| 1. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling organizational learning from rescue operations
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Services. - 2047-0894 .- 2047-0908. ; 3:2, s. 101-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the re-development process of the Swedish Rescue Services Incident Reporting System from an organizational learning perspective with the purpose to suggest what is needed to enable long-term learning from rescue operations.Design/methodology/approach – The study is carried out as a case study relying on interviews, participant observation and workshop methods. The study case is the Swedish Incident Reporting System.Findings – The objectives expressed by the central agency leading the studied process aimed at implementing double-loop learning objectives by revising the incident reports and to improve future operations accordingly. In practice this objective was lost along the way, with the agency focussing on cosmetic changes to the report such as terminology, attributes and labels. Meanwhile the local rescue services expressed different and concrete needs, requiring new system functionality, case/experience based learning, process improvements and organizational development. A number of suggestions of such measures are provided by the study, to be used by rescue services and other response organizations.Originality/value – The case stands out because the re-development process is driven by one stakeholder, with the ambition to include multiple stakeholders’ needs. The study should be of specific interest to fire rescue services world-wide. However, considering that many tasks, learning and evaluation aspects of rescue operations are similar regardless of type of first responder involved (e.g. in firefighting, traffic accidents, and cardiac arrests), the results are also of interest to emergency management in general.
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| 2. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Effektivt sambruk av kommunala resurser för ökad säkerhet och trygghet
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Användandet av så kallade semiprofessionella resurser i räddningsinsatser har blivit allt vanligare i Sverige. En semiprofessionell är en person som fått utökade arbetsuppgifter inom respons och räddning inom ramen för sitt ordinarie yrke. Det kanske mest kända exemplet är väktare som responderar på den kommunala räddningstjänstens ärenden.I det projekt som avrapporteras här, är syftet att undersöka vilka yrkesgrupper som skulle passa bra som semiprofessionella, och vad som krävs för att de effektivt ska kunna utföra de nya arbetsuppgifterna, bland annat i form av utbildning och utrustning. Vidare syftar projektet till att utvärdera vilken samhällsnytta semiprofessionella kan bidra med. Som studieobjekt används Norrköpings kommun, och via en aktionsforskningsinspirerad metodansats är målet att projektresultaten ska kunna bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i kommunen.En kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används för att uppnå syftet. Genom workshops identifieras först fyra potentiella yrkesgrupper (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal, hemtjänstpersonal, förvaltningsentreprenörer och väktare), för vilka detaljerad data erhålls via fokusgruppsintervjuer. En grupp (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal) väljs ut för vidare analys, och ytterligare en workshop genomförs, plus ett experiment i form av en simulerad olycka där semiprofessionella får göra en första insats. En prototyp av ett utlarmningssystem tas fram, inklusive en smartphoneapplikation som de semiprofessionella kan använda för att ta emot och hantera larm. Med hjälp av applikationen utförs ett experiment där historiska larm skickas till potentiella semiprofessionella under två månaders tid, och de får svara på om de kan åka eller inte, samtidigt som deras position noteras. Genom att jämföra deltagarnas uppskattade insatstider med räddningstjänstens historiska, kan möjliga insatstidsförkortningar beräknas. Detta kompletteras med en bedömning av vad de kan bidra med i respektive händelse.Bedömningen görs enligt en strukturerad metod av professionell personal från två olika räddningstjänstorganisationer. De beräknade insatstiderna och den skattade förmågan vägs samman till en monetär nytta av den semiprofessionella insatsen.Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort antal yrkesgrupper som skulle kunna vara lämpliga att nyttja som semiprofessionella. I rapporten redovisas en lista med 23 grupper som anses ha potential och möjlighet att utföra räddningsinsatser som en del av sitt yrke. Vidare redovisas ett antal utmaningar och möjligheter, baserat på analysen av de fyra utvalda grupperna. En konkret sammanställning har gjorts i form av listor på utbildning och utrustning som krävs för att de effektivt kunna utföra sitt nya uppdrag. Dessa krav är förhållandevis enkla att uppfylla, och handlar om grundläggande utbildning i riskbedömning, brandsläckning och livräddande åtgärder, samt utrustning som tex handbrandsläckare och förbandslåda. Mer utmanande är de organisatoriska förändringar som är nödvändiga för att de semiprofessionella akut ska kunna lämna sina pågående arbetsuppgifter, samt hur utlarmningen ska kunna integreras i de tekniska system som används för professionella räddningsresurser. Vidare visar resultaten att semiprofessionella kan larmas, och förväntas göra nytta på en stor mängd olika typer av händelser, dock främst vid händelser med personskador eller akuta sjukdomsförlopp. Den monetära nyttan av att införa ett fåtal (i snitt 3,4 st) semiprofessionella i Norrköping och Linköpings kommuner beräknades till mellan 600 000 och 2 400 000 kr per år, beroende på hur lång tid det tar för de semiprofessionella ifrån att de får larm tills de påbörjar färden mot händelseplatsen.En slutsats från projektet är att semiprofessionella skulle bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i Norrköping kommun, om de används som förstainsatsresurser, som ett komplement till befintlig professionell räddningspersonal.
