| 1. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Space architecture, a tool to remove roadblocks on the space exploration highway
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. ; 0
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Space agencies around the world have been planning manned space missions to Moon, Mars, and asteroids for decades. There have been ups and downs on that road but real dreamers of space exploration never gave up the idea and once in a while return to the plans of humans becoming multi-planetary species. One of the major roadblocks for making such plans a reality is the fact that long-term surface missions cannot be realized without convincing the public and governments in their feasibility. Avenues for private and public to space exploration so that they can see themselves being equal partners of space endeavors need to be created. How design research and design itself can help to accomplish this task? Or generally speaking, can design help? This paper investigates those questions through reviews and illustrations drawn from exploratory design projects conducted by master students in the USA, Europe and Russia. The overview includes objectives and design strategies, design stages and transitions between mission's objectives while still targeting the main goal of the mission. The overview leads and summarizes in the discussion about current limitations in bringing space exploration closer to public and private interests. The paper argues potentials of using of space architecture tools to achieve this goal. Copyright © 2016 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Dinkel, Holly, et al.
(author)
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Multi-Agent 3D Map Reconstruction and Change Detection in Microgravity with Free-Flying Robots
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. ; 2023-October
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Assistive free-flyer robots autonomously caring for future crewed outposts-such as NASA's Astrobee robots on the International Space Station (ISS)-must be able to detect day-to-day interior changes to track inventory, detect and diagnose faults, and monitor the outpost status. This work presents a framework for multi-agent cooperative mapping and change detection to enable robotic maintenance of space outposts. One agent is used to reconstruct a 3D model of the environment from sequences of images and corresponding depth information. Another agent is used to periodically scan the environment for inconsistencies against the 3D model. Change detection is validated after completing the surveys using real image and pose data collected by Astrobee robots in a ground testing environment and from microgravity aboard the ISS. This work outlines the objectives, requirements, and algorithmic modules for the multi-agent reconstruction system, including recommendations for its use by assistive free-flyers aboard future microgravity outposts
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| 3. |
- Dunér, David
(author)
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Human conceptions of the rise and fall of civilizations
- 2015
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In: 66th International Astronautical Congress 2015: Space - The Gateway for Mankind's Future. - 0074-1795. - 9781510818934 ; 3, s. 1644-1647
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SETI, our hopes or fears of a future contact with ETI, is a modern expression of an unending human obsession with the rise and fall of civilizations. People across the globe from our earliest sources to our contemporary culture have tried to understand the beginning and end of history, the creation and the doom. Factor L of the Drake Equation could in other words be understood in a longer historical context of human conceptions about history, time, and civilization. In order to formulate L in its modern version, a number of philosophical, scientific, and technical discoveries and inventions were needed before it became possible to discuss the longevity of extraterrestrial technical civilizations. Of special significance was the “discovery of time,” the emergence of a set of ideas for understanding human temporality: first, linear time, time that has a beginning and an end, and in which nothing is forever; second, long time lines, in which there was a time before humans and human civilization, and that the history of our civilization is only a fraction of the history of universe; and third, that time has a direction, that humans are historical beings – that is, knowledge, culture, and society are not something preexisting but something man-made, evolving, that rests on the experiences and actions of previous generations in a cumulative process leading to the development of knowledge, behavior, and life conditions, or what is sometimes called the “idea of progress.” L is a measure of the civilizing or socialization process, and the variables that underlie it: biocultural coevolution and the interaction between the evolution of cognition and socialization. I think that the societal impact of SETI, and human hopes and fears of extraterrestrial encounters, must be understood in this historical context of human conceptions of the rise and fall of civilizations.
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| 4. |
- Gurvits, L. I., et al.
(author)
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The science case and challenges of spaceborne sub-millimeter interferometry: the study case of TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA)
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. ; A7
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ultra-high angular resolution in astronomy has always been an important vehicle for making fundamental discoveries. Recent results in direct imaging of the vicinity of the super-massive black hole in the nucleus of the radio galaxy M87 by the millimeter VLBI system Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and various pioneering results of the Space VLBI mission RadioAstron provided new momentum in high angular resolution astrophysics. In both mentioned cases, the angular resolution reached the values of about 10−20 microrcseconds (0.05−0.1 nanoradian). Angular resolution is proportional to the observing wavelength and inversely proportional to the interferometer baseline length. In the case of Earth-based EHT, the highest angular resolution was achieved by combining the shortest possible wavelength of 1.3 mm with the longest possible baselines, comparable to the Earth’s diameter. For RadioAstron, operational wavelengths were in the range from 92 cm down to 1.3 cm, but the baselines were as long as ∼350,000 km. However, these two highlights of radio astronomy, EHT and RadioAstron do not”saturate” the interest to further increase in angular resolution. Quite opposite: the science case for further increase in angular resolution of astrophysical studies becomes even stronger. A natural and, in fact, the only possible way of moving forward is to enhance mm/sub-mm VLBI by extending baselines to extraterrestrial dimensions, i.e. creating a mm/sub-mm Space VLBI system. The inevitable move toward space-borne mm/sub-mm VLBI is a subject of several concept studies. In this presentation we will focus on one of them called TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA), prepared in response to the ESA’s call for its next major science program Voyage 2050 (Gurvits et al. 2021). The THEZA rationale is focused at the physics of spacetime in the vicinity of super-massive black holes as the leading science drive. However, it will also open up a sizable new range of hitherto unreachable parameters of observational radio astrophysics and create a multi-disciplinary scientific facility and offer a high degree of synergy with prospective “single dish” space-borne sub-mm astronomy (e.g., Wiedner et al. 2021) and infrared interferometry (e.g., Linz et al. 2021). As an amalgam of several major trends of modern observational astrophysics, THEZA aims at facilitating a breakthrough in high-resolution high image quality astronomical studies.
