| 1. |
- Anderson, N. John, et al.
(author)
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The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century : Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland
- 2017
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In: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 67:2, s. 118-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Kangerlussuaq area of southwest Greenland encompasses diverse ecological, geomorphic, and climate gradients that function over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Ecosystems range from the microbial communities on the ice sheet and moisture-stressed terrestrial vegetation (and their associated herbivores) to freshwater and oligosaline lakes. These ecosystems are linked by a dynamic glacio-fluvial-aeolian geomorphic system that transports water, geological material, organic carbon and nutrients from the glacier surface to adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems. This paraglacial system is now subject to substantial change because of rapid regional warming since 2000. Here, we describe changes in the eco-and geomorphic systems at a range of timescales and explore rapid future change in the links that integrate these systems. We highlight the importance of cross-system subsidies at the landscape scale and, importantly, how these might change in the near future as the Arctic is expected to continue to warm.
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| 5. |
- Eliaso Magnusson, Josefina, et al.
(author)
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High proficiency in markets of performance a sociocultural approach to nativelikeness
- 2012
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In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition. - 0272-2631 .- 1470-1545. ; 34:2, s. 321-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-proficiency second language (L2) learners challenge much theory and methodology in contemporary sociolinguistic and L2 acquisition research, which suggests the need for honest interdisciplinarity when working in the interstices of style, stylization, and advanced acquisition processes. When to consider fluent and highly competent speakers of a language to be language learners in ways relevant to SLA theory is a fraught and contentious issue. This study suggests that highly fluent multilinguals provide key data on notions of nativelikeness and near-nativelikeness that are of value for understanding processes of acquisition and use. It suggests that relative judgments of nativelikeness are interactionally accomplished (membership) categorizations made on the basis of specific linguistic features relative to particular linguistic markets. The data for the study are taken from a unique population-namely, young people from multilingual family backgrounds, born and raised in Sweden, all of whom ethnically self-identify as Assyrian-Syrian but whose repertoires are complexly multilingual. All participants are generally perceived to be native speakers of Swedish on a daily basis. Nevertheless, at certain moments, these young people are reclassified as near-native or native-like. The study analyzes their narrative accounts of metalinguistic reflexivity from occasions and interactional moments when they are classified as nonstandard speakers and, therefore, near-natives or learners. The findings suggest the necessity of revisiting notions of nativelikeness and account for the phenomenon in terms of register, voice, and identity relative to different symbolic and linguistic markets.
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| 6. |
- Eliaso Magnusson, Josefina, 1978-
(author)
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Språk, diaspora, makt : Flerspråkiga resurser och diasporaidentiteter bland unga vuxna i Sverige
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Based on three separate studies, this thesis explores diaspora identities among young adult Assyrians/Syrians in Sweden, mediated through language. The focus is on how multilingual young adults use their languages and reflect on their use of language. The young adults’ experiences of, and perceptions of, languages are studied in two different socio-geographic locations in Sweden. The theoretical concepts applied in this thesis pave the way for nuanced conceptions of diaspora. Foucault’s understandings of concepts such as resistance, power and discourse have been applied, as have Bourdieu’s notions of field, capital and habitus. With these concepts, the thesis investigates and highlights subject positions and power relations that emerged in the young adults’ language practices and meta-reflections on their use of language. Furthermore, concepts from linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics have been applied as important complements to Bourdieu and Foucault. This theoretical and conceptual combination clarifies how the young adults’ perceived linguistic opportunities and limitations are closely linked to status and power, habitus and language ideologies. Study I deals with the construction and positioning of native and non-native speaker of a language and illuminates ideological beliefs that come with language. Highly fluent multilinguals provide key data on notions of nativelikeness and near-nativelikeness that are of value for understanding processes of acquisition and use. The study shows that relative judgments of nativelikeness are interactionally accomplished (membership) categorizations made on the basis of specific linguistic features relative to particular linguistic markets. This suggests the necessity of revisiting notions of nativelikeness and account for the phenomenon in terms of register, voice, and identity relative to different symbolic and linguistic markets. Study II examines under what conditions the minority language Suryoyo can be connected to symbolic power and become linguistic capital for young Assyrian/Syrian adults. Fieldwork in two different socio-geographic places made it possible to identify some general tendencies in the data. In order to understand the complexity of linguistic and social strategies that are developed among the young adults two notions are introduced, peripheral centre and context-specific repertoire, that combine individual- and space bound repertoires. Study III, finally, deals with social categorization experienced, reproduced, and resisted in everyday life, by observing and analyzing an interaction between one of the participants and his classmates. By applying intersectionality as the key notion in the analysis, the study indicates that valued capitals are never just about one single category. The study shows how everyday linguistic and cultural practices and various forms of capital, such as ethnicity and language, together locate individuals, according to their representations of everyday encounters across difference. In conclusion, the present thesis provides insight into the circumstances under which different languages are used and developed, and make visible some of the conditions for integration in today’s Swedish society. Thereby, it contributes to increasing our knowledge of the relationships between language, diaspora and power.
