| 1. |
- Elliot, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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CEOs’ understanding of blockchain technology and its adoption in export-oriented companies in West Sweden: a survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing. - 2398-5364.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study current practices in adopting blockchain technology amongst export companies in West Sweden and to capture their CEOs’ knowledge of and attitudes towards blockchains. Design/methodology/approach – Factors enabling or hindering the adoption of blockchains were identified from a comprehensive literature review and a survey of 72 chief executive officers (CEOs) of exportoriented firms in West Sweden, all with turnovers exceeding e2m, regarding their knowledge of and attitudes towards blockchains. Findings – Blockchain technology is not currently perceived to provide benefits that would outweigh the costs of introducing it into West Sweden’s export firms. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that such technology, though currently too immature to meet today’s industrial requirements, could experience more widespread use if certain key factors (i.e. lower cost, traceability, improved security or trustworthiness and new blockchain-enabled business models) are prioritised. Research limitations/implications – Answered by 72 CEOs, the survey achieved a response rate of 6%, meaning that the findings are only exploratory. Even so, they offer new insights into CEOs’ attitudes towards blockchain technology. Practical implications – The CEOs reported comparatively limited knowledge of and experience with implementing blockchains, the lack of which has hampered their large-scale implementation in multi-actor supply chains. Social implications – Negative sentiment amongst CEOs towards blockchain technology may lower onthe-job satisfaction amongst tech personnel aspiring to develop and implement blockchain applications in their firms. Originality/value – Knowledge of and attitudes towards blockchain technology amongst top-level managers, as well as about factors enabling or hindering its adoption, guide managers in crafting strategies for implementing blockchains in their organisations and maximising the benefits therein. Unlike past studies focussing on technological aspects or views of experts and middle-management, the study was designed to capture the views of CEOs.
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| 2. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Shipping in the EU emissions trading system: implications for mitigation, costs and modal split
- 2024
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - Stockholm : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 1752-7457 .- 1469-3062. ; 24:7, s. 969-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU recently decided to include shipping, meaning all intra-European shipping and 50% of extra-European voyages, in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) beginning in 2024. This article provides an early assessment of the impacts of the EU ETS on the shipping sector’s potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for different types of ships. It further examines selected mitigation measures and the impact on modals split and costs. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative estimates (based on data from the EU monitoring, reporting and verification system) with qualitative data and information from interviews with key actors and from previous literature. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the EU ETS. The inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS is expected to introduce significant incentives to reduce emissions. We estimate that switching to bio-methanol at an emissions allowance price of €90–100/tCO2 will be cost-effective for a minor share of shipping segments (representing about 0.5-5% of all ships), whereas at a price above €150/tCO2 it could be cost-effective for a considerable share (potentially 75%) of ships. In the short term, the costs incurred by the EU ETS will be passed on to transport customers as a surcharge. The increased cost may, unless properly addressed, drive carbon leakage. Meanwhile, a modal shift away from shipping may occur in the roll-on, roll-off (RoRo) and roll-on passenger (RoPax) segments due to direct competition with road and rail transport and the relative ease of shifting to other modes of transport.
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| 3. |
- Garme, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Vattenvägen - den intermodala pusselbiten : - en förstudie om vattenvägen som transportresurs och hur vi kan bedöma om den bidrar till ett bättre transportsystem
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förstudien illusterar hur de svenska inre vattenvägarna kan användas för lokala och regionala godstransporter. Värden identifieras som potentiellt kan realiseras till nyttor på systemnivå. Det är ökad framkomlighet och bättre markanvändning i urbana miljöer, minskad belastning på väg och järnvägsnät, redundanta transportvägar (lägre sårbarhet), systemflexibilitet genom snabba förändringar, energieffektivitet och lågt buller. Vi ser att det finns potentiella nyttor på systemnivå och svagheter kring fartyget och dess gränsytor till väg- och järnväg som kan handla om omlastning och tillgänglighet till kajer och hamnar. Det senare är en fråga för stads- och regionplanerare som förefaller ovana att se kajer och strandlinjen som en potentiell på- och avfart till vattenvägen. Ett övergripande mål för projektet, Vattenvägen -den intermodala pusselbiten till resurseffektiva regional- och tätortstransporter är att visa hur, på vilket sätt och i vilken omfattning, vattenvägen kan användas för att energi- och resurseffektivisera region- och tätortstransportsystem och därmed bidra till de transportpolitiska målen. Förstudien har påbörjat arbetet och identifierar en rad avgränsade steg som kan genomföras som delprojekt och samtidigt leda mot de övergripande projektmålen.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of including maritime transport in the EU ETS
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Green Deal from the European Commission in 2019 set a high aim: that EU will become climate neutral by 2050. As a part of this, the European Commission proposed that the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), is extended to include the maritime sector. This report assesses different design features of shipping in ETS, analyse the impact on the shipping industry and the environment. The report investigates what impacts the inclusion of shipping may have on incentives for abatement, what types of emission reductions may follow, if the policy will lead to modal shifts or carbon leakage (meaning that vessels avoid EU ports in order to evade the policy) and what attitudes and expectations can be found among Swedish shipping lines and transport customers.
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| 5. |
- Holmgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling modal choice effects of regulation on low-sulphur marine fuels in Northern Europe
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 28, s. 62-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of MARPOL Annex VI in the North and Baltic Sea Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) has raised economic concerns among shippers and shipowners, as well as spurred policymakers to appeal to various interests, such as citizen health, export industry competitiveness, and consumer prices. To justify their cases, policymakers and stakeholders have commissioned various agencies to monitor the implementation’s effects upon sustainability, especially regarding a potential modal shift from sea to road transport. This article thus reviews some of these commissioned studies in order to analyse the effects of the implementation and the possibility of modal shift. It also provides an agent-based simulation study of route choice for comparatively high-value cargo from Lithuania in the east to the United Kingdom in the west. Ultimately, the results of our TAPAS study do not provide concrete evidence supporting a modal shift from sea to road transport and indeed, they indicate that a shift is unlikely to occur.
