SwePub - search: WFRF:(Andersson Björn 1977)

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1.	Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al. (author) Decrease in adiponectin levels correlates to growth response in growth hormone-treated children. 2009 In: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0046 .- 0301-0163. ; 71:4, s. 213-8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Adiponectin is secreted by adipose tissue and circulates in human plasma at high levels. Decreased adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in serum adiponectin levels are related to the growth response, insulin levels and insulin resistance during growth hormone (GH) treatment.
2.	Bjarnason, Ragnar, 1959, et al. (author) Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein increases in serum after the start of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children 2004 In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 89:10, s. 5156-60 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Both GH and IGF-I stimulate bone growth, but the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects on the growth plate are not fully understood. We measured gene expression by microarray analysis in primary cultured human chondrocytes treated with either GH or IGF-I. One of the genes found to be up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I was that encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). This protein is predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Mutations in the COMP gene have been associated with syndromes of short stature. To verify that COMP is regulated by GH in vivo, we measured COMP levels in serum in short children treated with GH. The study included 113 short prepubertal children (14 girls and 99 boys) with a mean (+/- sd) age of 8.84 +/- 2.76 yr, height sd score of -2.74 +/- 0.67, and IGF-I sd score of -1.21 +/- 1.07 at the start of GH administration. Serum levels of COMP were 1.58 +/- 0.28, 1.83 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.91 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.78 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.001), and 1.70 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.05) microg/ml at baseline and after 1 wk and 1, 3, and 12 months, respectively.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that COMP expression is up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I in primary cultured human chondrocytes. Furthermore, serum levels of COMP increase after the start of GH treatment in short children.
3.	Johansson, Anette, 1977, et al. (author) A Versatile System for Electrical Treeing Tests under AC and DC Stress Using Wire Electrodes 2011 In: 8th International Conference on Insulated Power Cables, Jicable’11, 19 – 23 June 2011, Versailles - France. Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract An alternative method to evaluate electrical treeing in solid dielectric materials is presented. Here the test sample utilises a wire electrode for creating the necessary high divergent electric field. This introduces a different preparation method and several of the disadvantages with the traditional needle sample can be avoided. Together with the test object a versatile test setup for both AC and DC measurements is illustrated. This alternative method has proven successful and an evaluation thereof as well as a comparative study between the two electrode systems is included.
4.	Näsström, Thomas, et al. (author) Synthetic NAC 71-82 Peptides Designed to Produce Fibrils with Different Protofilament Interface Contacts 2021 In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:17 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Alpha-synucleinopathies are featured by fibrillar inclusions in brain cells. Although α-synuclein fibrils display structural diversity, the origin of this diversity is not fully understood. We used molecular dynamics simulations to design synthetic peptides, based on the NAC 71-82 amino acid fragment of α-synuclein, that govern protofilament contacts and generation of twisted fibrillar polymorphs. Four peptides with structures based on either single or double fragments and capped or non-capped ends were selected for further analysis. We determined the fibrillar yield and the structures from these peptides found in the solution after fibrillisation using protein concentration determination assay and circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, we characterised secondary structures formed by individual fibrillar complexes using laser-tweezers Raman spectroscopy. Results suggest less mature fibrils, based on the lower relative β-sheet content for double- than single-fragment peptide fibrils. We confirmed this structural difference by TEM analysis which revealed, in addition to short protofibrils, more elongated, twisted and rod-like fibril structures in non-capped and capped double-fragment peptide systems, respectively. Finally, time-correlated single-photon counting demonstrated a difference in the Thioflavin T fluorescence lifetime profiles upon fibril binding. It could be proposed that this difference originated from morphological differences in the fibril samples. Altogether, these results highlight the potential of using peptide models for the generation of fibrils that share morphological features relevant for disease, e.g., twisted and rod-like polymorphs.
5.	Persson, Josefine, 1980, et al. (author) Stratification of COVID-19 patients based on quantitative immune-related gene expression in whole blood. 2022 In: Molecular immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9142 .- 0161-5890. ; 145, s. 17-26 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes mild symptoms in the majority of infected individuals, yet in some cases it leads to a life-threatening condition. Determination of early predictive biomarkers enabling risk stratification for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can inform treatment and intervention strategies. Herein, we analyzed whole blood samples obtained from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, varying from mild to critical symptoms, approximately one week after symptom onset. In order to identify blood-specific markers of disease severity status, a targeted expression analysis of 143 immune-related genes was carried out by dual-color reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA). The clinically well-defined subgroups of COVID-19 patients were compared with healthy controls. The transcriptional profile of the critically ill patients clearly separated from that of healthy individuals. Moreover, the number of differentially expressed genes increased by severity of COVID-19. It was also found that critically ill patients can be distinguished by reduced peripheral blood expression of several genes, which most likely reflects the lower lymphocyte counts. There was a notable predominance of IFN-associated gene expression in all subgroups of COVID-19, which was most profound in critically ill patients. Interestingly, the gene encoding one of the main TNF-receptors, TNFRS1A, had selectively lower expression in mild COVID-19 cases. This report provides added value in understanding COVID-19 disease, and shows potential of determining early immune transcript signatures in the blood of patients with different disease severity. These results can guide further explorations to uncover mechanisms underlying immunity and immunopathology in COVID-19.
