, information richness, and autonomy with cognitive stress and performance were examined using regression analysis. Results show no relationship between office type and outcomes. For cognitive stress, information richness had the largest negative relationship, followed by self-leadership: goal-setting and autonomy. For performance, self-leadership: goal-setting had the largest positive relationship, followed by information richness. This suggests that when organizational situations cannot be strongly structured – for example because the best work process is not known, or innovation or different collaboration constellations are needed – they need instead to be enriched so that employee orientation and coordination do not become too much of a burden on the individual employee, disrupting cognitive functioning and performance.
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| 4. |
- Honk, Ludwig, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal associations between psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms in the United States and the United Kingdom
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 351, s. 194-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has long been speculated that psychedelic use could provoke the onset of psychosis, but there is little evidence to support this conjecture. Using a longitudinal research design with samples representative of the US and UK adult populations with regard to sex, age, and ethnicity (n = 9732), we investigated associations between psychedelic use and change in the number of psychotic symptoms during the two-month study period. In covariate-adjusted regression models, psychedelic use during the study period was not associated with a change in the number of psychotic symptoms unless it interacted with a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, in which case the number of symptoms increased, or with a personal (but not family) history of psychotic disorders, in which case the number of symptoms decreased. Taken together, these findings indicate that psychedelic use may affect psychotic symptoms in individuals with a personal or family history of certain disorders characterized by psychotic symptomatology.
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| 5. |
- Klein, Yannick, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of nature-related habits and their relation to mental health outcomes during two years of the COVID-19 pandemic : a population-based study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - 2198-1833 .- 1613-2238.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Spending time in natural environments has been linked to mental health benefits, and may have been an important resilience factor during the COVID-19 pandemic, but longitudinal studies are limited. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the development of nature-related habits and their relationship to different mental health outcomes before and during early and later phases of COVID-19 (2019–2022). Furthermore, the buffering potential of nature-related habits on effects of major life events on mental health outcomes was investigated.Subject and methods A subsample of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) was studied during 2018–2022, including follow-ups in early 2021 (n = 1902) and 2022 (n = 1580). Visits to various types of nature, mental health outcomes (symptoms of depression, anxiety, loneliness, sleep difficulties), and major life events were analyzed across the study period while controlling for confounders.Results Greater overall engagement in nature visits, particularly visiting forests or using one’s garden, was associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and sleep problems in early 2021 and 2022.Importantly, changes in nature visits were consistently negatively associated with investigated mental health outcomes across the study period. All nature visits, except for garden time, increased in the long term (2019–2022). Visiting forests also increased in the short term, while overall nature visits initially decreased (2019–2020).Conclusion Generally, nature visits increased longitudinally and were associated with better mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This underscores the importance of green- and blue-space accessibility for facilitating outdoor recreation in natural environments, to support resilience and public health during pandemics.
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| 6. |
- Klein, Yannick, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature-related habits and their development and relation to mental health outcomes during the covid-19 pandemic : a population-based study in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 136-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mental health disorders represent a major public health concern, and significantly contribute to the global burden of disease. The Covid-19 pandemic posed additional challenges for mental health. Spending time in natural environments has been linked to numerous health benefits.Purpose: Therefore, the present study investigated the role of different types of nature-related habits for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness, and their development during the pandemic 2019–2022, in Sweden. Further, we investigated whether nature habits could buffer negative effects of major life events on mental health outcomes (MHO).Method: Different types of nature-related habits, symptoms of depression, anxiety, loneliness, major life events, and control variables were assessed via self-report measures, in a sub-sample of respondents to the Swedish Occupational Survey of Health, in 2021 (n = 1 896), and 2022 (n = 1 579). Sequential linear regressions were conducted to analyze relationships between nature-related habits and MHO, while controlling for demographics, SES, relationship status, and pre-pandemic MHO.Results: Spending time in nature was consistently associated with fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness during the pandemic after adjusting for control variables. Especially spending time in forest and garden environments were associated with better mental health. Spending time in garden environments buffered effects of major life events on symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not loneliness. Increased nature habits during the pandemic related to improved MHO.Conclusions: Spending time in natural environments during the Covid-19 pandemic led to better MHO, with implications for urban development and public health promotion.
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| 7. |
- Klein, Yannick, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature visits buffered against loneliness during COVID-19, especially among those working mainly remotely. A population-based study of working adults in Sweden
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions posed challenges to people’s private and work lives. There was a rapid shift from on-site to remote working for many working adults in Sweden and internationally, while opportunities for in-person social and leisure activities indoors were limited. One challenge was thus the risk of increased loneliness and social isolation, especially among those working more remotely. In this context, nature visits may potentially mitigate loneliness. This study thus investigates whether a higher degree of remote work during COVID-19 was related to increased loneliness and whether nature visits mitigated loneliness, especially for those working mainly remotely, for which studies are limited. MethodsThe sample comprised a subsample of respondents to the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health 2020 (n = 984). The effect of remote work, nature-related habits (NRH), and time on loneliness (before – during COVID-19) were analyzed using linear mixed models while controlling for confounders.ResultsIn general, loneliness levels during COVID-19 were highest and increased the most compared to before the pandemic among the most remotely working individuals. Engaging daily in NRH was associated with lower levels of loneliness, particularly among individuals mostly working remotely. This was observed in a three-way interaction effect between remote work, NRH, and time on loneliness.ConclusionDaily nature visits may protect against loneliness during and beyond crises like COVID-19, particularly for those working mainly remotely. Policies preserving and facilitating access to natural environments may be crucial for promoting resilience during and beyond crises like COVID-19.
