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- Brandheim, Susanne, 1965-
(författare)
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A systemic stigmatization of fat people
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this work was to develop knowledge about and awareness of fatness stigmatization from a systemic perspective. The stigmatization of fat people was located as a social problem in a second-order reality in which human fatness is observed and responded to, in turn providing it with negative meaning. Four separate studies of processes involved in this systemic stigmatization were performed.In study I, the association between weight and psychological distress was investigated. When controlling for an age-gender variable, this association was almost erased, questioning the certainty by which a higher weight in general is approached as a medical issue. In study II, the focus was on stigma internalization where negative and positive responses combined were connected to fat individuals’ distress. We found that both responses seemed to have a larger impact on fat individuals, suggesting that the embodied stigma of being fat sensitizes them to responses in general. In study III, justifications of fatness stigmatization was explored by a content analysis of a reality TV weight-loss show. The analysis showed how explicit bullying of a fat partner could be justified by animating the thin Self as violated by the fat Other, thus downplaying the evils of the bullying act in favor of highlighting the ideological value of thinness.The implications of these studies were related and seated in a context comprising a historical aversion toward the fat body, a declared obesity epidemic, a new public health ideology, a documented failure to reverse this obesity epidemic, and a market of weight-loss stakeholders who thrive on keeping the negative meanings of being fat alive. The stigmatization of fat people was intelligible from a systemic perspective, where processes of structural ignorance, internalized self-discrimination, and applied prejudice reinforce each other to form a larger stigmatizing process. In paper IV, it was argued that viewing fatness stigmatization as oppression rather than misrecognition could hold transformative keys to social change.
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- Gonäs, Lena, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing Structures and Women’s Role as Labor Force
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Roskilde Universitetsforlag. - 2245-0157. ; 5:2, s. 89-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to analyze changes in the development of women's role as labor force over a 40-year period. This is done by presenting research results that concern the restructur-ing of the labor market over different time periods. The empirical material is from the 1960s, the heyday of the Swedish model; from the 1980s, the period that economic historians label the third industrial revolution; and from the 1990s, a period labeled the new working life that is covering the reorganization of the public sector.For the first period results from restructuring in the shipyard industry are presented as well as employment outcomes for single individuals. This industry was male dominated with very few women employed, but regional policy measures were implemented to reach a latent female labor force. The second period is covered by a study of closures and cutbacks in different industries in Sweden during 1982–1983. The proportion of women employed in the industries studied was around one third and employment outcomes had a specific gendered pattern. Women did to a lower extent than men get new permanent jobs. Permanent temporariness was introduced as a concept to describe their labor market situation.The recession that one decade later hit both female- and male-dominated sectors is il-lustrated by a study of the relations between labor market attachment, working life, and family conditions. The material comes from a regional research program based on a questionnaire and on register data on incomes from 1990 to 1999. The paper analyzes several areas related to work and outside of work that indicate a gendered pattern of multidimensional subordination and an increased polarization in terms of both gender and class. In conclusion, the 40 years has been a period of dramatic change in women's situation as labor force. In times of restructuring they often entered into precarious job situations or unemploy-ment. Women's double burden proved remarkably resilient when explaining gender differences in employment and working conditions.
