1. |
|
|
2. |
|
|
3. |
|
|
4. |
|
|
5. |
- Albrectsen, Benedicte R., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Endophytic fungi in European aspen (Populus tremula) leaves - diversity, detection, and a suggested correlation with herbivory resistance
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 41:1, s. 17-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution (GMTC), clines of traits reflecting local co-adaptation (including resistance genes) should be common between a host and its parasite and should persist across time. To test the GMTC-assumption of persistent clinal patterns we compared the natural prevalence of two parasites on aspen Populus tremula trees: mining moths of the genus Phyllocnistis and leaf rust Melampsora spp. Damage data were collated from the Swedish National Forest Damage Inventory (2004–2006). In addition, occurrence of the parasites was scored in field conditions in two common gardens in the north and south of Sweden over five growing seasons (2004–2008), then related to biomass (stem height and diameter) and to concentrations of eleven leaf phenolics. Phyllocnistis mainly occurred in the northern garden, a distribution range which was confirmed by the countrywide inventory, although Phyllocnistis was more abundant on southern clones, providing evidence for possible local maladaptation. Melampsora occurred all over the country and in both gardens, but built up more quickly on northern clones, which suggests a centre of local clone maladaptation in the north. Stem growth also followed a clinal pattern as did the concentration of three phenolic compounds: benzoic acid, catechin and cinnamic acid. However, only benzoic acid was related to parasite presence: negatively to Phyllocnistis and positively to Melampsora and it could thus be a potential trait under selection. In conclusion, clines of Phyllocnistis were stronger and more persistent compared to Melampsora, which showed contrasting clines of varying strength. Our data thus support the assumption of the GMTC model that clines exist in the border between hot and cold spots and that they may be less persistent for parasites with an elevated gene flow, and/or for parasites which cover relatively larger hot spots surrounded by fewer cold spots.
|
|
6. |
|
|
7. |
|
|
8. |
- Braumann, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Femoral Metastasis from Penile Carcinoma: Report of 2 Cases
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Case reports in urology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-696X .- 2090-6978. ; 2015, s. 583851-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Penile cancer rarely gives symptomatic skeletal metastases.Methods. We present 2 patients with squamous carcinoma of the penis who were surgically treated for metastases in the femur.Results. Both patients had pathological fractures and were operated on. In one case, the skeletal metastasis preceded any lymphatic spread of the disease, suggesting early haematogenous dissemination.Conclusions. Endoprosthetic reconstruction resulted in pain relief and restored the ambulatory capacity. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility for symptomatic bone metastases with a risk for pathological fracture in patients with penile cancer.
|
|
9. |
|
|
10. |
|
|