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| 8. |
- Klein, Yannick, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Residential Greenspace Is Associated with Lower Levels of Depressive and Burnout Symptoms, and Higher Levels of Life Satisfaction : A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population-based studies of individual-level residential greenspace and mental health outcomes are still limited. Thus, the present study investigates greenspace–mental health associations—including depressive symptoms, burnout symptoms, and life satisfaction—in a population-based sample of adults, the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, in 2016 (n = 14,641). High-resolution land cover of greenspace and green–blue-space was assessed at 50, 100, 300 and 500 m buffers around residential addresses. Higher residential greenspace and green–blue-space were associated with lower levels of depressive and burnout symptoms among non-working individuals and with higher life satisfaction in the whole study population, after controlling for age, sex, individual income, and neighborhood socioeconomics. The immediate residential-surrounding environment (50 m) consistently showed the strongest associations with the outcomes. Having a partner was associated with better mental health outcomes and with having more residential greenspace, and adjusting for this rendered greenspace–health associations mostly statistically non-significant. In conclusion, higher levels of greenspace and green–blue-space in the immediate residential-surrounding environment were associated with better mental health outcomes in the present study, which contributes additional nuances to prior studies. The importance of residential greenspace for public health, urban planning, and development is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Klein, Yannick, 1991-
(författare)
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The role of nature exposure for mental health outcomes : Population-based studies of adults in Sweden, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Poor mental health is a major public health concern, globally and in Sweden. It is linked to individual suffering and systematic issues such as long-term sick leave, rehabilitation costs, early work exit, or productivity loss. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions emerged as a crisis involving challenges to individuals’ private and work situations. With increasing urbanization, the role of natural environments in promoting mental health has gained recognition. Exposure to natural environments has been linked to mental health benefits, also during the COVID-19 pandemic when this may have been an important resilience factor. However, few population-based studies have investigated individual-level residential greenspace (RGS) and mental health-related outcomes (MHO) using high-quality exposure measures. Also, longitudinal studies of nature visits and MHO, and the role of nature visits for loneliness in the working population, over time during COVID-19, are scarce. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to fill these gaps by examining the role of various types of nature exposure for MHO across different situations and time frames before and during COVID-19 in three quantitative studies. Study I examined the role of individual RGS on MHO in a population-based sample of adults residing in urban areas in Sweden, using high-resolution geographic land-cover data. Results showed that higher levels of residential green and green-blue space cover were associated with better MHO, specifically lower symptoms of depression and burnout among non-working individuals, and higher life satisfaction in the whole sample, after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Consistently, green and green-blue space in the immediate residential surroundings (50 m) showed the most robust associations with MHO. Study II investigated the development of nature-related habits (NRH) from before and during two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2022), and their relationship with MHO over time, in a population-based sample in Sweden. It was found that most nature visits increased over time (2019–2022), with forest visits also increasing significantly in the short term (2019–2020). Frequent NRH, particularly garden time and forest visits, were related to lower levels of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and sleep problems in early 2021 and 2022. Maintaining and increasing NRH frequency over time was related to better MHO or protected against worse MHO in association with decreasing NRH over time.Study III investigated whether working mainly remotely during COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of loneliness in a population-based sample of working adults in Sweden and whether nature visits buffered against loneliness over time among those working mainly remotely. It was found that loneliness levels during the pandemic were highest and increased the most compared to before among individuals working mainly remotely. Engaging daily in NRH mitigated the detrimental association between remote work and loneliness over time.Overall, the results across the three studies showed that the various types of nature exposure investigated were consistently associated with better MHO across various situations and time frames. This underscores the importance of preserving and developing natural environments in urban areas to promote mental health, in alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
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| 10. |
- Lõhmus, Mare, et al.
(författare)
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Mental Health, Greenness, and Nature Related Behaviors in the Adult Population of Stockholm County during COVID-19-Related Restrictions
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International data suggest that exposure to nature is beneficial for mental health and well-being. The restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have created a setting that allows us to investigate the importance of greenness exposure on mental health during a period of increased isolation and worry. Based on 2060 responses from an online survey in Stockholm County, Sweden, we investigated: (1) whether the COVID-19 pandemic changed peoples' lifestyle and nature-related habits, and (2) if peoples' mental health differed depending on their exposure to greenness. Neighborhood greenness levels were quantified by using the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within 50 m, 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers surrounding the participant's place of residence. We found that the number of individuals that reported that they visited natural areas "often" was significantly higher during the pandemic than before the pandemic. Higher levels of greenness surrounding one's location of residence were in general associated with higher mental health/well-being and vitality scores, and less symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived and cognitive stress, after adjustments for demographic variables and walkability. In conclusion, the results from the present study provided support to the suggestion that contact with nature may be important for mental health in extreme circumstances.
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