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- Karlqvist, L., et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in time pressure and health among journalists
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. The first study aimed to shed light on were differences between male and female journalists, between journals of different size and between editorial work in a big city and a provincial town. We have been studying whether, and in that case how, working conditions and health for women and men have been influenced by the integration of the sexes that has taken place parallel to technological development. In the follow-up study we focussed on gender differences in time pressure and health.Methods. Questionnaires for self-evaluation, interviews and observation were used as methods to analyze working conditions, workload and health. One big, one medium sized and one small daily newspaper were included in the study. A total of 317 answered the questionnaire, while in two of the news offices 24 journalists were interviewed and observed with regard to their working conditions and health.Results. As a profession journalism has for long been male dominated, but is now showing a bigger share of women. Between 1989 and 2000 the share of women rose from 34 to 47 percent and the increase seems to be going on. Through this, the journalist profession has become one of the few professions with a balanced gender division. Todaý's situation is according to our study to a certain degree still marked by a traditional gender order.Time pressure was surprisingly identical irrespective of financial status, number of employees and circulation. Pressure to produce quickly was as high for the slimmed organisation of the big city newspaper, which was competing on a tough media market, as for the small newspaper that struggled for survival. High pressure in time indicated high demands. Evaluations of stress levels in our study indicated co-variations with the level of demands in this respect. The connection between stress evaluation and ailments were a rather general feature for all the three editorial offices and most blatantly for the women. Health results were different for women and men. The work situation did not explain the entire difference in health outcomes. What also seemed to be important was that the physical design of the workplaces was not adapted to women to a sufficient degree.In the follow-up study we found that 62 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men reported that time pressure had increased during the last two years. Work load had increased more among the women (72 percent compared to 39 percent among the men) and the women we more restricted to their computer work than the men and it had increased from the initial study. The women also reported more musculoskeletal and psychosocial symptoms than the men and an increase from the first study was seen.Conclusions. Journalists report high pressure in time in their job and our study indicates that more women than men experience increase in time pressure during the last couple of years. The female journalists also reported more musculoskeletal as well as psychosocial symptoms than the male journalists.
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| 7. |
- Karlqvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Uppföljning och utvärdering : Journaliststudien
- 2005
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Ingår i: På gränsen till genombrott? Om det könsuppdelade arbetslivet s. 218-222. - Stockholm : Agora. - 9789189483439 ; , s. 218-222
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Overud, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of reforming the regional labour market policy in Sweden and Finland : Presentation of a research project
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln presenterar den idémässiga bakgrunden till ett pågående forskningsprojekt om hur den s.k. arbetslinjen upprätthålls i ett lokalt och regionalt perspektiv i Sverige. Ett perspektiv på förhållandena i Sverige utvecklas genom jämförelser med Finland.De övergripande frågeställningarna tar sin utgångspunkt i utvecklingen i närings- och arbetslivet under 1960-talet jämfört med utvecklingen under 1990-talet och i början av 2000-talet. Trots att tillväxten idag bedöms att vara gynnsam, präglas arbetsmarknaden av ökande differenser i bägge länderna. Skillnaderna i välfärd ökar mellan regioner och kommuner.Omarbeting av den nationella regionalpolitiken och anpassningen av utvecklingspraktikerna till principerna i EU:s regionalpolitik har påverkat de institutionella formerna för regional utveckling i såväl Finland som Sverige. Den svenska och finska regionalpolitikens anpassning till EU har inneburit en omsvängning från uppifrån-och-ner till riktning nedifrån-och-upp, vilket innebär att kommuner, organisationer, det lokala näringslivet samt statliga myndigheter på lokal nivå blir involverade på ett mer genomgripande sätt än tidigare. Den regionala och lokala betoningen i arbetsmarknadspolitiken förutsätter även bl.a. att jämställdhetsarbetet förankras lokalt. Att skapa arbetstillfällen är det övergripande målet för både strukturfonds- och tillväxtprogrammen. Under senaste åren har företagandet fått ökad betydelse i arbetsmarknadspolitiken ur regionalpolitisk synpunkt. Många nya företag i Sverige och Finland har uppkommit i en miljö som präglats starkt inte bara av en viss marknadssituation utan också av politiska strukturer, t.ex. EU:s strukturfonder, regionalpolitiken, kommunalekonomisk krishantering och en uttunnad social infrastruktur Att bl.a. öka kvinnors företagande har setts som ett sätt att öka sysselsättningen, särskilt på landsbygden.
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| 10. |
- Overud, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Diskussion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Från reserv till reserv. - Växjö : Växjö universitet. - 9789189317482 ; , s. 54-60
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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