6.	Alfonzo, Emilia, et al. (author) Effect of Fee on Cervical Cancer Screening Attendance-ScreenFee, a Swedish Population-Based Randomised Trial 2016 In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Attendance in the cervical cancer screening programme is one of the most important factors to lower the risk of contracting the disease. Attendance rates are often low in areas with low socioeconomic status. Charging a fee for screening might possibly decrease attendance in this population. Screening programme coverage is low in low socio-economic status areas in Gothenburg, Sweden, but has increased slightly after multiple interventions in recent years. For many years, women in the region have paid a fee for screening. We studied the effect of abolishing this fee in a trial emanating from the regular cervical cancer screening programme. Individually randomised controlled trial. All 3 124 women in three low-resource areas in Gothenburg, due for screening during the study period, were randomised to receive an offer of a free test or the standard invitation stating the regular fee of 100 SEK (approximate to 11 (sic)). The study was conducted during the first six months of 2013. Attendance was defined as a registered Pap smear within 90 days from the date the invitation was sent out. Attendance did not differ significantly between women who were charged and those offered free screening (RR 0.93; CI 0.85-1.02). No differences were found within the districts or as an effect of age, attendance after the most recent previous invitation or previous experience of smear taking. Abolishment of a modest screening fee in socially disadvantaged urban districts with low coverage, after previous multiple systematic interventions, does not increase attendance in the short term. Other interventions might be more important for increasing attendance in low socio-economic status areas.
7.	Altenburger, Björn, 1990, et al. (author) Label-Free Imaging of Catalytic H 2 O 2 Decomposition on Single Colloidal Pt Nanoparticles Using Nanofluidic Scattering Microscopy 2023 In: ACS Nano. - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 17:21, s. 21030-21043 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Single-particle catalysis aims at determining factors that dictate the nanoparticle activity and selectivity. Existing methods often use fluorescent model reactions at low reactant concentrations, operate at low pressures, or rely on plasmonic enhancement effects. Hence, methods to measure single-nanoparticle activity under technically relevant conditions and without fluorescence or other enhancement mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we introduce nanofluidic scattering microscopy of catalytic reactions on single colloidal nanoparticles trapped inside nanofluidic channels to fill this gap. By detecting minuscule refractive index changes in a liquid flushed trough a nanochannel, we demonstrate that local H2O2 concentration changes in water can be accurately measured. Applying this principle, we analyze the H2O2 concentration profiles adjacent to single colloidal Pt nanoparticles during catalytic H2O2 decomposition into O2 and H2O and derive the particles’ individual turnover frequencies from the growth rate of the O2 gas bubbles formed in their respective nanochannel during reaction.
8.	Alves, G., et al. (author) Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Proteins via MiCId's Augmented Workflow. A Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Approach 2022 In: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1044-0305 .- 1879-1123. ; 33:6, s. 917-931 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Fast and accurate identifications of pathogenic bacteria along with their associated antibiotic resistance proteins are of paramount importance for patient treatments and public health. To meet this goal from the mass spectrometry aspect, we have augmented the previously published Microorganism Classification and Identification (MiCId) workflow for this capability. To evaluate the performance of this augmented workflow, we have used MS/MS datafiles from samples of 10 antibiotic resistance bacterial strains belonging to three different species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The evaluation shows that MiCId's workflow has a sensitivity value around 85% (with a lower bound at about 72%) and a precision greater than 95% in identifying antibiotic resistance proteins. In addition to having high sensitivity and precision, MiCId's workflow is fast and portable, making it a valuable tool for rapid identifications of bacteria as well as detection of their antibiotic resistance proteins. It performs microorganismal identifications, protein identifications, sample biomass estimates, and antibiotic resistance protein identifications in 6-17 min per MS/MS sample using computing resources that are available in most desktop and laptop computers. We have also demonstrated other use of MiCId's workflow. Using MS/MS data sets from samples of two bacterial clonal isolates, one being antibiotic-sensitive while the other being multidrug-resistant, we applied MiCId's workflow to investigate possible mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in these pathogenic bacteria; the results showed that MiCId's conclusions agree with the published study.
