| 1. |
- Chen, Shan, et al.
(författare)
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An efficient enzymatic aminolysis for kinetic resolution of aromatic alpha-hydroxyl acid in non-aqueous media
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 57:48, s. 5312-5314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new and highly efficient enzymatic aminolysis approach for kinetic resolution of aromatic a-hydroxy acid in non-aqueous media has been developed. The corresponding alpha-hydroxyl acid ester was employed as the substrate, and commercially available Candida antarctica lipase B is used as the biocatalyst, anhydrous ammonia is the resolving agent. Reactions can be proceeded smoothly in organic solvent at ambient temperatures. High concentration of substrate is allowed due to the application of organic media and the products are obtained in yields of up to 49% with ee values of up to 99%, and with E value of >300, representing an appealing and promising protocol for large-scale preparations.
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| 2. |
- Lu, Yiping, et al.
(författare)
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Promising properties and future trend of eutectic high entropy alloys
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462. ; 187, s. 202-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), as a sub-group of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), are becoming a new research hotspot in the metallic materials community because of their excellent castability, fine and uniform microstructures even in the as-cast state, high strength, and good ductility. Some of the EHEAs have shown promising potentials for industrial applications. Here, the history, interesting solidification microstructure and mechanical properties, and the design strategy of EHEAs are reviewed, and their future prospects are outlined.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Xun, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving Capital Account Convertibility in China
- 2011
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Ingår i: China Economic Journal. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1753-8971 .- 1753-8963. ; 4:1, s. 25-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China has been delaying the plan of achieving capital account convertibility since the Asian financial crisis, although restrictions on capital flows have been reduced steadily, confirmed by the falling Capital Account Control Index. Current restrictions exist mainly for cross-border portfolio investment, debt financing and outward direct investment (ODI). Effectiveness of these restrictions, however, has been declining over time. While capital controls probably helped support domestic financial stability in the past, their potential costs are rising quickly, evidenced by losing independence of the monetary policy. China already possesses a range of favorable conditions for capital account liberalization, including stable macroeconomic situation, healthy fiscal and financial systems, and strong external accounts. Some of these conditions may be reversed in the coming years. Therefore, China should probably try to achieve basic capital account convertibility within the next three to five years. This requires, among others, establishment of market-based interest rates and exchange rates. The authorities could probably remove restrictions on debt financing and ODI quickly. For the more volatile portfolio investment, they could retain the existing qualified foreign institutional investor and qualified domestic institutional investor schemes, with significantly increased quotas but substantially reduced restrictions during the transition period.
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| 4. |
- Gao, Yiping, et al.
(författare)
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A Multilevel Information Fusion-Based Deep Learning Method for Vision-Based Defect Recognition
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 69:7, s. 3980-3991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vision-based defect recognition is an important technology to guarantee quality in modern manufacturing systems. Deep learning (DL) becomes a research hotspot in vision-based defect recognition due to outstanding performances. However, most of the DL methods require a large sample to learn the defect information. While in some real-world cases, it is difficult and costly for data collecting, and only a small sample is available. Generally, a small sample contains less information, which may mislead the DL models so that they cannot work as expected. Therefore, this requirement impedes the wide applications of DL in vision-based defect recognition. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a multilevel information fusion-based DL method for vision-based defect recognition. In the proposed method, a three-level Gaussian pyramid is introduced to generate multilevel information of the defect so that more information is available for model training. After the Gaussian pyramid, three VGG16 networks are built to learn the information and the outputs are fused for the final recognition result. The experimental results show that the proposed method can extract more useful information and achieve better performances on small-sample tasks, compared with the conventional DL methods and defect recognition methods. Furthermore, the analysis results of the robustness and response time also indicate that the proposed method is robust for the noise input, and it is fast for defect recognition, which takes 13.74 ms to handle a defect image.
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| 5. |
- Hua, Xiuping, et al.
(författare)
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What Determine China's Inflation?
- 2010
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Ingår i: China Economic Journal. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge). - 1753-8971 .- 1753-8963. ; 3:1, s. 69-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Huang, Yiping, et al.
(författare)
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Financial liberalization and the middle-income trap : What can China learn from the cross-country experience?