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| 7. |
- Franker, Qarin, 1952-
(author)
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Litteracitet och visuella texter : Studier om lärare och kortutbildade deltagare i sfi
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge concerning the adult basic literacy education in the Nordic countries and broaden research on literacy from its traditional focus on verbal texts to include images and visual texts. The thesis comprises a research survey concerning adult literacy and two empirical, exploratory studies focusing on the use of visual texts in the basic Swedish language programme for adult immigrants, Svenskundervisning för invandrare (sfi). The first study presents international and Nordic research on literacy with a focus on current sociocultural, and critical perspectives. Together with the three concepts of mutual respect, meaningfulness and participation, an ‘expansive’ model for adult literacy instruction is also presented. The second study deals with the teachers´ views on appropriate visual materials for second language and literacy teaching. The results show an extensive but diversified usage of visual material but also that literacy teachers pay very close attention to participants´ sociocultural background in their image selection but tend to underestimate their cognitive ability. From a critical perspective the teachers´ statements can be regarded as part of a discursive practice in which they unintentionally contribute to a discourse construction of an identity of deficiency of the learners. The third study examines and compares, how adult second language learners interact with and understand a number of Swedish election posters. The analyses identify processes and variations in the learners´ interaction. The results show that the reconstructions of the visual texts are influenced by the participants´ linguistic, educational and cultural ‘repertoires’, as well as the posters´ graphic, visual and textual design. A certain level of linguistic proficiency as well as formal schooling and knowledge of the current discourse seem to be indispensable for making the intended interpretations.
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| 8. |
- Guissemo, Manuel, 1976-
(author)
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Manufacturing Multilingualisms of Marginality in Mozambique : Exploring the Orders of Visibility of Local African Languages
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Colonial era language policies and practices in Mozambique sought to render native African languages (and their speakers) invisible in public space. This ‘order of (in)visibility’ was later adopted by many African states, including Mozambique, by choosing the ex-colonial language as the one and only official language and prohibiting or ignoring the use of African languages in the interest of so-called national unity. Recent postcolonial democratization of African countries is seemingly beginning to change the colonial heritage of local linguistic underdevelopment, with the introduction of language policies that – on the surface at least – give more value to local African languages. This thesis argues, however, that African languages remain marginalized in systematic ways that replicate historical linguistic inequities. The three studies that make up the thesis focus on the technologies, spaces and mechanisms whereby these languages have been manufactured as marginalized from colonial times until the present. The studies build on a combination of ethnographic and archival data. A theoretical framing in a sociolinguistics of globalization approach broadly defined, and complemented with an explicit emphasis on temporality provides the conceptual framework and methodological toolbox for analysis. Study I explores the impact that colonial politics had on the management of multilingualism focusing on how local African languages were ideologically constructed as frozen in the past, whereas Portuguese was depicted as a modern, state-bearing language of progress. This ideology was later assimilated by the postcolonial regime always placing the local African languages in a position of inferiority in relation to Portuguese. Study II analyses how public space was used in chronologically different political regimes to produce different orders of visibility for local African languages and Portuguese in the semiotic landscapes of urban Maputo. The focus of this paper is on artifacts of memorization and public discourses that made local African languages invisible in public spaces until early 1990, when political changes introduced new orders of visibility for these languages in public space. However, ‘archaeological’ traces of Portuguese remain in the orthographic and linguistic forms in which local African languages are authored, testimony to its continued hegemony in public space. Study III explores how local African languages are now used in practices of hip hop relocalization, where ‘keeping it real’ and authenticity as features of the genre simultaneously serve to ideologically resuscitate political individuals such as the incorruptible President Samora Machel (1920–1986). In this way, the very marginalization – past-ness – of these languages carries a vibrant contemporary protest. The main thrust of the thesis is to argue that local African languages are discursively produced in temporal frames distinct from the mainstreaming of Portuguese. It is this that continues to reproduce the relative marginality of these languages.
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| 9. |
- Heugh, Kathleen, et al.
(author)
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Diversities, affinities and diasporas : a southern lens and methodology for understanding multilingualisms
- 2018
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In: Current Issues in Language Planning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4208 .- 1747-7506. ; 20:1, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We frame multilingualisms through a growing interest in a linguistics and sociology of the 'south' and acknowledge earlier contributions of linguists in Africa, the Americas and Asia who have engaged with human mobility, linguistic contact and consequential ecologies that alter over time and space. Recently, conversations of multilingualism have drifted in two directions. Southern conversations have become intertwined with 'de-colonial theory', and with 'southern' theory, thinking and epistemologies. In these, 'southern' is regarded as a metaphor for marginality, coloniality and entanglements of the geopolitical north and south. Northern debates that receive traction appear to focus on recent 're-awakenings' in Europe and North America that mis-remember southern experiences of linguistic diversity. We provide a contextual backdrop for articles in this issue that illustrate intelligences of multilingualisms and the linguistic citizenship of southern people. In these, southern multilingualisms are revealed as phenomena, rather than as a phenomenon defined usually in English. The intention is to suggest a third direction of mutual advantage in rethinking the social imaginary in relation to communality, entanglements and interconnectivities of both South and North.
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| 10. |
- Heugh, Kathleen, et al.
(author)
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Spaces of exception : southern multilingualisms as resource and risk
- 2018
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In: Current Issues in Language Planning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4208 .- 1747-7506. ; 20:1, s. 100-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we draw attention to people who journey from one temporal and spatial setting towards another in the 'South', who aspire to a reconfigured sense of belonging, prosperity and wellbeing, and their multilinguality and multilingualisms. Through three vignettes of journeys we illustrate how in changing of place that linguistic diversities are encountered and mediated. During moments of North-South and South-South entanglement and exception we argue that multilingualisms re-ecologise along horizontal axes of conviviality, and / or re-index along vertical axes of exclusion. We suggest that 'rooting' and 'rerouting' multilingualisms are not only multidimensional, but they are also multifaceted as people who choose or are obliged to experience dis-placement, undertake journeys of anticipation of replacement into regulated or unregulated situations. Multilingualisms in the memories, dreams, complex selves, materiality and complicities of coping have yet to receive sufficient attention from linguists. We attempt to capture these aspects and suggest that southern multilingualisms have much to offer and entice northern multilingualisms. We illustrate how closely integrated are multilingual repertoires with mobilities and temporalities of dislocation and change; with loss, nostalgia and the anticipation of new beginnings; and with multi-scaled complicities between individuals as they re-calibrate lives in turbulent and changing circumstances.
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