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- Rincel, Marion, et al.
(author)
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Maternal high-fat diet and early-life stress differentially modulate spine density and dendritic morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex of juvenile and adult rats.
- 2018
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In: Brain Structure and Function. - : Springer. - 1863-2653 .- 1863-2661. ; 223:2, s. 883-895
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key area for the regulation of numerous brain functions including stress response and cognitive processes. This brain area is also particularly affected by adversity during early life. Using an animal model in rats, we recently demonstrated that maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) prevents maternal separation (MS)-induced gene expression alterations in the developing PFC and attenuates several long-term deleterious behavioral effects of MS. In the present study, we ask whether maternal HFD could protect mPFC neurons of pups exposed to early life stress by examining dendritic morphology and spine density in juvenile [postnatal day (PND) 21] and adult rats submitted to MS. Dams were fed either a control or an HFD throughout gestation and lactation, and pups were submitted to MS from PND2 to PND14. We report that maternal HFD prevents MS-induced spine loss at PND21 and dendritic atrophy at adulthood. Furthermore, we show in adult MS rats that PFC-dependent memory extinction deficits are prevented by maternal HFD. Finally, perinatal HFD exposure reverses gut leakiness following stress in pups and seems to exert an anti-stress effect in dams. Overall, our work demonstrates that maternal HFD affects the developing brain and suggests that nutrition, possibly through gut–brain interactions, could modulate mPFC sensitivity to early stress.
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| 2. |
- Perrin-Guyomard, Agnès, et al.
(author)
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Multicentre evaluation of a selective isolation protocol for detection of mcr-positive E. coli and Salmonella spp. in food-producing animals and meat
- 2022
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In: Letters in Applied Microbiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0266-8254 .- 1472-765X. ; 75:2, s. 224-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a screening protocol to detect and isolate mcr-positive Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from animal caecal content and meat samples. We used a multicentre approach involving 12 laboratories from nine European countries. All participants applied the same methodology combining a multiplex PCR performed on DNA extracted from a pre-enrichment step, followed by a selective culture step on three commercially available chromogenic agar plates. The test panel was composed of two negative samples and four samples artificially contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella spp. respectively harbouring mcr-1 or mcr-3 and mcr-4 or mcr-5 genes. PCR screening resulted in a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 83%. Sensitivity of each agar medium to detect mcr-positive colistin-resistant E. coli or Salmonella spp. strains was 86% for CHROMID® Colistin R, 75% for CHROMagarTM COL-APSE and 70% for COLISTIGRAM. This combined method was effective to detect and isolate most of the E. coli or Salmonella spp. strains harbouring different mcr genes from food-producing animals and food products and might thus be used as a harmonized protocol for the screening of mcr genes in food-producing animals and food products in Europe.
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