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| 3. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Using Semi-professionals in Emergency Response
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9788460879848 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The term semi-professional can be used to denote occupational groups that do not have emergency response as their primary profession but who get additional responsibilities within rescue and response, e.g. by performing a first response or assisting the professional emergency services. In this study, four different groups of possible semi-professional resources are analyzed and compared. Similarities and differences between the four groups are discussed. Factors, important for the successful implementation of a cross-sector collaboration of this kind, are highlighted. The preliminary results show that all four groups have the potential to act as semi-professional resources within emergency response. Interestingly, the basic requirements are the same for all groups, despite different prerequisites.
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| 4. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Migration of Legacy Systems– the Swedish Rescue Services Incident Reporting System
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Rescue Services are migrating from an incident report system to a fully-fledged incident learning system. The migration process has been studied under the lenses of organizational learning theories, to identify challenges that can offer advice for future system migration projects. The objectives expressed by the central agency leading the studied migration process aimed at implementing organizational double-loop learning by using the incident reports as enablers to learn from the rescue operation and improve future operations accordingly. In practice this objective has been lost along the way, with the agency focusing more on cosmetic changes, such as terminology, attributes and labels. Meanwhile end-users expressed different and concrete needs, requiring new functionality, process improvements and organizational development. The study highlights the importance of early, active user involvement in the migration process for dual use legacy systems, to avoid losing explicitly articulated high-level objectives, such as improved performance and dual use of the system.
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| 5. |
- Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging communities of collaboration : co-location in emergency response systems in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: ISCRAM2014 Academic Papers 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9780692211946 ; , s. 546-555
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-location as a form of network governance is a way of organizing response teams when responding to an emergency situation. At the ‘Safety house’ in the province of Jämtland in Sweden main emergency response actors and supporting actors work together in a shared physical place in order to facilitate the process of cooperation and joint decision making. In order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, obstacles, needs and information system role, we explored this case by looking at how the involved actors experience this new working context. We applied an analytical framework developed specifically for new forms of emergency response. It was found that co-location of actors increases the efficiency in using professional response resources and shortens the emergency response time. Information systems can have a significant role in improving the collaboration between actors at the ‘Safety house’. However secrecy issues, the problem of control and politics and the evaluation of the performance of actors are major challenges which face further development of the co-location concept.
