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1.
  • Atat, Rachad, et al. (författare)
  • Peer-to-peer content sharing techniques for energy efficiency in wireless networks with fast channel variations
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Green Networking and Communications: ICT for Sustainability. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 3-28
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • According to the International Telecommunication Union, information and communication technology (ICT) was emitting 0.83 GtCO2e (gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent), contributing to around 2%-2.5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2007 [1]. With the continuous growth of ICT, especially in developing countries, the GHG emissions are expected to grow at double the rate over the next 10 years [1]. The Global e-Sustainability Initiative research is estimating a 72% increase in ICT energy usage from 2007 to 2020 with around 1.43 GtCO2e emissions in 2020 [1]. In addition, the telecommunications industry is witnessing an explosive increase in data traffic especially with the introduction of wireless modems and smart phones and with the presence of more than one billion wireless subscribers today. The data traffic volume is increasing by a factor of 10 every 5 years, leading to an increase of 16%-20% in energy consumption every 5 years [2]. For instance, in India, the mobile telecom industry is considered the fastest-growing sector with 584.3 million subscribers in 2010-2011 with an annual growth rate of 49.15%. It is estimated that the energy consumption of the Indian Mobile Telecom Industry was 163 PJ (petajoules) with 52.66 million tons emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2010-2011 [3]. A user who travels a distance of 25 km using public transport such as car or train can result in 1.22 kg of CO2 emissions, compared to 0.11 kg of CO2 emissions for 1 hour of video conferencing with two laptops [4]. A talk of 2 minutes per day on the phone can produce 47 kg CO2e (equivalent) per year, with a total of 125 million tons of CO2e produced by mobile phones in 1 year [5]. 
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3.
  • Sayed, F., et al. (författare)
  • Surface Effects in Ultrathin Iron Oxide Hollow Nanoparticles : Exploring Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:13, s. 7516-7524
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A detailed study of the structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline hollow gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles of similar to 9.4 nm size was performed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the crystalline structure and the presence of a ultrathin shell thickness of similar to 1.4 nm, implying a very high surface/volume ratio. These hollow nanoparticles were investigated using zero-field and in-field Fe-57 Mossbauer spectrometry. The zero-field hyperfine structure suggests some topological disorder, whereas the infield one shows the presence of a comp magnetic structure that can be fairly described as two opposite pseudosperomagnetic sublattices attributed to octahedral and tetrahedral iron sites. Such an unusual feature is consistent with the presence of noncollinear spin structure originated from the increased surface due to the hollow morphology. Such a complex local spin structure evidenced from Mossbauer experiments was correlated with exchange bias coupling showing at low temperature by magnetization measurements. Monte Carlo simulations on a ferrimagnetic hollow nanoparticle unambiguously corroborate the critical role of the surface anisotropy on the noncollinearity of spin structure in our samples.
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