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| 6. |
- Parsmo, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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BRAVE ECO – Benchmark for Reduction of Anchoring Vessels’ Emissions – Enabling Change of Operation
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This feasibility study aims to evaluate the possibilities to reduce air emissions from ships anchored in port areas and, then especially the Port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, the study uses two main approaches. Firstly, it analyses the reasons and legal/business aspects for anchoring. Secondly, this study develops a reproducible calculation model for anchored vessels' CO2 emissions. Regulation of anchoring sites are not entirely clear since international regulation partly applies, also it is not clear who is responsible for the anchoring sites. This implies that the port´s scope of action is limited mainly to the ships that are calling the port. However, also emission from other ships at in the port area has been evaluated in this study to get a broader perspective. This pre-study provides both qualitative and quantitative findings and it is produced using mixed methods, including workshops with relevant port stakeholders. It also involves different scientific disciplines and several authors from the Port of Gothenburg Authority, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Maritime Studies at Chalmers University of Technology and the School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg. Furthermore, in connection to this study, one bachelor's thesis and two master's theses have been carried out. The results show that it is mainly tanker ships that are anchoring in Gothenburg and that their main reasons for anchoring are related to awaiting Laycan or waiting for an available berth. The companies involved in the study generally combine time charter and voyage charter contracts to access vessel capacity. The inputs from the workshops, the interviews conducted with stakeholders and the international literature are “rather” consistent: combining just in time arrival with slow steaming has a great potential for making a business case and to reduce fuel consumption and thereby emissions. However, there are many barriers which needs to be addressed, such as: lack of trust, improving information sharing (actors now communicate via phone or email), loss of income (due to demurrage), attitudes in the industry, the “first come, first serve” concept, risk of missing estimated time of arrival and port infrastructure. Even if there are many barriers, several actors in the port already have experience of combining just in time arrival and slow steaming. In this study, we develop a reproducible emission calculation model that calculates CO2eq emissions. The emissions are partly calculated by using the ships’ positions (AIS-data) from 2019, to extract the time spent at anchor. The emission model calculates the anchored vessels' total CO2eq emissions, but the model also calculates the theoretical potential for avoiding emission by using the time at anchor to slow steam. The results show that all tanker ships that anchored outside the port in 2019, could theoretically have reduced their emissions with about 30 ktonnes CO2eq, if they would have been notified of delays 24 hours before arrival and then reduced their speed to 10 knots. The results also show that using time to slow steam have a much greater potential to reduce emissions than if the ships would only reduce the time at anchor (by using fewer ships to perform the same transport work). This is especially true for the initial speed reductions (10-14 knots). This study also evaluates the emission calculation methods and assesses the uncertainties, by comparing different sources and underlying assumptions with real world data. The study argues that it is problematic to just use default values proposed in the global emission inventory issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Using default values for estimating emission makes it harder to estimate the real effect of a new policy, regulation, or incentive in the port. However, a better emission inventory requires that on-board visits are made or that data is obtained digitally. The largest calculation uncertainties now are for boiler fuel consumption and bunker ships fuel consumption at the anchorage areas.
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| 7. |
- Svanberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the changed supply chain rules during the acute phase of disruptions
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Operations Management Association (EurOMA) Conference, Barcelona, 29 Juni-3 Juli.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Supply chain mega-disruptions and the following decisions taken by actors in the supply chains and other stakeholders, e.g., governments, cause rapidly changing ambiguous and uncertain conditions. This paper explores the concept of supply chain rules during mega-disruptions and analyzes the role of different actors and how they respond. The focus is on transport services involving shipping. The physical goods flow is affected in terms of capacity, performance, governmental exemptions and support, and stakeholder pressure. Companies need to understand and interpret but can also impact supply chain rules and trade associations serve as the unifying voice towards governments, establishing macro-resilience.
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| 8. |
- Svanberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Remember the pandemic? Analyzing long-term implications for actors in international supply chains
- 2024
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Ingår i: 36th Annual Conference for Nordic Researchers in Logistics (NOFOMA), Stockholm, 13-14 Juni.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic implied a disruption of a magnitude not experienced by generations of supply chain managers. Short-term effects on international supply chains have been extensively covered, but the long-term implications remain poorly understood, especially regarding how lessons learned can help companies become more resilient to subsequent disruptions. Consequently, the purpose of the paper is to analyse the pandemic’s potential long-term implication for actors in supply chains. 26 interviews were performed with senior managers of shippers, shipping companies, ports, logistics service providers and industry associations active in Sweden. The paper uses a framework based on retention bins, in which supply chain memory is stored, as well as a classification of implications on four supply chain levels. Five themes for long-term implications are retained in a supply chain memory; 1) internal status of logistics, 2) storage strategies, 3) communication and information sharing, 4) preparedness for coming disruptions through organizational changes and risk assessment, and, 5) risk awareness and changed mindset. Different reasons for long-lasting implications as well as reasons for the absence of other long-term implications have been identified. The empirical study is limited to respondents in organizations located in Sweden. The identified practical implications serve as a checklist for resilience-building for companies to learn from Covid-19. Research on long-term implications is sparse but important – especially given the increasing geopolitical tensions which may cause further major supply chain disruptions.
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| 9. |
- Woxenius, Johan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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A combined approach to technology
- 1996
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Ingår i: European intermodal yearbook : directory of intermodal transport, equipment and services. - 1362-5438. ; , s. 18-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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