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| 6. |
- Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan, 1980-
(författare)
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Information Systems Development for Emerging Public Sector Cross-sector Collaborations : The Case of Swedish Emergency Response
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information systems (IS) seem prevalent in modern societies and have resulted in the rapid digitalisation of different societal sectors. One application domain of IS is emergency response, which is responsible for delivering essential services to save lives and minimise environmental damage in both small , frequent and large-scale emergencies. Specific IS applications are in turn used in emergency response to support such aspects as decision-making, communication, information sharing and the dispatching of resources. Public-sector cut-backs and a lack of professional resources have affected emergency response at the same time as natural disasters (e.g. forest fires, tsunamis, storms, terror attacks, and wars in the Middle East leading to mass migration) have intensified in recent decades. At the same time, frequent, small-scale accidents continue to occur on a regular basis, both in urban and sparsely populated areas. As a result, emergency response actors, first responders, are often placed under severe pressure. An emerging trend in response to these challenges, both in Sweden and internationally, is to create cross-sector forms of collaboration, by combining alternative resources from various sectors. Such collaborations are relatively new and involve heterogeneous stakeholders.Therefore, the thesis objective is to explore IS-related opportunities, challenges and needs aimed at supporting heterogeneous actors in emerging cross-sector collaborations in emergency response in order to enable and facilitate future related IS development. To achieve this, a user-centred approach was applied. A baseline study was performed followed by three case studies on ‘co-location of actors’, ‘co-operative use of resources’ and ‘semi-professionals as first responders’ by performing interviews, focus groups, participant observation, Future Workshops, an exercise and an after-action review. The thesis is based on case study research and qualitative research methods. Sociotechnical systems theory, the sociotechnical ensemble view, and network governance were used as the analytical framework. As part of achieving the thesis objectives, experiences from applying user participation in the context of cross-sector collaboration are also presented as part of the results. A context-specific framework developed to systematise and explore various important aspects of cross-sector collaboration in emergency response is also described.The results of this thesis indicate that the needs for IS in cross-sector collaborations vary from simple smartphone applications to manage alarms, positioning and the dispatching of new resources, to more sophisticated tools for sharing and viewing incident data. The results also indicate that these collaborations have the potential (e.g. resource redundancy, pooled competencies to increase total capacity) to improve Swedish emergency response if supported by adequate IS/IT support. The major challenges are organisational, economic and juridical and the most prominent are ambiguities in actors’ tasks and responsibilities, and how to prioritise between ordinary work and ‘new’ first-response tasks. They must be addressed to enable certain IS-functions, e.g. information sharing and positioning of resources The results also highlight several institutional factors (e.g. mutual interest between members, collective problem-solving, secrecy aspects) which are believed to play a key role in the success or failure of the collaborations and which must be adressed in the development of IS-support. The actors also have substantial basic needs for training (e.g. fire extinguishing, first aid) and emergency supplies (e.g. fire extinguishers, healthcare kits).Applying user participation also faced challenges, the major one being the development of a future cross-sector collaboration in a context that does not yet exist, and involving stakeholders from resource-strained organisations in doing so. The stakeholders, and sometimes also the primary end-users, are partly unknown and tasks are undefined. As a response to these challenges, a combination of activities based on multiple design groups, scenario-based Future Workshops, focus groups, the context-specific framework, a practical exercise and an after-action-review was provided. The framework, which was used to support data collection and user participation, includes 15 dimensions each intended to represent important aspects of cross-sector collaboration.The thesis major contributions are the identified opportunities, challenges and need as a ’sociotechnical ensemble’ and generated and from several studies, thus being comparable. The thesis more theoretical contributions is the combined application of the sociotechnical ensemble view and network governance where the studied collaboration forms are characterised as a hybrid form of networks and more traditional government mechanisms and where it is pointed out that network governance lacks explicit IS/IT aspects. In a wider perspective, the research fields of IS and political science may cross-fertilise each other when studying emerging cross-sector collaboration in the public sector. Identified user participation challenges relevant to the cross-sector collaboration context, suggestions on how they can be handled and the context-specific framework are contributions that can be used in practical user-centred IS development in similar contexts.
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| 7. |
- Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Sambruk : En studie om samverkan och sambruk i Nyköpings kommun.