9.	Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al. (author) Development of a machine learning framework for radiation biomarker discovery and absorbed dose prediction. 2023 In: Frontiers in oncology. - 2234-943X. ; 13 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Molecular radiation biomarkers are an emerging tool in radiation research with applications for cancer radiotherapy, radiation risk assessment, and even human space travel. However, biomarker screening in genome-wide expression datasets using conventional tools is time-consuming and underlies analyst (human) bias. Machine Learning (ML) methods can improve the sensitivity and specificity of biomarker identification, increase analytical speed, and avoid multicollinearity and human bias.To develop a resource-efficient ML framework for radiation biomarker discovery using gene expression data from irradiated normal tissues. Further, to identify biomarker panels predicting radiation dose with tissue specificity.A strategic search in the Gene Expression Omnibus database identified a transcriptomic dataset (GSE44762) for normal tissues radiation responses (murine kidney cortex and medulla) suited for biomarker discovery using an ML approach. The dataset was pre-processed in R and separated into train and test data subsets. High computational cost of Genetic Algorithm/k-Nearest Neighbor (GA/KNN) mandated optimization and 13 ML models were tested using the caret package in R. Biomarker performance was evaluated and visualized via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and dose regression. The novelty of ML-identified biomarker panels was evaluated by literature search.Caret-based feature selection and ML methods vastly improved processing time over the GA approach. The KNN method yielded overall best performance values on train and test data and was implemented into the framework. The top-ranking genes were Cdkn1a, Gria3, Mdm2 and Plk2 in cortex, and Brf2, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, Ddit4l, and Gria3 in medulla. These candidates successfully categorized dose groups and tissues in PCA. Regression analysis showed that correlation between predicted and true dose was high with R2 of 0.97 and 0.99 for cortex and medulla, respectively.The caret framework is a powerful tool for radiation biomarker discovery optimizing performance with resource-efficiency for broad implementation in the field. The KNN-based approach identified Brf2, Ddit4l, and Gria3 mRNA as novel candidates that have been uncharacterized as radiation biomarkers to date. The biomarker panel showed good performance in dose and tissue separation and dose regression. Further training with larger cohorts is warranted to improve accuracy, especially for lower doses.
10.	Andersson, Björn, 1977 (author) Identification of novel growth hormone-regulated factors 2009 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The studies described in this thesis aimed to identify novel factors involved in the regulation of longitudinal growth and bone mineralization in response to growth hormone (GH) treatment. This was done by performing a single factor study (Paper I) where it was found that growth response was negatively correlated with adiponectin levels during the first year of GH treatment in short prepubertal children. Thereafter a genomic approach using microarray was used to identify GH and insulin-like growth factor I responsive genes in primary cultured human chondrocytes, from the growth plate, where GH has direct and indirect effects (Paper II). The COMP gene was found to be up-regulated by GH, which was confirmed using ELISA in short prepubertal children. In Papers III–V a pharmacoproteomic approach was used to identify novel GH-regulated protein markers for longitudinal growth and bone mineralization. Serum protein expression profiles during the first year of GH treatment were analysed using SELDI-TOF in two different study groups. In Paper III changes in protein peak intensities allowed 82% of children to be correctly classified as good or poor responders. In Paper IV and V it was found that it was possible to predict the 2-year growth response and bone mineralization and by comparing the proteins in the regression models it was found that these are partly dissociated mechanisms. The proteins identified in Paper III-V were Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, Apo A-II, Apo C-I, Apo C-III, transthyretin, serum amyloid A4 and haemoglobin beta. All proteins except haemoglobin beta were related to the high-density lipoprotein. Robust statistical methods were used and developed to ensure valid proteomic data as well as reliable results. In conclusion: different techniques from ELISAs to genomics and proteomics were used to identify novel GH-dependent factors. Our results suggest that nutritional factors may have a role in determining GH responsiveness. In future, this knowledge could be useful in the development of tools for the diagnosis and individualized treatment of short children, independently of low GH secretion or low GH sensitivity.
