| 1. |
- Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, et al.
(författare)
-
Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582, s. 84-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
|
|
| 2. |
- Falconer, Karolin, et al.
(författare)
-
IP-10 predicts the first phase decline of HCV RNA and overall viral response to therapy in patients co-infected with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and HIV.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 42:11-12, s. 896-901
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of baseline plasma interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients. Baseline IP-10 was monitored during HCV combination therapy in 21 HIV-HCV co-infected patients (HCV genotype 1 (n = 16), 2 (n = 2), and 3 (n = 3)). Lower baseline IP-10 was significantly associated with a rapid decline in HCV RNA, in particular with the first phase reduction, and similar cut-off levels (< 150 and > 600 pg/ml) as in HCV mono-infected patients apply. In conclusion, baseline IP-10 < 150 pg/ml is predictive of a favourable viral response to HCV therapy in HIV-HCV co-infected patients, and may thus be useful in encouraging such difficult-to-treat patients to initiate therapy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kjellin, Midori
(författare)
-
Study of Resistance in Hepatitis C Virus Prior to Treatment with Direct Acting Antivirals
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The rapid advancement of Hepatitis C (HCV) treatment presents a great challenge to clinicians in optimising therapy for their patients. Genotype (GT), efficacy, side-effects, drug combinations and treatment durations must be tailored to individual patients, considering comorbidities, degree of fibrosis, adherence and antiviral resistance.Resistance associated substitutions (RASs) may impair treatment response to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). Almost all patients who fail treatment acquire RASs that may persist for years. Even treatment-naïve patients can harbour naturally occurring RASs against currently approved DAAs, i.e. resistance at baseline. Prevalence of key NS3 and NS5A-RASs is relatively high (3-9%) at baseline for DAA-treatment-naïve GT1a and 3a patients with population sequencing at 20% cut-off in Sweden and Norway.The studies in this thesis comprise investigations on the prevalence and the effects of baseline RASs on treatment outcome in patients with HCV GT1 and GT3 receiving personalised treatment based on results from NS3 and NS5A resistance testing. We developed a pan-genotypic population sequencing method for detecting NS5A RASs (Paper I), which is certified and used in routine diagnostics at our laboratory together with our previously developed NS3 RAS sequencing method. We acquired data on RAS prevalence and treatment outcome from the early DAA management and carried out a non-randomised, prospective real-life study seeking to examine the impact on treatment outcome in patients receiving treatment tailored to baseline resistance testing.The studies were carried out between 2011 and 2017, one retrospective study comprising patients in the Uppsala region (Paper II) and two prospective studies with patients in a multicentre study involving sites in both in Sweden and Norway (Paper III and IV).RAS prevalence data from the prospective studies was obtained from a total of 401 patients and was shown to be slightly lower than reported from previous studies. Still, although not statistically significant due to the low prevalence of RASs in the cohort, we could show that there was a trend toward tailoring treatment to baseline RAS testing has a favourable impact on treatment outcome over treatment according to standard recommendations, especially in patients with cirrhosis. The economical and best practise objectives were important factors to consider when treatment costs were high and adverse effects were challenging at the initiation of the studies.In summary, this doctoral thesis presents results from real-life studies that indicate that tailoring treatment based on baseline RAS-testing have beneficial impact on patients that are treatment experienced and/or patients with cirrhosis.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Moseholm, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
-
Perception and Emotional Experiences of Infant Feeding Among Women Living With HIV in a High-Income Setting: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). - 1944-7884. ; 95:1, s. 52-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The recommendation of breastfeeding avoidance for women living with HIV in high-income settings may be influenced by cultural beliefs and come at an emotional cost. This multicenter, longitudinal, convergent mixed methods study aimed to compare differences in attitudes, concerns, and experiences surrounding breastfeeding in women living with HIV of Nordic and non-Nordic origin. SETTING: High-income setting. METHODS: Pregnant women living with HIV in the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, and Sweden were recruited in 2019-2020. Quantitative data on attitudes surrounding infant feeding were assessed using the Positive Attitudes Concerning Infant Feeding questionnaire completed in the third trimester (T1), and 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months postpartum. Women who completed the survey were also invited to participate in semistructured interviews at T1 and T3. The findings from the quantitative survey and qualitative interviews were brought together through merging to assess for concordance, complementarity, expansion, or discordance between the data sets and to draw metainferences. RESULTS: In total, 44 women completed the survey, of whom 31 also participated in qualitative interviews. The merged analyses identified three overarching domains representing commonalities across the quantitative and qualitative data: emotional impact, justifying not breastfeeding, and coping strategies. Not being able to breastfeed was emotionally challenging. Cultural expectations influenced the women's experiences and the strategies they used to justify their infant feeding choice. CONCLUSIONS: For women living with HIV in Nordic countries not breastfeeding was a complex, multilayered process substantially influenced by social and cultural expectations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Safreed-Harmon, Kelly, et al.
(författare)
-
The Consensus Hepatitis C Cascade of Care : standardized reporting to monitor progress toward elimination
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 69:12, s. 2218-2227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cascade-of-care (CoC) monitoring is an important component of the response to the global hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic. CoC metrics can be used to communicate in simple terms the extent to which national and subnational governments are advancing on key targets, and CoC findings can inform strategic decision-making regarding how to maximize the progression of HCV-infected individuals to diagnosis, treatment and cure. The value of reporting would be enhanced if reporting entities utilized a standardized approach for generating their CoCs. We have described the Consensus HCV CoC that we developed to address this need and have presented findings from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, where it was piloted. We encourage the uptake of the Consensus HCV CoC as a global instrument for facilitating clear and consistent reporting via the World Health Organization (WHO) viral hepatitis monitoring platform and ensuring the accurate monitoring of progress toward WHO's 2030 hepatitis C elimination targets.
|
|