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Behovet av att känna sig trygg och kunna få hjälp snabbt, när olyckan är framme, är en pågående samhällsfråga som berör de medborgare som behöver hjälp, och de organisationer som ger det(responssystem). En utmaning i dagens samhälle är att fortsätta förbättra responssystemet genom att minska responsinsatstiden och öka responsinsatskvalitet med knappa resurser och stigande offentliga förväntningar. ). Samtidigt är resurserna i responssystemet begränsade och lokaliserade till några få platser i samhället. Långa avstånd (som till exempel på landsbygden och i glesbygdområden) i kombination med nedskärningar (som t.ex. begränsade resurser) har tvingat vårt samhälle att utveckla nya sätt att organisera responssystemet för att behålla effektiviteten. Man tror att genom att engagera kompletterande resurser i samhället för att skapa nya samverkansformer, kan snabbare och mer effektiv larmrespons ske och därmed kan fler liv räddas och skadorna på miljön minskas.Att dela utrustning, larmcenter och brandstation har testats nyligen i syfte att skapa ett robust samarbete och kortare utryckningstider. I Nyköpings kommun i Sverige arbetar räddningstjänsten, divisionen för social omsorg och den tekniska divisionen med denna nya struktur. Vid Sambruk delar olika organisationer utrustning och larmcentral samt nyttjar varandras resurser i vissa situationer för att kunna svara på larm och larma ut resurser snabbare.Det verkar som om Sambruk i Nyköping i viss mån har lyckats förbättra responssystemet genom att förkorta responstider och även använda resurserna på ett effektivare sätt. Detta enligt uppgifter från intervju och ‘Future workshop’ med aktörer i Nyköping. Man tror dock att det fortfarande är möjligt att använda existerande resurser än effektivare genom bättre larmkategorisering och även tilldela uppgifter till exempelvis deltidsbrandmän.Att dela utrustning, bilar och larmcentral har visat på vissa fördelar för alla involverade aktörer. Att dela bilar eller byggnader har inte orsakat något problem, utan har istället upplevts ge ökad effektivitet i respons på larm eftersom aktörer har nära kommunikation och tillgång till varandra.Det största problemet som nästan alla intervjurespondenterna nämnde och som diskuterades i workshopen rörde otydlighet i uppgifter och arbetsprocesser. Det verkar som om det ännu inte är klart för samtliga involverade aktörer vad målen för Sambruk är och hur deras arbete kan förändras och varför. Det verkar också som om det saknas utbildning eller specifika metoder för att stödja sådan kunskapsutveckling. Lagmässiga problem såsom sekretess har orsakat en del problem i att dela information. Att fokusera på huvuduppgift samtidigt som man åläggs andra resurser är ett annat problem, eftersom aktörerna kan vara ifrågasättande till att avvika alltför mycket från sitt ordinarie arbete.
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| 8. |
- Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-professionals : emergency response as an additional task in current occupations
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Services. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2047-0894 .- 2047-0908. ; 8:2, s. 86-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to identify occupational groups who can act as semi-professional first responders, in order to shorten the response times to frequent emergencies, and second, to identify related opportunities, challenges and needs of training, emergency supplies and information technology (IT) support. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach was taken, combining future workshops, focus groups and an exercise. Network governance was used as an analytical lens. Findings The identified potential groups are security guards, home care personnel, fire services day personnel and facility service personnel. The results show that semi-professionals have a large potential to complement professional resources by carrying out first response or supportive actions vital to the emergency, partly by using already existing cars and equipment. The identified needs include additional basic equipment such as fire extinguishers and first-aid kits, training in basic firefighting, first aid and risk assessment, as well as mobile phone application-based IT support to manage alarms. The major challenges are organisational, economic and juridical, including ambiguities in responsibilities and related insurances. The analysis recognises the new collaboration as a hybrid form of hierarchical government and network governance. Social implications The study suggests that using semi-professional resources can be one of many innovative solutions to recent public sector challenges that have put a huge strain on professional emergency response organisations. Originality/value The study provides a novel view of using semi-professional resources in emergency response, based on the joint perspectives of various occupational groups, and the fire services.
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| 9. |
- Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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User Participation in Information Systems Development for Emerging Public Sector Initiatives
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is a-posteriori analysis of information systems (IS) development in a cross-sector collaboration case to identify and address user participation challenges in emerging public sector initiatives. The major challenges in the studied case was to develop IS for future cross-sector collaboration in a setting that does not yet exist, i.e. where the tasks, stakeholders and end-users are undefined. To address identified challenges, we suggest a combination of activities based on multiple design groups, scenario-based Future Workshops, focus groups, context-specific frameworks, and practical exercises with after-action-review. We argue that while similar challenges have been discussed in relation to large-scale projects and, sometimes, cross-sector collaboration, IS development for emerging public sector initiatives pose specific issues that need to be addressed.
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