11.	Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al. (author) Protein profiling identified dissociations between growth hormone-mediated longitudinal growth and bone mineralization in short prepubertal children 2011 In: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-7737 .- 1874-3919. ; 74:1, s. 89-100 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Growth hormone (GH) promotes longitudinal growth and bone mineralization. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to analyze the association between serum protein expression pattern and height-adjusted bone mineralization in short prepubertal children receiving GH treatment. Patterns of protein expression were compared with those associated with longitudinal bone growth. Specific protein expression patterns associated with changes in height-adjusted bone mineralization in response to GH treatment were identified. Out of the 37 peaks found in significant regression models, 27 were uniquely present in models correlated with changes in bone mineralization and 7 peaks were uniquely present in models correlated with changes in height. The peaks identified corresponded to apolipoproteins, transthyretin, serum amyloid A4 and hemoglobin beta. We conclude that a proteomic approach could be used to identify specific protein expression patterns associated with bone mineralization in response to GH treatment and that height-adjusted bone mineralization and longitudinal bone growth are regulated partly by the same and partly by different mechanisms. Protein isoforms with different post-translational modifications might be of importance in the regulation of these processes. However, further validation is needed to assess the clinical significance of the results.
12.	Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al. (author) Proteins related to lipoprotein profile were identified using a pharmaco-proteomic approach as markers for growth response to growth hormone (GH) treatment in short prepubertal children 2009 In: Proteome Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-5956. ; 7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The broad range in growth observed in response to growth hormone (GH) treatment is mainly caused by individual variations in both GH secretion and GH sensitivity. Individual GH responsiveness can be estimated using evidence-based models that predict the response to GH treatment; however, these models can be improved. High-throughput proteomics techniques can be used to identify proteins that may potentially be used as variables in such models in order to improve their predictive ability. Previously we have reported that proteomic analyses can identify biomarkers that discriminate between short prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) who show good or poor growth in response to GH treatment. In this study we used a pharmaco-proteomic approach to identify novel factors that correlate with the growth response to GH treatment in prepubertal children who are short due to GH deficiency or ISS. The study included 128 short prepubertal children receiving GH treatment, of whom 39 were GH-deficient and 89 had ISS. Serum protein expression profiles at study start and after 1 year of GH treatment were analyzed using SELDI-TOF. Cross-validated regression and random permutation analyses were performed to identify significant correlations between protein expression patterns and the 2-year growth response to GH treatment. RESULTS: At start of treatment we identified a combination of seven protein peaks that correlated with the 2-year growth response in the GH-deficient group (R2 = 0.73). After 1 year of treatment, a combination of four peaks in the GH-deficient group (R2 = 0.64), eight peaks in the ISS group R2 = 0.47) and eight peaks in the total study group correlated with the 2-year growth response R2 = 0.38).The peaks identified corresponded to apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-I, C-III, transthyretin and serum amyloid A 4, which are all part of the high-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION: Using a proteomic approach we identified biomarkers related to the lipoprotein profile that could be used to predict growth response to GH treatment in prepubertal children who are short as a result of GH-deficiency or who have ISS.These results support our previous findings that apolipoproteins and transthyretin may have a role in GH sensitivity.
13.	Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al. (author) Vitamin D and growth hormone treatment. 2013 In: 9th Joint meeting of Paediatrics Endocrinology, Milan , Italy.. ; 19-22:Sept Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract Background: Living in Sweden which is in the northern part of the world, above 35° of latitude implies a major risk of vitamin D deficiency. Prepubertal children show a marked seasonal variation in growth parallel to hours of sunshine. Vitamin D shows a similar pattern with the highest levels during late summer. Growth hormone (GH) promotes longitudinal growth in short prepubertal children. Objective and hypotheses: The aim was to study the influence of seasonal variation in vitamin D levels on pretreatment growth and first year growth response to GH treatment. Methods: The study group consisted of 279 short prepubertal children, 223 boys age 9.08±2.6 SD, 56 girls age 7.79±1.65, belonging to registered clinical trials in Sweden. GH was given in the range 17-100 µg/kg/day, mean 0.42 µg/ kg/day. 82 children were GHD (GHmaxAITT/24h profile ≤ 10 µg/L). n=24/104 (23%), of whom n=63/104 (60.5%) had Isolated GHD whereas n=41/104 (39.4%) had Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD). Median age at CO-GHD diagnosis was 11.2yr (0.3 -16.6) with initial GH peak 2.2µg/l (0.1 - 6.5); and initiation of GH therapy at 9.5 (0.4 -16.9) yrs. Result: At final height, n=60/104(57.6%) CO-GHD adult were re-evaluated at a median age 18.2 yr (15-27.5), 0.5 (0.1-12) years after withdrawal of GH therapy at age 16 (9 -21) yr. Median duration of treatment was 7.6 (0.4-16.3)yr. At retesting median GH peak was 1.7µg/l (0.1-23.7) and IGF1 level 79ug/l (15-560). Of those re-evaluated 52/60(86.8%) remained GHD and were eligible for adult GH replacement, with 45/60(75%) re-starting GH and 7/60(11.6%) declining GH. The remaining CO-GHD treated patients n=44/104(42.3%) were not re-evaluated either because they were transferred to adult services without re-evaluation (n=21), stopped treatment without reevaluation (n=6), were lost to follow up while on treatment (n=10), or had missing data in (n=7). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of CO-GHD patients remain GHD and most opt for GH therapy as adults, yet not all are re-evaluated. A consensus standardised pathway for re-evaluation of the GH axis between paediatric and adult services has not yet been reached. There is a need to study
14.	Andersson, Daniel, 1977, et al. (author) Supply Voltage Drop Study Considering On-Chip Self Inductance of a 32-bit Processor's Power Grid 2009 In: 2009 IEEE Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects, SPI '09; Strasbourg; France; 12 May 2009 through 15 May 2009. - 9781424444892 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Conventional IR drop analysis suggests that on-chip inductive effects can be neglected when estimating supply voltage drops. We present a supply voltage drop analysis for a commercial 32-bit application processor. Our power grid model uses a backbone RL extracted netlist of the processor's power grid, complemented with capacitances from the processor design and a current signature defined by the worst-case switching test vector, located in the power-up sequence of the processor. Our circuit simulations show that on-chip self inductance makes the actual supply voltage drop deviate by more than 55% and 25% from the ∼6% and ∼8% drop, respectively, of nominal supply voltage that a conventional IR power grid model yields.