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| 5. |
- Settanni, Antonio, et al.
(author)
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Compressive response and failure of a micromechanical model for confined unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. ; 19:C2
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The longitudinal compressive response of unidirectional high-stiffness carbon fibres radially confined with glass fibre and embedded in an epoxy matrix are analysed in this study. The method was originally developed for reinforced concrete columns. For this class of hybrid composites, initial fiber misalignment along with material nonlinearity leads to the initiation of fibre kinking. The load carrying capability is expected to be preserved due to the presence of lateral confinement. However, compressive strength is highly depended on fibre alignment. If, via manufacturing highly aligned fibres can be formed, then this could potentially lead to micro-buckling failure initiation.
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| 6. |
- Sioris, C. E., et al.
(author)
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The atmospheric limb sounding satellite (ALISS)
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. - 9781634399869 ; 4, s. 2382-2392
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Atmospheric Limb Sounding Satellite (ALISS) is a joint Canadian-Swedish concept that is currently under study by agencies, industrial partners and academic institutions in both countries. Launch is not anticipated before late 2020. ALISS has significant heritage, resembling the current Odin mission in terms of some of the countries involved and the types of instruments. However, ALISS will have a focus on the upper troposphere in addition to Odin's primarily stratospheric focus. The ALISS mission has objectives relating to climate-chemistry coupling, UV radiation, dynamics, atmospheric composition in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, and in conjunction with nadir sensors, air quality, by virtue of the array of key atmospheric constituents that it will measure with an unprecedented combination of vertical and horizontal resolution for satellite-borne instruments. ALISS consists of four atmospheric limb remote sensing instruments. Three of these have space heritage and are: the Canadian-designed Atmospheric Tomography System (CATS) that is a derivative of the highly successful Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument, the Swedish-designed Stratosphere Troposphere Exchange And climate Monitoring Radiometer (STEAMR) that is a follow-on instrument to the sub-millimetre radiometer (SMR) that currently operates with OSIRIS on Odin, and a Global Positioning System Radio Occultation instrument. The fourth instrument, also Canadian, is the Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water (SHOW). SHOW will measure profiles of water vapour using its near-infrared absorption. Among other things, the ALISS package will deliver atmospheric composition (O3, H2O, NO2, HNO3, BrO, CO, aerosol, and others) measurements within the extremely important upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region for chemistry and climate studies. One application of interest would be using these measurements in conjunction with total column measurements from nadir-viewing instruments as well as data assimilation systems in order to better monitor and forecast air quality. Also, the heritage of these instruments implies the ALISS measurements will be extremely valuable in the continuation of climate-quality time series of important constituents such as stratospheric aerosols, water vapour, and ozone. Continuity of these vertically resolved data records is currently threatened by a looming gap in satellite-based limb sounders. This talk will outline the ALISS concept and the utility of the measurements.
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| 7. |
- Wagner, Scarlet
(author)
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Bees in space - Swarm technologies' unauthorised deployment of SmallSats and Art. VI of the outer space treaty
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. ; 2018-October
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In March 2018, it became publically known that Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO's launch on 12 January 2018 deployed four space objects into orbit that were not authorised by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States of America (US). Prior to the launch with ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, US-based tech start-up Swarm Technologies had received a dismissal by the FCC of their application for a license to launch their four SpaceBEE satellites. This may be the first publically known occasion of a potentially unauthorised deployment of space objects since the inception of international space law. This paper centres around an assessment of the launch of the SpaceBEE satellites under national and international space law. Regarding the latter, the regime of international responsibility of States is considered under both Article VI of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and general public international law. The paper concludes that while it is too early to foresee the ultimate consequences of Swarm Technologies' conduct, a discussion of the relevant national and international legal frameworks proves instructive. The theoretical attention that the interpretation of Art. VI OST has been getting over the past decades is met with a sense of practical necessity triggered by the deployment of the SpaceBEEs.
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