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- Karlsson, Stefan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability through lightweighting of commercial glass containers
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glass manufacturing is an energy-intensive process where raw materials are melted at temperatures often >1400 °C. Sustainable glass manufacturing is becoming increasingly important as both the energy crisis of the 2020th decade and the climate crisis are spiring. CO2 emissions during the glass melting arise from three different sources, i) fuel combustion, ii) raw material decomposition and iii) power consumed by the production facility. Taking container glass as an example, which is the most produced glass product in the world, the recent trend has been to increase the recycling rates. Depending on the location of the container glass producer (i.e., the access to cullet), the color, and the quality demand, recycling of cullet is in the range of 30-90%. Increasing the recycling is a typical route to reduce the energy need for glass manufacturing, however, lightweighting is another viable option towards sustainability which so far has only been explored to a limited extent. To make a glass container lighter, the glass needs to be made stronger through a strengthening process which also requires energy. The theoretical estimation of the required energy for melting, annealing and strengthening a glass container is to be presented.
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| 2. |
- Macrelli, Guglielmo, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial glass strengthening and safety technologies : lessons learned and yet to be learned
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology. Part A: Glass Technology. - : Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3546. ; 65:3, s. 65-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the fourth in this series of “Lessons Learned and Yet to be Learned” on topics related to glass strength.(1-3) In this paper we pick up the topic of stronger glass products from our earlier publication(2) and expand to discussing commercial technologies. Included in this discussion are a brief historical perspective of the initial technologies and update to newer technologies with the aim to obtain faster production rates that focus on lightweight glass products and a sustainable future with respect to resource conservation, reduced energy consumption and reduced CO2 emissions. Also included are glass products which focus on safety mostly and less on overall strength.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Macrelli, Guglielmo, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable glass technologies for thinner yetstronger glass products
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainability is a strongly emerging theme spreading over all technologies and products. We discuss here the sustainable approach from two directions: glass products and glass manufacturingtechnologies. The interrelations between products and technologies are discussed with reference tomechanical strength correlated to thickness and weight reduction of glass articles. Different glassarticles application areas: building and architectural, transportations, foods and pharmaceuticals setspecific strength requirements. The achievement of strength requirements by using sustainable technologies is discussed together with the possibility to use thinner glass articles matching the same orbetter level of performance. In this presentation, flat and hollow glassware are discussed in terms ofthe various steps to manufacture: glass melting and formation, edge working (cutting and grinding),post-forming in curved shapes, strengthening, and lamination.
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