15.	Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al. (author) Du sköra nya värld - introduktionskapitel 2022 In: Du sköra nya värld. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 9789189673526 ; , s. 11-28 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract Det är en skör tid vi lever i. De senaste åren har på olika sätt präglats av osäkerhet och turbulens. Först ställdes världen inför en pandemi som påverkade stora delar av samhället och relationen människor och nationer emellan. Det saknades initialt vaccin och rutiner för hur de svårast sjuka bäst skulle vårdas. Hälso- och sjukvården har mött stora prövningar, många länders ekonomier har utmanats och medborgarna har fått se sin rörelsefrihet begränsas. När gränser stängde, öppna- des dock möjligheter. För ett ögonblick minskade världens koldioxidutsläpp när den industriella produktionen gick ner och bilarna stod kvar hemma. När pandemin så efter två år gick in i ett slags avmattningsfas, åtminstone i Europa, händer det som många nog inte längre trodde var möjligt – ett europeiskt land utsattes för ett massivt militärt angrepp. Reaktionerna på Rysslands aggressiva invasion av Ukraina lät knappast vänta på sig. Den säkerhetspolitiska temperaturen ökade i rekordfart, och för Sveriges och Finlands del blev frågan om en anslutning till försvarsalliansen Nato plötsligt brännande het. Så pass att länderna tillsammans lämnade in varsin ansökan den 18 maj 2022. I detta inledande kapitel riktar vi fokus både mot framtiden och mot det som varit. Det första området som granskas närmare är svenska folkets framtidsoro, med särskilt fokus på klimat. Därefter riktar vi blicken mot allmänhetens upplevelser av coronapandemin och bedömningar av dess långsiktiga konsekvenser. Vi landar slutligen i ett kluster av frågor som berör demokrati och politik, där vi dels följer den svenska opinionens utveckling över tid i politiska sakfrågor, dels blickar framåt mot det kommande valet och de implikationer som medborgarnas oro, bedömningar och prioriteringar kan tänkas få för valet 2022.
16.	Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al. (author) Storm och stiltje (inledningskapitel) 2019 In: Storm och stiltje. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673441 ; , s. 11-34 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract Årets forskarantologi från SOM-institutet har titeln Storm och stiltje. Titeln knyter an till hur situationen i omvärlden har sett ut under 2018. Stormar har setts komma och gå, vissa mer utdragna än andra. Det har stormat mellan nationer och inom nationer, mellan statschefer och mellan beslutsfattare och medborgare. Det har stormat kring stora multinationella företag såväl som inom anrika kulturinstitutioner. Och i skog och mark har eldstormar dragit fram. Men många starka vindar har också kommit att mojna och stundtals bli till stiltje. Mångåriga konflikter mellan grannländer har präglats av ökad öppenhet och försoning. För svensk del följdes en intensiv valrörelse av stiltje i rikspolitiken. Väljarna hade sagt sitt, men de låsta positionerna i partipolitiken tycktes närmast skapa mer osäkerhet än bringa klarhet i regeringsfrågan. När klockorna klämtade för att ringa ut året var regeringsfrågan fortfarande olöst. I vilken vindriktning blåste då den allmänna opinionen? På vilka områden såg vi vindomslag och förändringar i människors vanor och attityder 2018? I detta första kapitel inleder vi analyserna av den nationella SOM-undersökningen 2018 genom att granska några utvalda områden inom (S)amhälle, (O)pinion och (M)edier som karaktäriserats av såväl stormar som av stiltje. Mer specifikt kommer vi att analysera bilden av vart det svenska samhället är på väg enligt medborgarna, vilka frågor som upplevs som oroande inför framtiden, hur medborgarna bedömer de svenska partiledarna samt det vardagsliv som föregår på internet. Samtliga områden är sådana som kan bidra med ökad förståelse för människors samhällssyn, politiska ställningstaganden och bemötande av medmänniskor. I sammanhanget är tid en viktig faktor för att förstå hur den svenska opinionen har påverkats av väder och vind genom åren. Innan vi påbörjar analyserna av samhällets strömningar, kommer vi dock först att göra en kort genomlysning av opinionsåret 2018 genom att studera vad svenska medier rapporterade om.
