| 1. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(author)
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Soil water and temperature patterns in an arid desert dune sand
- 1996
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In: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694. ; 185:1-4, s. 221-240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under arid natural conditions, soil water content governs and limits the number and size of perennial plant species. Thus, plant-available soil water is the main constraint for sustainable control of desert encroachment. To evaluate possibilities for re-vegetation of bare sand surfaces, soil water and temperature patterns for typical sand dunes in a desert climate were investigated. Bare and vegetated soil transects were selected for observation of soil water content and temperature. The investigated soil transects covered crest-to-crest spacings (about 60 m horizontally and 15 m vertically) in a shifting sand dune area. Observations were made at Shapotou field research station bordering the Tengger Desert in Northwestern China. The paper presents two-dimensional properties of soil water content (0.1-3.0 m depth) and temperature (0-1.0 m depth) before and after rainfall. Rainfall (15-22 mm) affected soil water distribution down to 1.5-2.0 m and temperature distribution down to 1.0 m. Soil water appeared to be transported through the apparently highly pervious and homogeneous sand along the dune slopes. High water contents and, thus, infiltration occurred mainly at the non-sloping parts, i.e. the dune crests and bottoms. Rainfall changed the temperature patterns from a mainly horizontally layered appearance before the rainfall to increasingly vertically shaped patterns.
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| 2. |
- Gharizadeh, Baback, et al.
(author)
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Methodological improvements of pyrosequencing technology
- 2006
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In: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 124:3, s. 504-511
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pyrosequencing technology is a rather novel DNA sequencing method based on the sequencing-by-synthesis principle. This bioluminometric, real-time DNA sequencing technique employs a cascade of four enzymatic reactions producing sequence peak signals. The method has been proven highly suitable for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and sequencing of short stretches of DNA. Although the pyrosequencing procedure is relatively straightforward, users may face challenges due to varying parameters in PCR and sequencing primer design, sample preparation and nucleotide dispensation; such challenges are labor and cost intensive. In this study, these issues have been addressed to increase signal quality and assure sequence accuracy.
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| 3. |
- Kaneko, Tomoyuki, et al.
(author)
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On-chip in vitro cell-network pre-clinical cardiac toxicity using spatiotemporal human cardiomyocyte measurement on a chip
- 2014
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group: Open Access Journals - Option B / Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 4:04670
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To overcome the limitations and misjudgments of conventional prediction of arrhythmic cardiotoxicity, we have developed an on-chip in vitro predictive cardiotoxicity assay using cardiomyocytes derived from human stem cells employing a constructive spatiotemporal two step measurement of fluctuation (short-term variability; STV) of cells repolarization and cell-to-cell conduction time, representing two origins of lethal arrhythmia. Temporal STV of field potential duration (FPD) showed a potential to predict the risks of lethal arrhythmia originated from repolarization dispersion for false negative compounds, which was not correctly predicted by conventional measurements using animal cells, even for non-QT prolonging clinical positive compounds. Spatial STV of conduction time delay also unveiled the proarrhythmic risk of asynchronous propagation in cell networks, whose risk cannot be correctly predicted by single-cell-based measurements, indicating the importance of the spatiotemporal fluctuation viewpoint of in vitro cell networks for precise prediction of lethal arrhythmia reaching clinical assessment such as thorough QT assay.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Yasuda, Hiroshi, et al.
(author)
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Lateral bromide distribution in a vertic clay soil
- 1998
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In: Soil Science. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0038-075X. ; 163:7, s. 544-555
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to control the transport of toxic elements, dissolved salts, and nutrients in agricultural areas, information on the spatial variability of field-scale transport properties is needed. To evaluate this for an unsaturated layered clayey soil, tracer tests were conducted at the Cherfech experimental field research station in Tunisia. Bromide-tagged water was infiltrated under ponding conditions on a 21.7-m2 horizontal field plot equipped with 60 solute samplers, 15 neutron probe access tubes, and 15 piezometers. Volumetric soil water content was measured by means of a neutron probe at five depths, and soil moisture samples were withdrawn through ceramic soil water samplers at four depths, each with 15 suction samplers. The results showed typical evidence of preferential flow, with a wide variety of travel times with depth. This was noted especially for deeper soil layers, which displayed a large horizontal variation. In two tracer experiments, the groundwater tracer concentration increased up to twice the concentration of the water in the unsaturated zone withdrawn from different depths. This shows that bypass directly to the groundwater, initially at 1.5 m depth, occurred under ponding with chemigation.
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