- 2014
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier. - 1043-951X. ; 31, s. 426-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Should China accelerate financial liberalization in order to avoid the middle-income trap? And, if the answer is yes, which specific reform steps should the government undertake? In this study we attempt to shed light on these questions by examining experiences of 80 countries during the period 1980-2010. Empirical analyses reveal that the growth effect of financial repression is insignificant among low-income economies, significantly negative among middle-income economies and significantly positive among high-income economies. Furthermore, for the middle-income group, repressive policies on credit, bank entry, securities market and the capital account significantly inhibit economic growth. In the meantime, law and order promotes growth among all income groups, while democracy has no impact whatsoever. We also validate these findings through a range of robustness checks. These findings offer important policy implications for China.
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| 8. |
- Jiao, Wenna, et al.
(författare)
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Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2524-5392 .- 2524-5384. ; , s. 53-90
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), as a subclass of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), exhibit various excellent mechanical, physical, and anti-corrosion properties as well as excellent castability, which are becoming one of the research frontiers in the metal alloy field. EHEAs combine nicely the unique advantages of eutectic alloys and HEAs, with in-situ formed composite structure containing multi-principal components during the solidification process. Since the first report of EHEAs in 2014, plenty of investigations have been made on the topic, resulting in dozens of promising candidate EHEAs for future applications. In this chapter, the recent research advances in EHEAs were summarized, to comprehensively present the historical development, current situation, and future aspects of EHEAs. The concept of EHEAs was firstly introduced, which was proposed based on the special solidification microstructure of eutectic alloys. The excellent mechanical performance in directly cast EHEAs inspired rapid developments on this topic. Then, several alloy design methods were introduced, for the efficient prediction of new EHEA systems. Meanwhile, the deformation behavior and mechanisms have been thoroughly investigated for a mechanistic understanding of the superior mechanical properties of EHEAs, and they were summarized here. Finally, the potential applications and future developments of EHEAs were suggested as a concluding remark.
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| 9. |
- Jolly, Jean Baptiste, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: A spectral stacking analysis of [C II] in lensed z similar to 6 galaxies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The properties of galaxies at redshift z>6 hold the key to our understanding of the early stages of galaxy evolution and can potentially identify the sources of the ultraviolet radiation that give rise to the epoch of reionisation. The far-infrared cooling line of [C II] at 158 mu m is known to be bright and correlate with the star formation rate (SFR) of low-redshift galaxies, and hence is also suggested to be an important tracer of star formation and interstellar medium properties for very high-redshift galaxies. Aims. With the aim to study the interstellar medium properties of gravitationally lensed galaxies at z>6, we search for [C II] and thermal dust emission in a sample of 52 > 6 galaxies observed by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey. Methods. We perform our analysis using LINESTACKER, stacking both [C II] and continuum emission. The target sample is selected from multiple catalogues, and the sample galaxies have spectroscopic redshift or low-uncertainty photometric redshifts (sigma(z)<0.02) in nine galaxy clusters. Source properties of the target galaxies are either extracted from the literature or computed using spectral energy distribution fitting. Both weighted-average and median stacking are used, on both the full sample and three sub-samples. Results. Our analyses find no detection of either [C II] or continuum. An upper limit on L-[CII] is derived, implying that [C II] remains marginally consistent for low-SFR z>6 galaxies but likely is under-luminous compared to the local L-[CII]-SFR relationship. We discuss potential biases and possible physical effects that may be the cause of the non-detection. Further, the upper limit on the dust continuum implies that less than half of the star formation is obscured.
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| 10. |
- Killela, Patrick J., et al.
(författare)
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TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 110:15, s. 6021-6026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant cells, like all actively growing cells, must maintain their telomeres, but genetic mechanisms responsible for telomere maintenance in tumors have only recently been discovered. In particular, mutations of the telomere binding proteins alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) or death-domain associated protein (DAXX) have been shown to underlie a telomere maintenance mechanism not involving telomerase (alternative lengthening of telomeres), and point mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene increase telomerase expression and have been shown to occur in melanomas and a small number of other tumors. To further define the tumor types in which this latter mechanism plays a role, we surveyed 1,230 tumors of 60 different types. We found that tumors could be divided into types with low (<15%) and high (>= 15%) frequencies of TERT promoter mutations. The nine TERT-high tumor types almost always originated in tissues with relatively low rates of self renewal, including melanomas, liposarcomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, urothelial carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, medulloblastomas, and subtypes of gliomas (including 83% of primary glioblastoma, the most common brain tumor type). TERT and ATRX mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that these two genetic mechanisms confer equivalent selective growth advantages. In addition to their implications for understanding the relationship between telomeres and tumorigenesis, TERT mutations provide a biomarker that may be useful for the early detection of urinary tract and liver tumors and aid in the classification and prognostication of brain tumors.
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