17.	Angerfors, Annelie, et al. (author) Proteomic profiling identifies novel inflammation-related plasma proteins associated with ischemic stroke outcome 2023 In: Journal of Neuroinflammation. - 1742-2094. ; 20:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background The inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia is complex; however, most clinical studies of stroke outcome focus on a few selected proteins. We, therefore, aimed to profile a broad range of inflammation-related proteins to: identify proteins associated with ischemic stroke outcome that are independent of established clinical predictors; identify proteins subsets for outcome prediction; and perform sex and etiological subtype stratified analyses.Methods Acute-phase plasma levels of 65 inflammation-related proteins were measured in 534 ischemic stroke cases. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations to unfavorable 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) and LASSO regressions to identify proteins with independent effects.Results Twenty proteins were associated with outcome in univariable models after correction for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05), and for 5 the association was independent of clinical variables, including stroke severity (TNFSF14 [LIGHT], OSM, SIRT2, STAMBP, and 4E-BP1). LASSO identified 9 proteins that could best separate favorable and unfavorable outcome with a predicted diagnostic accuracy (AUC) of 0.81; three associated with favorable (CCL25, TRAIL [TNFSF10], and Flt3L) and 6 with unfavorable outcome (CSF-1, EN-RAGE [S100A12], HGF, IL-6, OSM, and TNFSF14). Finally, we identified sex- and etiologic subtype-specific associations with the best discriminative ability achieved for cardioembolic, followed by cryptogenic stroke.Conclusions We identified candidate blood-based protein biomarkers for post-stroke functional outcome involved in, e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome regulation and signaling pathways, such as TNF, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-kappa B. These proteins warrant further study for stroke outcome prediction as well as investigations into the putative causal role for stroke outcome.
18.	Bahrami, F., et al. (author) Blood transcriptional profiles distinguish different clinical stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans 2022 In: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-5890. ; 149, s. 165-173 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with severe morbidity and socioeconomic sequelae. A better understanding of underlying immune mechanisms that lead to different clinical outcomes of CL could inform the rational design of intervention measures. While transcriptomic analyses of CL lesions were recently reported by us and others, there is a dearth of information on the expression of immune-related genes in the blood of CL patients. Herein, we investigated immune-related gene expression in whole blood samples collected from individuals with different clinical stages of CL along with healthy volunteers in an endemic CL region where Leishmania (L.) tropica is prevalent. Study participants were categorized into asymptomatic (LST+) and healthy uninfected (LST-) groups based on their leishmanin skin test (LST). Whole blood PAXgene samples were collected from volunteers, who had healed CL lesions, and patients with active L. tropica cutaneous lesions. Quality RNA extracted from 57 blood samples were subjected to Dual-color reverse-transcription multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA) assay for profiling 144 immune-related genes. Results show significant changes in the expression of genes involved in interferon signaling pathway in the blood of active CL patients, asymptomatics and healed individuals. Nonetheless, distinct profiles for several immune-related genes were identified in the healed, the asymptomatic, and the CL patients compared to the healthy controls. Among others, IFI16 and CCL11 were found as immune transcript signatures for the healed and the asymptomatic individuals, respectively. These results warrant further exploration to pinpoint novel blood biomarkers for different clinical stages of CL.
19.	Boman, Kurt, et al. (author) Effects of atenolol or losartan on fibrinolysis and von Willebrand factor in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. 2010 In: Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis. - : SAGE Publications. - 1076-0296 .- 1938-2723. ; 16:2, s. 146-152 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of the beta-blocker atenolol with the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan on plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and mass concentration, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, tPA/PAI-1 complex, and von Willebrand factor (VWF). DESIGN: A prespecified, explorative substudy in 22 patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) performed within randomized multicenter, double-blind prospective study. RESULTS: After a median of 36 weeks of treatment, there were significant differences between the treatment groups, atenolol versus losartan, in plasma median levels of tPA mass (11.9 vs 7.3 ng/mL, P = .019), PAI-1 activity (20.7 vs 4.8 IU/mL, P = .030), and tPA/PAI-1 complex (7.1 vs 2.5 ng/mL, P = .015). In patients treated with atenolol, median levels of tPA mass (8.9-11.9 ng/mL, P = .021) and VWF (113.5%-134.3%, P = .021) increased significantly, indicating a change toward a more prothrombotic state. No significant changes occurred in the losartan group. CONCLUSION: Losartan treatment was associated with preserved fibrinolytic balance compared to a more prothrombotic fibrinolytic and hemostatic state in the atenolol group. These findings suggest different fibrinolytic and hemostatic responses to treatment in hypertensive patients with LVH.
20.	Brindefalk, Björn, 1977-, et al. (author) Loss of Mitochondrial tRNA Genes Correlates with Loss of Genes for Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Most mitochondrial genomes encode their own tRNAs, whereas the mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are encoded by the nuclear genome. It has been suggested that the loss of mitochondrial tRNA genes from the mitocchondrial genome correlates with the sequence similarity between bacterial and eukaryotic aaRSs, in that aaRSs that are similar across the two domains can easily shift between charging mitochondrial and cytosolic tRNAs (Schneider 2001). However, recent work has shown that mitochondrial and cytosolic aaRSs have complex evolutionary histories and are not always of bacterial and eukaryotic origin, respectively (Brindefalk et al. 2007). We repeated the analysis performed by Schneider using all available mitochondrial genomes as of December 2006 and found that the loss of mitochondrial tRNA genes correlates with replacements of the genes for the corresponding aaRS. Our observations provide new insights into the co-evolution of mitochondrial tRNAs and their charging enzymes.
21.	Brindefalk, Björn, 1977-, et al. (author) Lost and Found at Sea: a Phylomentagenomic Exploration of Mitochondrial Affiliations with Oceanic Bacteria. Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Background According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, the mitochondrial system for aerobic respiration was derived from a free-living bacterium related to present-day alpha-proteobacteria. Recent studies have identified two lineages as the closest mitochondrial relatives among bacteria with sequenced genomes; the Rickettsiales, a lineage comprising obligate intracellular pathogens, and Pelagibacter ubique, a member of the SAR11 clade that is highly abundant in the upper surface waters of the global oceans. Principal Findings Here, we present a phylogenetic study incorporating metagenomic data of mitochondrial genes for aerobic respiration that includes sequence data from the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) Expedition, thereby increasing the sampling of alpha-proteobacterial sequences available for analysis greatly. Phylogenetic analysis of these expanded datasets including oceanic sequences that had been pruned down in numbers but still maintained the full genetic diversity present failed to show an increased support for a specific mitochondrial affiliation to any alpha-proteobacterial group, although concatenated datasets of different genes gave good support for conflicting mitochondrial placement. We utilized a jack-knifing method to randomly sample sequences from the GOS dataset and examined how the inclusion of such sequences influenced the support for mitochondrial affiliation in trees inferred from proteins in aerobic respiration. No evidence of an increased support for a specific mitochondrial placement in the alpha-proteobacterial tree in the jack-knifing analysis was obtained. A systematic search for sequences affiliated with mitochondria in the GOS dataset suggests the existence of previously unidentified clades of deeply diverging alpha-proteobacteria, with an unclear affiliation. Conclusions/Significance Our findings have several important implications. First, they support an early divergence of the mitochondrial ancestor from the alpha-proteobacterial lineage, possibly pre-dating the radiation of alpha-proteobacterial species with sequenced genomes. Second, they reject the hypothesis that the system for aerobic respiration in mitochondria is affiliated with the SAR11 clade. Third, they indicate horizontal transfer of genes for respiratory chain proteins in bacteria adapted to the upper surface waters of the oceans. Fourth, they show the presence of oceanic sequences for respiratory chain proteins that diverge as deeply as mitochondria in the alpha-proteobacterial phylogeny, possibly indicating a previously unidentified alpha-proteobacterial group at a basal position of the alpha-proteobacterial tree, underscoring the importance of expanding studies on mitochondrial origins beyond those of cultivated and intracellular bacteria. Finally, our study outlines a new methodology, phylometagenomics, which provides guidance on how to incorporate metagenome data into a phylogenetic framework for inferences of early evolutionary events.
22.	Brindefalk, Björn, 1977-, et al. (author) Mitochondrial and alpha-proteobacterial time of divergence - a question of antecedence Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Mitochondria are believed to have originated by the incorporation of an alpha-proteobacterium into an un-defined "proto-eukaryote", although the exact nature of the two participants in this endo-symbiotic event is not known. Attempts to place the endo-symbiont with a specific group of extant alpha-proteobacteria has in most cases identified the Rickettsiales as the sister-group to mitochondria, although recent work has shown that this could be due to methodological artefacts and that the mitochondria should instead be considered a sister-clade to alphaproteobacteria. Equally uncertain is the time at which this endo-symbiotic event took place, and if it coincides with the event that gave rise to the eukaryotes themselves. In this work we attempt to use molecular dating methods to compare the time-point of mitochondrial divergence to the time-point of divergence of the alpha-proteobacteria, under the two hypothetical topologies mentioned. We show that if mitochondria are considered as a sister-clade to the alpha-proteobacteria, mitochondria likely diverged prior to the radiation of extant alpha-proteobacteria, and that the alpha-proteobacterial clade itself might be significantly younger than shown in previous analyses.
23.	Brindefalk, Björn, 1977- (author) Mitochondrial and Eukaryotic Origins : A Phylogenetic Perspective 2009 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles responsible for power-generation, believed to have come into existence by an endo-symbiontic event where a bacterial cell was incorporated by an un-specified "proto-eukaryote". Phylogenetic analysis have shown that the mitochondrial ancestor was most related to present-day alpha-proteobacteria, although the exact nature of the mitochondrial progenitor remains disputed. In this work, I have used phylogenetic and other methods to investigate the identity of the organism giving rise to mitochondria, by analysing the evolutionary history of select proteins, the events where they have been transfered to the eukaryotic nucleus, and the time-point of mitochondrial establishment. In addition, a search for mitochondrially related organisms in the ocean metagenome was performed, in the hope that something more related to the mitochondrial progenitor than anything previously identified could be found. Previous analysis have shown that a large fraction of mitochondrial proteins does indeed trace their descent to the alpha-proteobacteria, but I found that the amino-acyl tRNA-synthetases display more general bacterial descent, making it likely that these proteins are of a different origin from the mitochondria themselves. While the synthetases are encoded on the nuclear genome, most mitochondria still posses most of the tRNA on their own genomes. In the cases where the tRNA has been lost from the mitochondrial genome, I found that the probability of loss correspond to the evolutionary history of their synthetase. The ocean metagenome represents an order of magnitude more data than previously available, making it suitable for improving the analyses dealing with mitochondrial placement. This large of amount of data was utilised to improve the phylogenetic analyses, showing that previous works might have suffered from artefacts inflating the support for placement of mitochondria with a specific alpha-proteobacterial group. Eukaryotic/mitochondrial radiation was shown to be as old, or older, than radiation of extant alpha-proteobacteria, casting doubt on previous analysis identifying a specific alpha-proteobacterial group as the mitochondrial ancestor.
24.	Browall, Sarah, et al. (author) Intraclonal variations among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates influence the likelihood of invasive disease in children. 2014 In: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 209:3, s. 377-88 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Pneumococcal serotypes are represented by a varying number of clonal lineages with different genetic contents, potentially affecting invasiveness. However, genetic variation within the same genetic lineage may be larger than anticipated.
25.	Decker, Ralph, 1968, et al. (author) Early increase of the bone formation marker PINP is in a higher degree related to growth response compared to bone mineralization in GH treated prepubertal children 2015 In: Horme Research in Paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 84:Suppl 1 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract Background: It has been reported that short-term increases of the bone formation markers intact amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin display different temporal patterns. In adults, the biphasic model of GH action in bone remodelling shows that GH treatment results initially in an increased bone resorption with a concomitant bone loss, which later on is followed by increased bone formation. In children, little is known how bone remodelling takes place. Objective and hypotheses: Bone formation markers reflect different events during osteogenesis, and respond with different time courses during anabolic GH treatment. Method: The study population comprised 128 short prepubertal children (age range 3−11 years; 90 boys, 38 girls) who participated in a longitudinal, prospective, multicenter study in individual GH dosing1, TRN 98-0198-003. The investigated children had either normal or reduced levels of GH secretion. Data from the first 2 years of GH treatment were analyzed. The bone markers were measured using the IDS-iSYS automatic system (Immunodiagnostic Systems)2. The DXA derived variable bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by Lunar DPX-L or Lunar Prodigy. Results: The bone markers PINP, BALP, osteocalcin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) at start and deltaPINP at 3 months of GH treatment explained 63% of the growth response at 2 years (p<0.0001), while only 26% of the variation in BMD response after 2 years of treatment was explained (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Bone markers at start of GH treatment, and the 3 months increase of PINP were associated with both growth response and bone mineralization after 2 years of treatment, but with different magnitude of impact on these anabolic GH effects.

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